• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2008

Introduction : Korean red ginseng has been shown to have an preventive effect on atheroma formation and enhancing effect on nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cell inducing vasodilatation. However, there are few studies showing the effect of Korean red ginseng on blood pressure and vascular(endothelial) pathologic changes together. We designed this study to show changes of blood pressure and vascular pathologic findings with Korean red ginseng administration compared with Chinese red ginseng and control for 3 months in rats. Materials and methods : We studied the in vitro hypotensive effect and effect on vascular pathologic changes of Korean red ginseng compared with Chinese red ginseng and control. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups(Korean red ginseng, Chinese red ginseng and control) and evaluated by blood pressure and aortic vascular(endothelial) pathologic changes monthly during 3-month administration. All results were analyzed by paired T-test, ANOVA and post-hoc. Results : Blood pressure lowering effect was noted on Korean red ginseng and Chinese red ginseng compared to control. Especially, in Korean red ginseng group, hypotensive effect was showed in first and second month, but, in Chinese red ginseng group, it was just noted in first month. In case of vascular(aortic endothelial) pathologic finding, endothelial wall thickening and elastic fiber tearing were noted in Chinese red ginseng group compared with Korean red ginseng group and control with statistical significance.(p<0.05) Discussion : These results suggested Korean red ginseng could have more hypotensive effect and maintenance rather than Chinese red ginseng. And the difference of hypotensive effect between Korean red ginseng and Chinese red ginseng might has some association with difference of vascular pathologic findings in each group. However, further evaluation and research of other mechanism will be needed to convince this hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.701-707
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• 2008

Antidiabetic effect of Korean red ginseng (RG) processed by puffing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (DM) rats was investigated. Five week-old SD rats were divided into four groups; normal control (NC) group, DM group, red ginseng (RG) group and puffed red ginseng (PG) group. The RG and PG groups were orally provided with RG or PG dissolved in water (500 mg/kg) respectively for seven weeks after single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.v.) followed by identification of DM. NC group received saline vehicle instead of STZ. At the end of feeding of RG or PG, the changes of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and amylase level and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. Also, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), comet assay and histopathological examination were performed. At 7th week, the fasting blood glucose levels of the RG and PG groups were reduced compared to the DM group by 11.54% and 20.22%, respectively. The result of OGTT did not show significant differences among DM and two red ginseng groups. While serum insulin and TG levels were predominantly improved in PG group (p<0.05), serum amylase level was increased in RG group. Alkaline comet assay for checking the oxidative damage of DNA showed that TL (tail length, ${\mu}m$) and TM (tail moment) in the blood lymphocyte of PG group significantly decreased in contrast with DM group. Histopathological results of pancreas showed that destruction of exocrine as well as endocrine might be cured by the administration of RG and PG. These results suggest that PG could exert more protection against STZ-induced toxicity than RG group.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

Purpose: To purpose of this study was to review the long-term follow up results of surgical treatment of the localized pigmented villonodular synovitis in the knee. Materials and Methods: We evaluated and analyzed 6 patients (6 cases) who underwent arthroscopy and excisional biopsy as pigmented villonodular synovitis from March 1988 to June 2002. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by pathologic findings. All patients had been managed with arthroscopic excision, but two patients underwent mini-open excision. The recurrence was evaluated by the loss of preoperative symptom and physical examination for range of motion, pain and finding of swelling. Results: According to the arthroscopic findings, all patients had localized form of pigmented villonodular synovitis. Three patients had pedunculated type (one of them had torsion) and the two patients had nodular type and one patient had mixed type. All patients had improvement in pain, swelling and range of motion and there was no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: In terms of long term follow up results, precise preoperative diagnosis and the adequate surgical treatment, especially arthroscopic excision for the localized pigmented villonodular synovitis, would be considered one of the fundamental modality to expect the good results.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

The edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi is a commercially important fisheries resource in Korea. However, for the last several years, outbreaks of mass mortalities of the species have been occurring along the south and east coasts of Korea, where most ascidians are produced. Although it is known that tunic-softness syndrome is associated with these mortality events, the agent causing the syndrome has not yet been confirmed. To determine the agent causing tunic-softness syndrome, healthy and diseased ascidians were collected in March 2011 from Tongyeong, on the south coast of Korea, and were used for biological and pathological investigations. The results showed that diseased ascidians exhibited remarkably reduced body fluid, fatness index, and tunic index compared with healthy specimens. Interestingly, bi-flagellated protozoans were observed specifically in the tissue imprints and tunic cultures of diseased ascidians at an occurrence rate of 97.5%. Histological observation showed that the thickness of the tunics of diseased ascidians was reduced by half, and irregular structure and breakdown of the tunic fiber bundles were observed. In particular, flagellate-like cells were observed in the diseased ascidians. Our study clearly shows that bi-flagellated protists are present only in the softened ascidians, suggesting that the flagellates are partly or entirely associated with soft-tunic syndrome. Accordingly, further investigations to verify the effects of the flagellates found in the present study on soft-tunic syndrome should be conducted.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

To elucidate alteration of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity of peripheral lymphocytes and helper/inducer and suppressor/cytototxic T cells in patients with thyroid tumors, the author examined PNP activity, and $CD4^+\;and\;CD8^+$ cells of peripheral blood in 20 cases of simple goiter, 9 cases of thyroid adenoma and 20 cases of thyroid cancer as well as 11 cases of adult healthy subjects as control. Diagnoses were established on the basis of commonly accepted clinical and biochemical criteria in simple goiter and were confirmed histopathologically in thyroid adenoma and cancer. All blood was obtained from veins of the patients and control subjects in Pusan National University Hospital during the period of January to August, 1991. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The PNP activity was significantly decreased or tended to be decreased in thyroid adenomas and cancers as compared with control subjects and simple goiters. 2) The percentage of CD8 cells was significantly decreased or tended to be decreased in thyroid cancers as compared with simple goiters, thyroid adenomas and control subjects. 3) The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly increased or tended to be increased in thyroid cancer as compared with simple goiters, thyroid adenomas and control subjects. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that the immunodysfunction in thyroid cancer may be due to decreased suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, and the estimation of PNP activity of peripheral lymphocyte is a helpful test in detecting the immune status in thyroid tumors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

From march 1989 to October 1993, 57 patients were diagnosed and operated for primary non-small cell lung cancer, and evaluated clinically. 1. There were 45 males and 12 females (M:F=3.8:1), and the peak incidence of age was 6th decade of life (45.6%). In the preoperative diagnostic methods and their positive rate, sputum cytology was 11%, bronchial washing cytology 50%, bronchoscopic biopsy 73%, and CT guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy 83%. 3. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma was 56.1%, adenocarcinoma 22.8%, bronchioloal veolar cell carcinoma 1%, and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma 1.8%. 4. In the operation, pneumonectomy was 35.1%, lobectomy 38.6%, bilobectomy 3.5%, segmentec tony 7%, and exploratory thoracotomy 15.8%, and overall resectability was 84.2%. 5. In postoperative stagings, stage I was 28.1%, st ge II 22.8%, stage IIIa 31.6% and stage IIIb 17.5%. 6. Postoperative complications were developed in 11 cases (19.3%) and operative mortality was none. 7. One year survival rate in rejectable cases was 87.0%, 2 year 61.6% and 5 year 44.9%. According to stage, 3 year survival rate was 75.8% in stage I, 16.9% in stage II, 60.9% in stage IIIa, 50% in stage IIIb.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2001

내분비계 장애물질 중 관찰물질로 지정된 bisphenol A(BPA)의 투여가 생쥐의 번식 효율에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 웅성 ICR 생쥐에 무처리구, corn oil, 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA/kg b.w의 BPA을 3일 간격으로 5회 투여했으며, 자성 ICR 생쥐도 웅성생쥐와 동일하게 3일 간격으로 5회 투여한 후, 웅성은 투여후 2일, 자성은 7일후에 모든검사를 실시하였다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 번식기관무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 체중, 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며(P>0.05), 정소의 무게는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 다소 낮은 무게를 나타냈다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 생존율과 유효 정자수는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으나 총정자수는 각각 35.50, 35.73, 36.33, 33.13 및 29.28$\times$$10^{7}$ 정자/$m\ell$로서 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 결과을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 기형율은 5.0mg 투여구가 23.15%로서 무처리구(18.13%), 대조구(18.58%) 및 0.05mg 투여구(19.68%)보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 기형율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 웅성 생쥐에 BPA의 투여가 혈액의 일반성분에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈다. BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 번식기관무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 체중은 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며 자궁의 무게는 BPA 투여구가 대조구에 비해 다소 논은 무게를 나타냈다. 오른쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 각각 0.0059 및 0.0061g으로 대조구(0.0081g)와 0.05mg 투여구(0.0071g)보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈으며, 왼쪽 난소의 무게는 각각 0.0076, 0.0076, 0.0058 및 0.0061g으로 0.5mg 투여구가 대조구와 0.05mg 투여구보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈다(P<0.05). BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 혈구화학치에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈다. PLT는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직, 병리학적인 검사에서는 모든 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

Fumonisin B$_1$ is hepatotoxic in all species, but liver carcinogenic and nephrotoxic in rat. Our objective was to investigate the effects of multiple iv dose of FB$_1$. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously (iv) with FB$_1$ at 1 mg/kg singly (T1), or daily for 2 (T2) or 3 (T3). T1 rats did not show any cytotoxicity in both liver and kidney. However, the most dramatic change occurred in this group was mitotic figures in liver, which increased 5.5-fold to that of control. Hepatotoxic effects were shown in T3, based on histopathology and serum chemistry. A few scattered single cell deaths occurred primarily in the centrilobular area of the liver in T2. Similar but more lesions in liver and a small number of degenerating cells with hypereosinophilic cytoplasm in outer stripe of medulla of kideny were found in T3 rats. Serum chemical profiles included liver enzymes increased, in which cholesterol was very sensitive. This study suggests that multiple exposure of low dose FB$_1$ cause cytotoxic in the liver earlier time point than kideny. FB$_1$$ also stimulates mitosis in liver that may be associated with carcinogenesis.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1993

The major limitation of fine needle aspiration of the thyroid is in the evaluation of follicular tumors. it may be difficult or occasionally, impossible to distinguish on a cytologic basis, between hyperplastic nodular getter, follicular adenoma and well differentiated follicular carcinoma. We reviewed cytologic presentations of 15 histologically confirmed follicular neoplasms of the thyroid. Aspiration smears of 6 follicular adenomas were cell-rich with ball-like or syncytial aggregates of monotonous follicular cells, in contrast to honeycomb-like flat sheets of adenomatous goiter Mild nuclear pleomorphism and a small visible nucleolus were noted in 2 cases, respectively. Nine cases of follicular carcinoma showed very high cellularity, irregularly shaped cell clusters, and numerous isolated tumor cells. Nuclear pleomorphism and visible nucleoli were noted in 6 and 5 cases, respectively. Another characteristic finding, entrapped endothelial cells within the ceil clusters, was noted in 7 carcinomas and 1 adenoma. The background of the smears of all follicular neoplasms was hemorrhagic, with no or scanty colloid. We confirmed that the cytologic features of follicular adenoma and carcinoma were similar in general, with subtle differences in cell morphology, but the presence of isolated tumor cells and entrapped endothelial cells was suggestive of malignancy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

To evaluate an effect of pathological liver damage on the toluene metabolism, the rate were induced acute liver damage with 3 times $CCl_4$ injection (0.1 ml of 50 % in olive oil/100 g body wt.) three days. In the present animal molel, the injection of toluene(0.3 ml of 50 % in olive oil) showed the more decreased urine hippuric acid throughout 24 hr in the liver damage induced animals($CCl_4$-pretreated rats) than normal group. The activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase, benzylalcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase were significantly decreased in $CCl_4$-pretreated rats than the normal group at 24 hr after injection of toluene. Furthermore, the benzaldehyde dehydrogenase in pooled liver of $CCl_4$-pretreated rats showed similiar $K_m$ value, but showed the more decreased $V_{max}$ value compared with the normal group by the injection of toluene. These results suggest that the rats induced liver damage with $CCl_4$ may reduce the toluene metabolism.