• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.140-153
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• 2003

Background : The cell-mediated immune reaction to tuberculosis infection involves a complex network of cytokines. The extent of inflammation, tissue damage and severity of the disease suggested to be determined by the balance between extent and duration of the proinflammatory cytokine response versus those of the suppressive cytokines. The systemic cytokine response in pathogenesis of tuberculosis can be assessed by measuring serum cytokine levels. Method : Serum interleukin-1 beta(IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p40), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$), interferon-gamma(IFN-${\gamma}$) and transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-${\beta}$) levels were measured in 83 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis before treatment and 20 healthy subjects by using a sandwich ELISA. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, they were divided into mild, moderate and far advanced group according to the severity by ATS guidelines. To compare with those of pretreatment levels, we measured serum IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p40), TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TGF-${\beta}$ levels in 45 of 83 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after 2 and 6 months of treatment. Results : 1) In sera of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis(n=83), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6(p<0.05), TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ were elevated and TGF-${\beta}$ was decreased comparing to control. IL-2, Il-12(p40), IL-4 and IL-10 were similar between the patients with tuberculosis and control. 2) In endobronchial tuberculosis, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were elevated and TGF-${\beta}$ was decreased comparing to control. IL-12(p40) seemed to be elevated comparing to pulmonary tuberculosis. 3) Far advanced tuberculosis showed markedly elevated IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ level(p<0.05). 4) The significant correlations were noted between IL-1, IL-6 AND TNF-${\alpha}$ and between IL-12, Il-2 and IL-4(p<0.01). 5) After 2 and 6 months of standard treatment, the level of IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ was significantly decreased(p<0.05). Conclusion : These results showed that an altered balance between cytokines is likely to be involved in the extent of inflammation, tissue damage and severity of the disease tuberculosis. But, it should be considered diversities of cytokine response according to type of tuberculosis and immunity in clinical application and interpreting future studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.430-435
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• 2007

Even though we drink and excrete water without recognition, the amount and the composition of body fluid remain constant everyday. Maintenance of a normal osmolality is under the control of water balance which is regulated by vasopressin despite sodium concentration is the dominant determinant of plasma osmolality. The increased plasma osmolality (hypernatremia) can be normalized by the concentration of urine, which is the other way of gaining free water than drinking water, while the low plasma osmolality (hyponatremia) can be normalized by the dilution of urine which is the only regulated way of free water excretion. On the other hand, volume status depends on the control of sodium balance which is regulated mainly by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, through which volume depletion can be restored by enhancing sodium retention and concomitant water reabsorption. This review focuses on the urine concentration and dilution mechanism mediated by vasopressin and the associated disorders; diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1994.06b
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• pp.83-83
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• 1994

발성기구의 생리학적 연구나 발성장애의 병태를 검사함에 있어서 폐로부터 송출되는 호기의 에너지가 성문에 있어서 어느 정도로 목소리의 음원으로 변환되는 지를 아는 것은 대단히 중요하다. 이것을 알기 위해서는 발성시의 호기류율과 함께 성문하에 있어서의 호기압을 측정하여 발성된 목소리의 강도와의 관계를 조사할 필요가 있다. 기류 저지법을 이용한 발성시의 공기역학적 검사법은 발성장애에 대한 공기역학적 검사의 한 방법으로, 기류 저지법을 사용한 발성시의 호기압(폐내압)측정을 호기류율, 목소리 강도, 높이의 측정과 조합시키는 방법으로 장치는 기류저지용의 회전 셧터를 발성기능 검사장치의 mouth piece에 접촉시킨 것이다. (중략)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1537-1543
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was investigation to examine the prevention diabetic mellitus and treatment effect on Gastrodia Elata Blume(GEB) dieted at prior and after induced diabetic application. Prior induced diabetic 3 weeks ago application GEB dieted. It is to analysis changes in body weight, blood glucose, SOD, CAT and histopathological findings. For the fingding significantly concentration diabetic rats were divided into 3 different experimental groups and each groups were induced diabetic. Experimental group Ⅰ (STZ-induced diabetic rats; n=10), experimental group Ⅱ (after induced DM and GEB dieted rats; n=10), experimental group Ⅲ (Prior GEB dieted thereafter DM induced; n=10). Prior and After GEB dieted application was that body weight, blood glucose were increase in experimental group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Specially, group Ⅲ was significantly change than group Ⅱ at 1st weeks. and the level of CAT were significantly decrease in experimental group Ⅱ, Ⅲ than group Ⅰ. but SOD level was increase in experimental group Ⅱ, Ⅲ than group Ⅰ. In histological observation; group Ⅰ showed decrease in the intensity and incidence of vacuolations, cellular infiltration and hypertrophy of in liver and kidney. The Gomori's stain result, group Ⅰ showed disruption ${\beta}$-cell in pancrease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.438-442
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• 2005

Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile vasculitis that occurs predominantly in young children under 5-years-old. The patients present generally with a high spiking fever that is unresponsive to antibiotics and lasts for more than five days at least. Prolonged fever has been shown to be a risk factor in the development of coronary artery disease. It seems to be certain that infectious agents are associated with the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. The differential diagnosis of Kawasaki disease must rule out infectious diseases including scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, measles, and so on. This is very important for adequate treatment and prevention of cardiac complications of Kawasaki disease. We experienced a 25-month-old boy who had high fever and pneumonic consolidation in the right middle and lower lobe of the lung that was considered as mycoplasma pneumonia on admission and developed coronary artery aneurysmal dilatation during treatment with roxythromycin.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

During the recent decade, the new data about normal neurochemical system development have been accumulated very much. Based on these new data, the up-to-date theory and hypothesis have been developed. These development of this field results from the technological/methodological development which increase the sensitivity, specificity and validity of neurochemical research. Especially, molecular technological development support the recent neurochemical development. In this review article, the authors described the recent research findings in the field of normal neurochemical development of neurotransmitter system in animal and human. Most of child psychiatric disorder, especially neuropsychiatric developmental disorders (ADHD, Autism, Tourette's disorder, MR etc) seem to have underlying neurochemical developmental problems in the pathophysiological basis. So, the data on the normal ontogeny of neurotransmitter system can be the most valuable resources for the research on the etiology of the diverse child psychiatric disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.262-281
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• 2000

We focused on the peer relationship of adolescent patients with schizophrenia, which usually occurs around puberty. Reviewing cases with schizophrenia and the literature extensively, we had come to the conclusion as follows；1) the most robust predictors among factors influencing the prognosis of schizophrenia are premorbid interpersonal relationship and adaptive functions. 2) Especially teachers’ reports about school life and peer relationship during school life are useful for predicting the occurrence of schizophrenia in adolescents. We described characteristic and behavioral childhood features which are important in pathogenesis of schizophrenia, based on high-risk studies and long term follow-up studies. Also, pathological profiles of the interpersonal relationship and pathology in adulthood were presented. We tried to integrate various aspects of interpersonal and social weaknesses of schizophrenics applying 'primary and secondary socialization' concept. Finally, five cases of adolescent schizophrenics were described briefly and proposal for the early detection and intervention for risk factors was introduced.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1146-1157
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• 1997

Fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare disease which is characterized by excessive fibrosis of mediastinum and symptoms caused by compression and obstruction of mediastinal structures. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is unknown, granulomatous infection is cinsidered to be the most common cause of this disease. Histoplasmosis is the most common etiology, especially in the endemic areas in United States. Tuberculosis is another etiology of fibrosing mediastinitis. We experienced two cases of fibrosing mediastinitis associated with tuberculous infection.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

The PFAPA syndrome is characterized by periodic fever, malaise, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis without long-term sequelae. It has been known as one of the cause of periodic fever in children. Because there is no specific laboratory findings, the diagnosis of PFAPA syndrome is not only made by exclusion of diseases which are related to the other causes of periodic fever, but also made by a careful history and characteristic clinical manifestations. The dramatic response to the single oral dose of corticosteroid is unique to this syndrome. The PFAPA syndrome tends to be resolved without any long-term adverse sequelae. We have reported a 3 year old boy who was diagnosed as having PFAPA syndrome by episodes of periodic fever for 3 months and by excluding other febrile diseases. He was treated with oral prednisolone and his symptoms had been improved dramatically.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2004

We examined the responses of PBMCs to house dust mite (HDM) allergen in atopic and healthy, non-atopic dogs to identify differences in lymphocyte reactivity that might reflect the immunologic status of atopic dermatitis. Thirteen of 20 (65%) atopic dogs showed a positive lymphocyte proliferative response to HDM allergen. The rate of response was significantly higher in the atopic dogs than that in healthy, non-atopic dogs insensitive to the allergen (P = 0.007). The proliferative responses were positively correlated with the level of HDM-specific IgE in serum (P = 0.035), and were thereby confirmed to reflect the activity of lymphocytes competent to promote IgE production. These results suggest that HDM-specific lymphocytes were present in peripheral blood and played a role in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis.