• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2014

Increased consumption of a polysaccharide, ${\beta}$-glucans, in foods may prevent health related problems such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. ${\beta}$-glucans is a fibrous polysaccharide having proven both functional and medicinal properties. Recently, the FDA recommends the consumption of oat or oat products containing a total of at least 3 grams of bea-glucans per day for health improvement. The content of ${\beta}$-glucans in barley was almost four times higher than that in oat. In this study, the physicochemical and sensory characteristics and biological properties of steamed barley bread added with ramie leaf powder was investigated. The study of sensory characteristics was performed using the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). 30 panelists were selected among our university students. They then evaluated the different sensory characteristics, such as overall preference, color, flavor, chewiness, moistness and taste. The color and texture analyses were determined using a colorimeter and texture analyser, respectively. In the sensory, color and texture evaluation, barley bread with ramie leaf showed higher values than barley bread and wheat bread did. The physiological activities were investigated through the total phenol content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Hence, barley appears to be a suitable food resource for making bread. This study suggests that barley bread added with ramie leaf can be used as one of the processing methods in promoting the consumption of barley. It might also help with the improvement of barley food industry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

This study was carried out to observe the nutritive effects of feeding rice diet and rice diet mixed with barley or millet, or both on the growth rate and biological availability of some nutrients by albino rats. The experimental diets were prepared on the basis of isocaloric and isonitrogenous containing 357 kcal of energy and 12g of protein per 100g of diet. The experimental animals weighing about 66g of both sexes were fed on 7 kinds of diets such as control diet, rice (100%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (30%) diet, rice (70%)+millet (30%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (20%)+millet (10%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (15%)+millet (15%) diet, and rice (70%)+barley (10%)+millet (20%) diet for 7 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The gain in body weight was higher for barley and/or millet mixed with rice diet groups than rice diet group with no statistical difference. 2. Although there was no difference in the amount of food consumed by experimental groups, the food efficiency ratio was sightly higher for the miked diet groups than rice atone diet group. 3. The protein efficiency ratio was also higher for barley and millet miked with rice diet groups than rice diet group, although statistical significance was not found. 4. Apparent digestibility of protein of rice diet group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than any other diet group. Although there was no remarkable difference between mixed diet group was found, the apparent digestibility of protein tended to increase when rats were fed on the barley and millet mixed with rice diet. Apparent biological value (p<0.05) and net protein utilization (p<0.01) were also significantly higher for the groups fed mixed diet with barley and/or millet than rice diet group, and those for millet alone mixed diet were slightly lower. 5. The content of total nitrogen in the liver and of protein in serum were not significantly different among experimental groups. It may be concluded from the above results that an adequate supplementation of rice with other cereals and mixing ratio of other cereals to rice were important for the efficient utilization of protein in total diet.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.981-986
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• 2012

To produce a new tea with a good flavor and functional properties using green tea of low quality, naked barley and barley were selected to blend with the green tea. The simultaneous distillation extraction method (SDE) using Likens and Nickerson's extraction apparatus was used to extract the volatile flavor compounds from the samples. The concentrated flavor extracts were analyzed and identified by GC and GC-MS. The GC patterns of the flavor components in two parched barleys were very different. The main volatile flavor components in two of the samples were alkyl pyrazines. Compounds including 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, and 3-ethyl-2.5-dimethyl pyrazine were isolated from the naked barley. Compounds including thiophenes, thiazoles, sulfides, and pyrroles with burnt odor were isolated from the barley. The parched naked barley was better than barley for adding to green tea. The main aroma components of the green tea blended with the naked barley were hexanol, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, ${\beta}$-ionone, ${\alpha}$-ionone, alkyl pyrazines, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, and furfural.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1991

A pot experiment on the Sr-90 uptake by the barley from a loamy-sandy soil of pH 6.05 treated with Sr-90 and slaked lime was carried out in a green house. The rate of Sr-90 uptake at maturity was, on an average, 0.41% for a naked barley Neolssalbori and 0.23% for a covered one Olbori. Transfer coefficients of Sr-90 for the former were higher than those for the latter by about 30-60% depending on the plant parts. There were, on the whole, not significant differences in the rate and in the coefficient among Sr-90 concentration treatments. Slaked lime addition equivalent to about 94kg/10a was not effective for lessening Sr-90 uptake or diminishing Sr-90 transfer coefficient. As transfer coefficients, 1.51, 4.45, 0.35, and 1.30, on the dry weight basis, could be proposed for the stem, leaf, seed, and whole top of the barley, respectively. Growth inhibition or yield decrease due to Sr-90 uptake was not observed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 1994

The term underground stem is not used correctly as mesocotyle that is the first internode of barley, wheat and rye. Mesocotyle does not elongate and it remain in the seed in case of these crops. The elongated stem is second internode of these crops and not mesocotyle but rhizome or underground stem. The node on which the underground stem is attached is coleoptile node and coleptile is attached here. The objective of this study was to determine if the depth of sowing affect the coleoptile length and plant height. The deeper sowing caused the longer coleoptile length and plant height. Coleoptile length and plant height of 2cm depth of sowing showed significant difference with 6cm and 10cm depth of sowing in barley and wheat. Variation of these two characters were high in rye and corn because these crops were both heterogeneous due to out crossing. All the varieties of 4 crops showed significant correlation between coleoptile length and plant height. Chilbohomil showed highly significant correlation between two characters.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1983

The size distribution and changes of volume and grain hardness of ‘Sedohadaka', waked barley of various polishing yields during hydration process at various temperatures were investigated, and were analyzed kinetically, Both major and minor diameter of barley grain decreased linearly during polishing, and the decreasing rate of major diameter was greater than that of minor diameter. The volume change of barley grain could be expressed as a power of hydration time, and a break point was found in case of non-polished barley. The changing rate of grain hardness followed the equation of a first-order reaction, and the reaction rate constant increased with decreasing polishing yields and at higher temperature in the range of $20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. The activation energy of hardness change reaction of polished barley during hydration were ranged $5.1{\sim}7.8Kcal/mole$, and 13.3Kcal/mole of non-polished barley.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.370-374
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• 1982

Bread-baking properies of naked barley flour and naked barley-wheat flour blends were investigated, and changes of loaf volume of naked barley bread prepared by straight method and by lactic acid method were observed. Specific loaf volume of naked barley flour bread made by straight method was only 1.11 ml/g bread, while that of barley bread made by lactic acid method was more than 1.50 ml/g bread. No significant increase of loaf volume was noted in mixed naked barley-wheat bread. The increase of loaf volume of barley bread appeared to be due to total titratable acidity of barley dough. Loaf volume of what bread made by lactic acid method decreased sharply as the total titratable acidity of wheat flour dough increased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 1985

In order to observe the differences of several characters related to earliness, seven barley varieties were tested under two different photoperiodic conditions. Final leaf number per main stem under long day did not vary among varieties, but ranged 6 to 7 in early group and 9 to 10 in late group under shortday. Shoot apex of early varieties, Jogangbori and Oweolbori reached to X stage at 24 days, but that of late variety, CI 15446 did to X stag at 32 days after transplanting under short day. Spike length reached to maximum length at 39 days in early group, but at 51 days in late group. Saeolbori, CI 15446 and Hangmi were photo-sensitive, but Jogangbori and Oweolbori were photo-insensitive. Therefore, the photoperiodic response to short day was most responsible to heading time. Those results showed that early heading varieties had the characteristics with less variation of final leaves, less retardation of shoot apex development and spike elongation, and shorter period to flag leaf emergence under short day.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.475-478
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• 2002

Post-harvest treatment for barley production requires many steps including drying, cleaning, and packing, and these steps be needed many labor input. Rice processing complex (RPC) is useful for post harvest management system in rice production. However, it is rare to be used for barley production. This study was conducted to explore the variations of quality and labor saving between conventional method and bulk-management system in post-harvest using RPC. The sorting rate was not different between manual method and bulk management. The hardness of non-polished grain was ranged 10,175-10,329 g/$3.14mm^2$, and that for non-polished grain was higher than that for polished grain, but there was not different between drying method. There was not be showed the hunter's value such as L, a and b according to drying method. Cooking characters such as water absorption ratio, swelling ratio, and water soluble extracts by circulated or continued dryer was higher than manual drying using solar heat. Labor input per ha for each cultivation process in bulk-management of barley using rice processing complex was 21 hours, compared to 46 hr/ha in the conventional method, labor input was greatly saved by up to 54.3% in the post-harvest bulk management system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.160-168
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of induced wet-injury conditions on barley seedling growth. Barley seedlings at the three leaf stage were grown in culture solutions with various combinations of dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients and citric acid (CA) concentrations. Seedling growth was reduced by hypoxia. Root length and root fresh weight were most severely reduced under 1 ppm DO. Shoot growth was slightly reduced but not root growth under low nutrient condition. Seedling growth was reduced by CA in a concentration-dependant manner, Response of seedling growth was efficiently differentiated in a solution containing 1 ppm DO, one tenth of the normal P, K and Mg concentration and 3 mM CA. Under this induced wet-injury condition, overall seedling growth of 6 cultivars was reduced by 11 to 19% compared to the control condition. The results suggest that the induced wet-injury condition can be used for the screening of resistant genotypes at the seedling stage.