• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.52-77
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• 2003

Borimsa was first built by Wonpyo, the great Buddhist priest of Whaum branch, in the year of 759 A.D. And Later the priest Chejing converted to Zen Buddhism in the year of 858 A.D., Borimsa got the central status of the Zen Buddhism, and was so prospered during the Chosun period. This research is the conservation treatment of the Buddhist literatures and the "Wolinsukbo" Vol.25, discovered in 1995 from the Four Devas of Borimsa, Buddhist Temple at Jangheung County, in the viewpoint of the bibliography. "Wolinsukbo" Vol.25 is consist of 142 pages and the size is of 22cm width, 32.3cm of length, and 2.8cm of depth. And also have the five-pinned eye revisor. The pre-conservation condition of this book was partly spotted by the permeated rain, and the cover pages being deeply spoiled. The conservation treatment was done in the sequences of 1) 1st linsing, 2) repairing and correcting, 3) 2nd linsing and conservation, 4) cutting and binding. The post-conservation condition of "Wolinsukbo" Vol.25 is of, 9 pages including covers are added, total 151 pages, and the size being 22.5 cm width, 32.7cm of length, and 3.2cm of depth.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.78-89
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• 2013

For safe conservation treatment of damaged accessory relics that were unearthed, the quality of the material should be accurately identified through a nondestructive analysis and failure analysis. This study provides the basic conservational scientific data regarding material analyses and conservation treatment that were conducted for 11 relics, including amber and agate that were discovered during the repair of Geumsansa Temple's Hall of Maitreya Buddha and Left Attendant Buddhas in June 2008. An ultraviolet analysis, SEM-EDS analysis and FT-IR microscope analysis revealed that the physical and chemical characteristics of the 11 relics are the same as those of amber. It is inferred that the cracks and exfoliation of the surface of most amber relics is attributable to darkening of the color due to C=C bond oxidation. It is also assumed that cracks and exfoliation occurred from the weathered layer on the amber surface. As such, it is appropriate to engage in conservation treatment of the damaged amber relics by using $Paraloid^{(R)}$ B67 reinforcing agent that is diluted in nonpolar solvent. The greatest care is needed for future handling of organic artifacts.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

The gilded bronze Sarria reliquary(National Treasure No. 325-1) excavated from a five story tower in Songlim Temple is considered as a very important Sarria reliquary of Unified Silla Dynasty Kingdom along with glass Sarria containers excavated in package. It was found that this Sarria container was in a very weak condition in the conservation dept. of National Museum of Korea due to the wearing of the inside wood and the decay of the gilded bronze, so a conservation treatment was conducted by focusing on the prevention of further decay and wearing. Also because there is little information about Sarria reliquary, detailed investigation by means of precision actual measurements, microscopic examination and X-ray photography was carried out.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

For exhibition, conducted conservation treatment for a variety of collections acquired at home and abroad such as metallic objects, wooden-ware, paintings and lacquer-ware. Conservation treatment methods for 42 metallic objects were introduced for material types. X-ray and microscopic method were used to identify the current state of the collections and in some case if necessary, various foreign particle removing and stabilization method were used depending on material type. Historical data were stored and exhibited to public.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.117-132
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• 2020

The painting layer of Payathonzu temple mural paintings in the ruins of Bagan Myanmar has been damaged due to various reasons. In this study, the applicability of Neem resin, a traditional Myanmar adhesive, as a fixative on the painting layer was examined. Cow glue and Paraloid B-72 were selected as fixatives in the comparison group, and pseudo-specimens with conditions similar to the original mural paintings were produced to examine the changes before and after applying the fixatives and according to the deterioration experiments. As a result of conducting the experiments and comparing the fixatives, it was found that changes on the surface such as smudge, yellowing and gloss are greater with the application of higher concentration of Neem resin than with other fixatives. However, such changes were relatively small under the condition of 4% concentration. It was also confirmed that chromaticity and glossiness vary greatly between before- and after-application of the fixatives but that such discrepancies tend to decrease at 4% concentration compared to other concentrations. As for fixation strength, it was found that the fixation capacity of Neem resin on the base and painting layers is overall higher than other fixatives as the concentration is increased. Therefore, the applicability of 4% concentration of Neem resin as a fixative on the painting layer was confirmed considering the low surface changes according to environmental factors, low color discrepancy and glossiness, and characteristics of excellent fixation strength. It is believed that the findings of this study could be used as basic data for the preservation of Payathonzu temple mural paintings in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.565-569
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• 2002

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of preservatives (alcohol, adipic acid) and heat treatment $(40^{\circ}C,\;60^{\circ}C)$ for the prolongation of shelf-life on low-salt Kimchi. Low-salt Kimchi was prepared with salt replacements (NaCl 50%, KCl 36%, $MgSO_4$ 10%, $CaSO_4$ 3%, glutamic acid 0.2%). Chemical characteristics and microbiological parameters were monitored during fermentation at $20^{\circ}C$. When three kinds of preservative which were alcohol 2.0%, adipic acid 0.1% and their mixture were added to low-salt Kimchi, shelf-life of them were prolonged. To extend the shelf-life of low-salt Kimchi, when the heat treatment at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ were tried, heat treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ was superior than at $40^{\circ}C$. In sensory evaluation of low-salt Kimchi, the control was showed the best quality in the overall acceptability. And low-salt Kimchi treated at $40^{\circ}C$ showed the most similar characteristics to the control Kimchi.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.150-171
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• 2013

The most important part of conservation treatment of murals is to preserve them against the risk of a damage by injecting fixative into them when the painting loses its cohesion or powderization of pigments occurred due to occurrence of cracks inside the painting layer. However, studies on the stability of fixative used for painting layers of murals are still insufficient. This study manufactured a mural as a specimen and colored it with four kinds of pigments including oyster shell white, cinnabar, malachite and red clay and applied four kinds of fixative, including, Paraloid $B-72^{(R)}$, Caparol-$binder^{(R)}$, glue and Hydoxypropyl $cellulose^{(R)}$. artificially generated environmental changes in temperature, humidity and ultraviolet rays which may occur after the completion of conservation treatment. Then the changes in physical properties were observed in multifaceted ways such as color stability, contact angle, brilliance, adhesive strength and surface. As a result, this study found that ultraviolet rays and hot?humid environment have a large impact on color stability causing changes in brightness and chroma of all painting layers where the fixative were applied, except for oyster shell white and are considered the main factors of decomposition by accelerating the aging process of fixatives applied. In comparison to the synthetic resins that were also tested in this study, the traditional glue showed satisfactory results in terms of color stability and influence preservation and the hydrophile property. As it showed exceptionally outstanding adhesive strength in all painting layers in the aspect of adhesive strength, it is considered to be highly stabile for the fixation treatment of painting layers of mural.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.106-119
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• 2014

The $76^{th}$ National Treasure is consisted of seven volumes of Nanjung Ilgi (War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin; each titled by the author based on the zodiac name of the year covered, i.e. Imjin Ilgi, Gyesa Ilgi, Gabo Ilgi, Byeongsin Ilgi, Jeongyu Ilgi, Sok Jeongyu Ilgi, Musul Ilgi), Seogancheob (Letters of Admiral Yi) and Imjin Jangcho (Drafts of Imjin War Reports of Admiral Yi). These are currently in the custody of Hyeonchungsa shrine, the state-managed memorial shrine of Admiral Yi, and has been added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in June 2013 in the appreciation of its historical and academic importance as a commander's hand-written battlefield accounts during Japanese invasions of Korea. Imjin Jangcho, among these nine volumes, is a record of battles, including observations on the enemy fleets, suggestions on naval matters, battle expenditure, and methods of battle preparation, transcribed by someone else according to Admiral Yi's instructions. It is Admiral Yi's honest detailobservations on the war situation during Japanese invasions of Korea from 1592 as a Naval Commander of Left Jeolla Province, till 1594 (Year 27 of King Seonjo's reign) as a Commander-in-Chief of the Naval Forces of the South. It is a draft of the war report to be submitted to the King in a single volume as a folio (each sheet folded once to produce one leaf) bound in a side-stitched binding with five holes and inner binding of twisted paper. This study explores the condition and the treatment performed on Imjin Jangcho which could have an implication for the conservation of cultural assets on paper of late Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.339-350
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• 2020

This study attempted to apply a hybrid technology that integrated mineral-based fillers and water-repellent agents to control the efflorescence that results from the use of inorganic binders, for the conservation treatment (surface finishing) of cultural heritage materials made up of stone. Herein, different types of mixing ratios of a filler (silica fume 3.4%) and a water repellent (silane-siloxane 1%) were selected for fabricating the inorganic binder, and it was determined that the ratio selected by weight is effective in controlling efflorescence substances. In addition, it was identified that the inorganic binder with the mixing ratio resulted in a higher compressive strength than the standard (20MPa), and the water permeability resistance was high with low water absorption. The result of ion elution from the bilder showed that a smaller number of ions was observed to affect the efflorescence (directly and indirectly) as compared to that of the control group, which was considered to be relatively stable.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.712-716
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• 2008

In an effort to evaluate Salmonella food safety using combinations of preservation techniques, its viabilities when exposed to HCl, acetic acid, and the oxidative agents (hydrogen peroxide and butyl hydrogen peroxide), were analyzed using sub-lethal heat-shocked Salmonella Typhimurium at $56^{\circ}C$. 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS analyses were also conducted to determine the expression and repression of proteins in heat-shocked cells. Heat-shocked S. Typhimurium evidenced a reduction of viable counts by 1-2 log CFU/mL. However, viality of non heat-shocked S. Typhimurium decreased markedly by 5-6 log CFU/mL at a pH 4 in response to acid and oxidative stresses. Sub-lethal heat treatment greatly increased the resistance of S. Typhimurium against acid and oxidant agents. As for 2D gel electrophoresis and protein identification via MALDI-TOF MS, 17 major proteins in non heat-shocked S. Typhimurium were detected, and only 13 proteins among these proteins were detected in heat-shocked S. Typhimurium. The heat shock proteins such as DnaK and small heat shock proteins were included, and may be associated with the resistance of S. typhimurium against exposure to acids and oxidants. Therefore, even though the promising hurdle technology using the combined mild treatments including heat was applied to S. Typhimurium, the proper heat treatment to reduce its crossprotection activity toward the following preservative agents might be considered.