• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.5-28
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• 2014

South Korea has strengthened the eligibility criteria for childcare teachers while amending the Infant Care Act in January 2005 in order to improve the quality of childcare services. Since then, there was a change in the legal basis related to childcare staff such as introduction of national certification of childcare center directors, name change, strengthened qualification standards for directors and teachers, training system maintenance and repair, strengthened credit standards of teachers' care related qualification courses, and maintenance provisions of continuing education nursery teacher qualifications. And that is because childcare staff are closely related to the quality of childcare, and a very important variable who has direct influence on infants. This study, through literature research and analysis, describes the status and development direction of childcare staff. This study covers three main aspects. First, the relevant historical flow was reviewed and the concepts of the role, expertise, and legal status of childcare staff were investigated. Second, staff training institutions, emissions certification, employment, and the status of treatment were investigated. Third, development direction for the training system, eligibility criteria, continuing education and its training system, and treatment improvement were proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.580-587
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• 1995

1979. 3.28 미국 TMI-2의 사고를 계기로 개발된 증상기준 비상운전절차서는 고리 3,4/영광 1,2호기의 경우 '92. 2에 개정된 ERG-18를 근거로 하여 각 발전소 운전담당 자들에 의하여 확인 및 검증 (Verification S Validation) 작업을 통하여 금년부터 본격적으로 적용되기에 이르렀다. 그러나 비상운전절차서의 특성상 리 발전소별 특정 설정치의 계산에서 어려움을 겪었으며 아직도 재확인 작업을 통한 최적화 여지가 상 당부분 잔존하고 있다. 여기어서는 고압발전소인 고리-3,4/영장-1,2호기 비상운전절차서에 있어서 증기발생기에 공급되는 정상 밋 비상급수의 전체 상실사고시 노심 노출 방지 및 노심 열 제거를 위해 적응되는 기능회복절차서의 "2차 열제거원 상실시 조치" 중 방출 및 충전 운전의 성공적 시작점을 계산, 개정된 비상운전절차서와 비교하여 특정 발전소의 방출 및 충전 운전 설정치를 제시하였고, 이러한 결과로부터 현재 보수적으로 설정된 값의 완화를 유도하여 방출 및 충전 운전 시작전, 운전원으로 하여금 급수확보를 시도할 수 있는 시간여유의 연장을 도출할 수 있었다.도출할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

In most cases, Geotechnical Structures installed in freezing areas require extra countermeasures for reducing freeze damage. However, in terms of domestic tunnels, studies and case reports for geotechnical structures such as tunnels and retaining walls are not fluently carried out, causing lack of research about ways to decrease freeze damage. For these causes, domestic design criteria about structures does not specifically institutionalization for geotechnical structures. This research have done on-site investigation about tunnels, cut slopes and retaining walls. Also, this research includes the process of analyzing the histories of maintenance for class 1 and class 2 structures that happened in the past 40 years, studying characteristics of structure's maintenance and reinforcement in different areas with different climate. As the result, it was analyzed that domestic geotechnical structures showed need for longer maintenance and reinforcement that are located in Gangwon mountain area, Gangwon north region and Gyeonggi north region where the temperature is relatively low. This research can be concluded in need for revision of design criteria for structures located in freeze damage area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2020

Unlike new construction projects, road paving maintenance work shows large productivity discrepancies depending on the conditions of the worksite. The current construction cost calculation scheme, however, only provides daily construction volume categorized by work scope and scale: There are no detailed standards that can be implemented on various types of worksites. To develop standards that enable the calculation of appropriate construction costs by taking into account worksite conditions, the current study conducted on-site surveys and interviews. The on-site research and analysis revealed that location, construction width, the day's worksite lot, work scope, and construction objectives were found to cause differences in construction volume. In addition to the existing work scope and work scape variables, the current study added weight constants reflecting the daily work volume based on movement conditions at site and the size of the worksite lot. In this process, the current study found that even one type of construction project can have fifteen different levels of daily construction volume. Such detailed classification was deemed to enable the proper calculation of construction costs based on worksite conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2018

"하천법" 제50조는 하천수의 사용용도를 생활 공업 농업 환경개선 발전, 그리고 주운 등 하천수 사용용도를 다양화하고 있으나, 하천수 사용료의 징수대상은 발전용수, 농업용수, 생공용수, 그 밖의 용수 등 4개 용수를 대상으로 하고 있다. 발전용수는 $100m^3/d$ 에 대하여 연액 231원, 농업용수는 $1,000m^3/d$에 대하여 연액 231원(발전용수의 1/10), 생활 및 공업, 기타용수는 댐용수대를 적용(2018년 현재 52.7원/$m^3$)하고 있다. 댐용수 요금의 산정은 '댐용수를 공급하는데 소요되는 총괄 원가를 보상하는 수준'에서 결정되며, 총괄원가는 '댐용수를 공급하는데 소요되는 적정원가에 댐용수사업에 공여하고 있는 자산에 대한 적정투자보수를 가산한 금액'으로 한다. 우리나라의 생활용수 및 공업용수는 이처럼 "한국수자원공사법" 제16조제2항에 따라 국토부장관이 승인한 댐용수 단가를 적용한다. 댐용수의 산정기준은 댐용수를 공급하는데 소요되는 총괄원가이지만, 하천수로서의 생활용수 및 공업용수가 이러한 댐용수 단가를 적용하는 이유에 대해서는 이론의 여지가 있을 수 있다. 댐용수는 1987년 최초로 전국 동일요금이 적용되었고 그 이후로도 주기적으로 요금이 인상되었으며, 발전 및 농업용수는 2008년 "하천법 시행령" 개정에 의해 사용료가 결정되었다. 농업용수와 발전용수는 각 지자체의 조례에 의해 요금을 부과하였는데 최초의 단가는 농업용수가 톤당 0.00032원, 발전용수는 톤당 0.0032원, 그리고 공업용수는 톤당 0.0076원이 부과되었다. 이후 1981년 조례의 개정에 따라 공업용수는 관경에 따라 차등적인 요금체계가 확립되었는데 대략 톤당 0.01원으로 기존에 단가에 비해 비약적으로 증가하였다. 농업용수 및 발전용수의 단가가 1984년 대비 2배 상승한 것에 비해 공업용수단가는 약 7,000배가 상승하였다. 생활용수의 경우, 기존 조례에서 따로 정하지 않았고 2008년 하천법 개정과 더불어 각 조례에 규정되었다. 즉 2008년 이전까지는 생활용수에 대해 따로 요금기준이 없었던 것으로 파악된다. 이에 비하여 농업용수 및 발전용수는 1984년 2배로 상승한 뒤 현재까지 동일한 요금을 부과하고 있다. 2008년에 개정된 "하천법 시행령" 제57조(하천수 사용료의 징수)의 농업용수 및 발전용수의 단가는 기존 조례의 단가를 그대로 "하천법"이 계승한 것으로 해당 용수의 단가가 특정한 과학적 기준으로 정해진 것으로 보기는 어렵다. 따라서 현재와 같이 용수단가별로 나타나는 커다란 차이는 각 용수의 용도 및 성격, 사회적 영향 등 용수 속성에 관한 사항과 더불어 회귀율과 취배수거리 등 다양한 요인을 적용한 산정기준을 적용하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.169-177
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• 2012

Due to the influences of global financial crisis, countries are putting their efforts on the enhancement of appropriateness and transparency of director compensation. In several countries including Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, listed companies and financial institutions in certain levels make public announcement for compensations of individual directors, not the averages. Recently, even Asian countries including China, Hong Kong, and Singapore are introducing individual director compensation public announcement policies. On the other hand, in cases of companies, which must submit annual reports, under current Korean capital market laws and enforcement ordinances, they are obligated to mention 'total wage paid to all executives in that business year' on the annual report, but does not have to mention individual wages of each executive. About this, at the 17th national assembly, revised bill for the Securities and Exchange Act for companies to mention wages of each executive. The financial world is opposing to open individual director compensation to the public as they concern about the shrinking of outstanding human resources recruitment, breach of corporate confidence, privacy invasion, deterioration of labor-management relations, and downfall of the executive's management will as director compensation will be standardized downward; however, if public opening of individual director compensation is forced, domestic companies will prepare more objective and rational standards when they calculate director compensations, and moreover, it will prevent arbitrary intervention of dominant shareholders. Therefore, to clearly and efficiently control director compensation, we need regulations for obligating public opening of individual director compensation.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.189-206
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• 2016

It was required to attach the documents on the details of external audit including the number of the participants in external audit, audited parts and audit times under the Article 7-2 on the audit report to the accounting audit report from 2014 in accordance with the amendment to the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies. This study aim to calculate the audit fee based on the estimated cost of service calculation of the government contribution agencies by reflecting the implementation of the revised external audit. This study calculated the audit fee for the target company (a listed company assumed to have no internal control risks and relevant audit risks for unqualified opinion in the previous year, 100 billion won of total amount of asset, manufacturing company in the previous year and preliminary client request) by putting together four items of expenditure including employment costs, expenditure, general management expenses and profit in accordance with the calculation system of cost of service under the State Contract Act. Then, it used the data collected from the documents on the details of the revised external audit after requesting estimation on the target company with the estimated cost to Big-4 accounting firms to identify the participants and times of the accounting audit. The employment costs applied 150% of participation rate of the base price of employment costs for the academic research service cost in 2014, the expenditure used the average value of accounting firms of corporate business management analysis of the Bank of Korea (2013), the general management expenses applied 5% of the general management rate of service business under Article 7-1 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to which the State is a Party and the profit applied 10% of profit rate of service business under Article 7-2 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to which the State is a Party. Based on the calculation of the estimated costs by applying the above, the audit fee was estimated at 50,617,769won. Although the result is not the optimal audit fee, it may be used as a basic scale to compare the audit fees of companies without criteria. Also, such amendment to the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies may improve independence of auditors and transparency of the accounting system rather than previous announcing only the total audit times.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.285
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• pp.100-102
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• 2014

대한설비건설협회는 지난해 7월 개정된 도시가스사업법 시행규칙 제20조의2 '특정가스사용시설' 규정과 관련 코드기준(KGS FU551 등) 등 세부기준이 건설업계와 설비시공업계에 규제 강화로 적용됨에 따라 민원이 속출하고 있어, 이를 제외 및 폐지하여 줄 것을 지난 3월 14일 산업자원통상부와 한국가스안전공사에 건의했다. 현재까지 단 한건의 가스누출사고도 없었던 매립(매몰) 배관에 대해 안전성을 강화한다는 명분으로 고가의 다기능가스안전계량기를 설치토록 하고, 추가로 한국가스안전공사의 완성검사 및 기술검토까지 받도록 하는 것은 이중규제로 지적되고 있다. 또한 점검구의 경우 천정높이와 현장여건에 따라 설치 개수도 달라지며, 설치 후 실질적인 수리 보수를 할 수 없는데다 미관상 많은 민원을 초래할 수 있어 무용지물이 될 수 있다고 업계는 지적하고 있다. 이에따라 대한설비건설협회는 ${\triangle}$건축물 내 도시가스 매립(매몰)배관 특정가스사용시설 제외 ${\triangle}$가스용 금속플렉시블배관용호스 은폐(천정) 설치 시 점검구 또는 다기능가스안전계량기 설치 의무화 Code기준의 개선을 촉구했다. 또한 지난 3월 13일 제도 홍보를 위해 개최된 '건축물내 매립배관 제도개선 현황과 과제' 세미나에서도 대한설비건설협회는 이같은 문제점을 지적하고 보완책 마련을 건의했다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.271-272
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• 2021

The maintenance and repair work of sidewalk block pavement is a construction that requires a large amount of budget to be invested every year. It is important to establish an appropriate standards for estimating construction cost to ensure proper budgeting and quality. In this study, the standards for estimating the cost of maintenance and construction work for sidewalk blocks that can be applied to the construction volume classified according to the site conditions, construction type, and equipment use differentiated from new construction was established. As a result, the daily construction volume was presented by reflecting excavator and truck as equipment in the combination of paver and common worker. The re-installation was applied by separating the construction volume of sections with general blocks and induction/raised blocks based on the installation of sidewalk blocks after demolition. Generally if block cutting is necessary, the precision construction conditions using a cutting machine were taken into consideration to secure the construction quality. In addition, it has been revised to apply classified construction volume into A and B-Type depending on the park and site conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.66-92
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• 2001

지난 및 년간 정부에서는 소각시설에서 배출되는 다이옥신 등 대기오염물질을 저감하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울여 왔다. 먼저, '97년 7월 17일, 폐기물관리법 시행규칙을 개정하여 생활폐기물 소각시설에 대한 다이옥신 규제기준$^{1)}$ 을 '99년 7월 1일부터 기존 소각시설에 대해서는 0.5ng-TEQ/N㎥을 신설 소각시설에 대해서는 0.1ng-TEQ/N㎥으로 제정했으며, 또한 소각시설의 광역화, 신규 소각시설의 설치비용 및 기존 소각설비의 개ㆍ보수비용의 일부에 대한 국고지원, 소각처리 기술지원단에 의한 기술평가 및 자문활동, 다이옥신 공인측정ㆍ분석기관의 지정ㆍ고시, 생활폐기물 소각시설 설치ㆍ운영지침의 제정 등 짧은 기간임에도 불구하고 소각시설에서 배출되는 다이옥신을 저감하기 위하여 각종 정책이나 제도를 시행 또는 개선해왔다. (중략)