• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.147-154
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• 1997

국내에서 많이 사용되고 있는 제2세대 quinolone 항생제인 norfloxacin(NFX)에 대한 약역학적인 특성을 구명하기 위하여 국내에서 분리된 동물유래 병원성 세균에 대하여 시험관내에서 실험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 즉, E coli(n=89) 대한 NFX의 $MIC_{50}$와 $MIC_{90}$는 공히 0.02g/ml이었으며, Streptococcus spp.(n=36)에 대한 NFX의 $MIC_{50}$는 2g/ml 그리고 $MIC_{90}$는 4g/ml로 나타났다. Salmonella spp.(n=56)에 대한 NFX의 $MIC_{50}$와 $MIC_{90}$ 모두 0.2g/ml로 강한 항균력을 보였으며, Streptococcus spp.(n=24)에 대한 NFX의 $MIC_{50}$는 2g/ml 그리고 $MIC_{90}$가 4g/ml로 나타났다. Bacillus spp.(n=34)는 NFX의 $MIC_{50}$와 $MIC_{90}$는 모두 0.4g/ml으로서 대부분의 병원성 세균에 대해서 $MIC_{50}$와 $MIC_{90}$치가 동일하든지 또는 매우 비슷한 수치를 보여주었다. 그러나 NFX는 혐기성세균인 Clostridium spp.(n=34)에 대해서는 항균력이 매우 낮았다. 현재 수의임상에서 항균제 병용요법이 많이 응용되고 있는 것을 고려하여 NFX와 다른 항생물질간의 분획억제농도 (FICs)를 E coli 88ac을 시험균주로 하여 실험한 결과, NFX와 colistin과 병용할 때 FIC 값이 0.38로서 상승작용을 그리고 gentamicin, trimethoprim, amikacin, penicillin 및 tylosin과의 병용시 FIC 값이 각각 0.52, 0.56, 0.63, 1.00 및 1.02로서 상가작용을 보여주었으며, tetracyclin과의 병용시의 FIC값은 1.49로서 길항작용을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 한편 실제 항균제의 임상적용시 매우 주요한 요소인 항균활성후 저농도유효성(PAE)을 알아보기 위하여 E coli AB1157을 시험균주로 측정한 결과 PAE은 0.90~1.02 시간 그리고 S aureus R-209에 대해서는 PAE가 1.58~1.99 시간으로서 그람음성균 및 그람양성균 모두에 대해서 긴 PAE를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.142-145
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• 2013

장 통합성은 가금 성장과 육 생산의 유전적 잠재력 발현을 충분히 하기 위한 사료 영양소들의 최고 이용에 필요한 장 건강 유지로 정의 될 수 있다. 장 건강은 장 통합성과 사료 첨가제들의 선정에 미치는 단백질의 양과 질이나 산패지방의 사용과 같은 영양적 결정과 사료 원료들의 영양범위를 아는 것이 중요하다. 전통적으로 사료 중 항생물질 사용은 장 건강 유지를 위한 최선의 선택이었다. 그러나 가금생산에 전세계적 항생물질 과사용(過使用)으로 항생제 내성 세균이 출현하는 원인이 되었다. 사료 중 항생제 사용으로 발생하는 내성 미생물에 관한 우려는 장내 병원균에 대한 예방제제 및 성장 촉진제 양쪽으로 작용하는 대체 제품을 찾는 연구를 발생시켰다. 씨트렉스는 성장 촉진제로서 그리고 가금 위장관내 내 병원성 세균의 증식억제제를 대표한다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2006

Efforts have been made to explore the possibility of using garlic as an antimicrobial therapeutic agent since garlic extract and its individual sulfur compounds show antimicrobial activities against all kinds of microorganisms including bacteria, molds, yeasts and protozoa. Staphylococcus aureus has been the most studied bacteria along with many other Gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria, including species of the genera Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Salmonella and Shigella. Candida albicans has been the most studied among the eukaryotic microorganisms. A pathogenic protozoa, Giardia intestinalis, was also tested. All the microorganisms tested was inhibited by garlic extract or its sulfur components. Garlic has been known to be growth inhibitory only when fresh garlic is crushed, since allicin-generating reaction is enzyme-catalyzed. Allicin is known to be growth inhibitory through a non-specific reaction with sulfhydryl groups of enzyme proteins that are crucial to the metabolism of microorganisms. Another plausible hypothesis is that allicin inhibits specific enzymes in certain biological processes, e.g. acetyl CoA synthetase in fatty acid synthesis in microorganisms. Allicin transforms into other compounds like ajoene and various sulfides which are also inhibitory to microorganisms, but not as potent as their mother compound. It is reported recently that garlic heated at cooking temperatures is growth inhibitory especially against yeasts, and that the growth inhibitory compound is allyl alcohol thermally generated from alliin in garlic.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The progression of aging and the increase in musculoskeletal diseases have led to an increase in invasive treatment methods, including various surgical methods, but conservative treatment should be attempted before surgical treatment in musculoskeletal diseases. Medication for pain control, such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid, opioids, antidepressants, etc., is one of the most popular methods for pain control. If the pain receptors on peripheral organ are stimulated, pain is transmitted to the brain by the ascending pathway, and the brain then secretes endogenous opioids, such as endorphin, by the descending pathway for pain control. Opioids are substances that act on the opioid receptors, and there are three receptors for opioids. The affinity for each receptor varies according to the tissue and the patient's systemic status. Antidepressants work on the synapses in the central nervous system and its main mechanism is regulation of the ascending pathway. This is mainly effective in chronic pain and neuropathic pain, which is similar in effectiveness to opioids. This review focuses on the effectiveness, method of use, and side effects of opioids and antidepressants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.110-111
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• 2000

액젓의 발효 과정에서 단백질 화합물은 효소 및 미생물의 작용에 의하여 분해되어 맛에 영향을 미치는 유리아미노산 및 저분자 질소화합물 혹은 부패 지표 활용 가능한trimethylamine, ammonia 및 dimethylamine까지 분해되고(Beddow, 1985), 핵산 관련물질은 uric acid까지, 지질은 분해되어 주로 액젓의 냄새에 관여하는 휘발성 성분을 생성한다(Jay, 1966; Nozawa et al., 1979). 액젓 품질에 영향을 미치는 인자는 크게 어종, 염의 형태, 시료어와 염의 혼합비, minor ingredient, 발효 조건 등으로 분류할 있으며, 이 중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 원료 물질은 어육과 염으로서 어육은 발효 중 효소 및 미생물 작용의 기질로 제공되고, 염은 발효 중 미생물의 형태나 병원성 미생물의 생성을 억제한다. (중략)

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.152-157
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• 2018

Opioid aberrant behavior is an emerging problem as strong opioid is increasingly used to alleviate cancer pain in patients with cancer. Although the treatment of opioid addiction and physical dependence for non-cancer pain is well known, few studies have been conducted with cancer patients, particularly in the Korean population. Presented here are ten cases of cancer patients who were physically dependent on strong opioid and successfully treated with a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist, buprenorphine. This is the first report showing the efficacy of transdermal buprenorphine as a treatment for physical dependence on opioid medication in cancer patients.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2022

Entomopathogenic fungi can be used to control a variety of sucking and chewing insects, with little effect on beneficial insects and natural enemies. Approximately 170 entomopathogenic fungal insecticides have been registered and used worldwide, with the recent focus being on the mode of action and mechanism of insect-fungal interactions. During the initial period of research and development, the industrialization of entomopathogenic fungi focused on the selection of strains with high virulence. However, improvement in productivity, including securing resistance to environmental stressors, is a major issue that needs to be solved. Although conidia are the primary application propagules, efforts are being made to overcome the limitations of blastospores to improve the economic feasibility of the production procedure. Fungal transformation is also being conducted to enhance insecticidal activity, and molecular biology is being used to investigate functions of various genes. In the fungi-based pest management market, global companies are setting up cooperative platforms with specialized biological companies in the form of M&As or partnerships with the aim of implementing a tank-mix strategy by combining chemical pesticides and entomopathogenic fungi. In this regard, understanding insect ecology in the field helps in providing more effective fungal applications in pest management, which can be used complementary to chemicals. In the future, when fungal applications are combined with digital farming technology, above-ground applications to control leaf-dwelling pests will be more effective. Therefore, for practical industrialization, it is necessary to secure clear research data on intellectual property rights.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2011

Benzylideneacetone (BZA) is a compound derived from culture broth of an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila (Xn). Its immunosuppressive activity is caused by its inhibitory activity against eicosanoid biosynthesis. This BZA is being developed as an additive to enhance control efficacy of other commercial microbial insecticides. This study was focused on the enhancement of the immunosuppressive activity of BZA by generating its chemical derivatives toward decrease of its hydrophobicity. Two hydroxylated BZA and one sugar-conjugated BZA were chemically synthesized. All derivatives had the inhibitory activities of BZA against phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) and phenoloxidase (PO) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, but BZA was the most potent. Mixtures of any BZA derivative with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) significantly increased pathogenicity of Bt. BZA also inhibited colony growth of four plant pathogenic fungi. However, BZA derivatives (especially the sugar-conjugated BZA) lost the antifungal activity. These results indicated that BZA and its derivatives inhibited catalytic activities of two immune-associated enzymes ($PLA_2$ and PO) of P. xylostella and enhanced Bt pathogenicity. We suggest its use to control plant pathogenic fungi.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1304-1316
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• 2009

This study is for the pursuit of the basic application of the efficient conversion factor in the fee contract. This aims to investigate the effects of DEA efficiency index and conversion factors to identify and group the 60 hospitals with intern and residents education. To achieve the aims, AHP was used to select the inuput and output variables for DEA. It was found that the more inefficient in the technical and scale side, the higher the conversion factors were. Conversion factor and DEA efficiency index can be used very effectively to group and discriminant hospitals into a specialized general hospital and a general hospital. Even if the variables used to calculate DEA efficiency are applied to discriminant analysis, The conversion factor and DEA efficiency index have a significant power to make a function modeling. So, if we can make a more conclusive proof based on the large number samples, We can imagine to introduce a efficiency concept in the insurance fee contracts about a conversion factor in Korea Health Insurance System.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (B. polyfermenticus SCD) has been appropriately used for the therapy of long-term intestinal disorders, because live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces the most antibiotic-related materials. In the present study, B. polyfermenticus SCD was fermented with soybeans (BPFS) and its probiotic properties were investigated. B. polyfermenticus SCD and BPFS showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive (Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Lactococcus garviae) and Gram-negative (Flexibacter tractuosus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio ordalii) bacteria and moulds (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae). Sebastes schlegeli were used to examine survival rate and cleanup action by BPFS. Bacterial infection resulted in a mortality of up to 99% in the commercial fodder fed groups. BPFS both enhanced the growth rate of fry by improving their appetite and had cleaned by decreased eutrophication. Therefore, it seems appropriate that BPFS should be developed as an antibiotic replacement, favorable fodder additive, and antifungal material in fish farming systems.