• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2001

열전재료는 열전현상을 가지고 있어 열전발전과 열선냉각이 가능하기 때분에 해저용, 우주용, 군사용의 특수 전원으로 이미 실용화되어있고, 반도체, 레이저 다이오드, 적외선 검출소자 등의 냉각기로 쓰여지고 있어 많은 연구자들이 이들 재료에 대한 연구에 관을 갖고 열전특성을 향상시키기 위하여 많은 연구를 진행하고 있다 이들 열전재료는 사용 온도구역에 따라 3종류로 구분하고 있으며, 실온부근의 저온 영역(20$0^{\circ}C$)이하에서는 $Bi_2Te_3$계 재료, 중온영역(20$0^{\circ}C$~50$0^{\circ}C$)에서sms (Pb,Ge) Te계 재료, 고온영역(50$0^{\circ}C$~lOoo$^{\circ}C$)에서는 Si-Ge계 Fe Si계 재료가 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실온에서 성능지수가 높은 Bi_2(Te,Se)_3$에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. Bi_2(Te,Se)_3$계 열전재료는 기존의 공법인 Zone melting법을 이용하는 경우 성능지수가 높으나, 단위정이 Rhombohedral 구조파 기저면(basal plane)에 벽개성이 있는 관계로 재료의 적지 않은 손실과 가공상의 어려움이 있다. 또한 사료전체에 걸쳐 화학적으로 균질한 고용체를 얻는 것도 어려운 문제점으보 부각되고 있디 따라서 이와같은 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 용질원자의 편석감소, 고용도의 증가, 균일 고용체 형성, 결정립의 미세화등의 장점이 있는 급속응고법을 본 연구에 응용하였다. 본 연구에서는 위에서와 같은 급속응고의 장점과 대량 가공이 능늪한 연간압출공정을 이용하여 제조된 분말을 성형화 하였다. 특히 열간압출 가공에 있어서 압축다이 각 변화는 재료의 소성유동에 매우 중요한 역하을 하게되며, 이와 갇은 소성유동은 본 재료의 열전특성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 C 면 배양에 중요한 역할을 한 것으 로 기대된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 압출다이 각도 변화에 따른 미세조직변화와 이들 조직이 강도와 열전특성에 미치는 영향을 석하고자 한다. 압출재의 미세조직은 XRD(X Ray Diffraction), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy)으로 분석하였으며, 열전특성인 Seebeck계수($\alpha$)와 전기비저항( $\rho$ )은 열전측정장치로, 기계적 강도는 MTS장비를 이용하여 이루어졌다. 또한 압축다이각도 변화에 따른 결정방위 해석은 모노크로미터가 장착된 X RD장비감 이용하여 분석되었다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2004

Enterococcus faecium MJ5-14 isolated from Meju produced a bacteriocin, which was antagonistic towards Listeria monocytogenes. Bacteriocin activity reached a maximum (640 BU/mL) after incubation for 12 hr, the early stationary phase, then dropped after the late stationary phase. Bacterocin of E. faecium MJ5-14 was extremely active against a wide range of Listeria species, including L. monocytogenes with sensitives up to about 640 BU/mL. In case of mixed culture with 105 CFU/mL L. monocytogenes and 105 CFU/mL E. faecium MJ5-14, the inhibitory effect against L. monocytogenes at $37^{\circ}C$ was higher than at $25^{\circ}C$. The mode of action was identified as bactericidal, because the addition of 100 BU/mL this bacteriocin to cell suspensions of L. monocytogenes KCTC 3569, led to a marked decrease in the number of viable cells. Further, when held in contact with bacteriocin of E. faecium MJ15-14 for 12 hr, L. monocytogenes KCTC 3569 displayed the disruption of the cells and an important efflux of the intracellular material.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1986

'Shingo' pears were seal-packaged in polyethylene (PE) film with different thickness of 0.04. 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08mm and stored for five months in an experimental storehouse with the temperature varyine 0 to $7^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity varying 86 to 89%. The atmosphere in PE film bags was modified to 5-l4% oxygen with 3-5% carbon dioxide depending on the film thickness and the storage period. Packaging of pears with PE film effectively reduced the weight loss, which resulted in good appearance after 5 months' storage, while non-packaged pears showed a slight wilt. Decay occurrence was not significantly different among the treatments. but role browning occurred a little more in packaged lots than in non-packaged lot. The sensory panel rated the pears front 0.07mm-thick bag highest in flavor, texture, and juiciness, which might be due to the high sugar content and low titratable acidity. The firmness of pear flesh decreased with the stogare time and its change was found to be highly correlated with that of cellulase activity (correlation coefficient= -0.946). Thisresult indicated that cellulase might be one of the enzymes responsible for the softening of pear fruit during storage.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to design an imitation boiler similar to the waste heat boiler installed on a plasma melting furnace in order to acquire a capability of a thermal design as to the circulation of heat and the discharge of noxious gas inside a boiler and to improve the efficiency of a waste heat boiler using the CFD (Computation Fluid Dynamics) program. The position of corrosion and the generation of a clinker inside a boiler due to temperature changes, combustion gas flows, and corrosive gases inside a boiler are examined to design the structure of an efficient boiler and recycle energy. As a result of this research, the boiler installed on a plasma melting furnace met the conditions of design by cooling the combustion gases discharged after the second combustion from an exhaust port, originally at 1,200 degrees Celsius, down to around 450 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, the circulation of corrosive gases (SOx and HCL) may lead to the generation of corrosion or a clinker in the upper and lower parts of an exhaust port more easily than any other parts of a boiler. Accordingly, the corrosion on the inside and outside walls of a boiler may result in a shortened lifespan of a boiler and an inability to recycle waste heat in an efficient manner. A prevention against corrosion at high and low temperatures needs to be considered in detail.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2000

The $Pb_{0.94}Y_{0.04}[(Zr_{0.6}Sn_{0.4})_{0.915}Ti_{0.085}]O_3$ ceramics which corresponded to the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase boundary composition were prepared for digital-type-piezoelectric/electrostrictive device application. Their dielectric, field-induced polarization (P) and strain (X) behaviors were studied with variations in sintering condition and excess PbO content. The orthorhombic structure of specimens was hardly affected either by excess PbO addition or sintering temperature. With increasing excess PbO content, grains tended to be smaller and rounded ones, and the optimum sintering temperature was lowered. Excess PbO addition stabilized the antiferroelectric phase of the specimen effectively, which was confirmed by P-E and X-E analyses. Also the digital-type-strain character was found to be enhanced despite of slight increase in phase transition (AFE-FE) field and electrical resistivity, and decrease in maximum strain. These results were explained in terms of possible lattice defects and domain wall motion.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2007

Titania nanotube(TiNT) and CdS sol were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction under strongly basic condition and by precipitation reaction of $Cd(N0_3)_2$ and $Na_2S$ aqueous solutions, respectively. After preparing a series of CdS-TiNT composite films on $F:SnO_2$ conducting glass with variation of the mole ratio (r) of TiNT/(CdS+TiNT), their visible light absorption, photocatalytic activities for hydrogen production, and the photocurrent generation were examined. In general, this CdS-TiNT series showed lower photocatalytic activities and photocurrent generation under Xe light irradiation compared to their counterparts, i.e., CdS-$TiO_2$ particulate series. It appeared that TiNTs are not so effective photocatalyic material in spite of their larger specific surface areas compared to $TiO_2$ nanoparticles, because they indicate a poor crystallinity and less intimate interaction or contact with CdS particles owing to the tubular morphology and an easy agglomeration among themselves.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.401-405
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• 2004

Undoped SrB $i_2$T $a_2$O$_{9}$, donor-doped Sr$_{0.99}$B $i_2$(Ta$_{0.99}$W$_{0.01}$)$_2$O$_{9}$ and acceptor-doped SrB $i_2$(Ta$_{0.99}$Ti$_{0.01}$)$_2$O$_{8.99$ ceramics were prepared and their microstructure, ferroelectric P-E hysteresis and Curie temperature were investigated. Grain size did not influence P-E hysteresis curve in undoped SrB $i_2$T $a_2$O$_{9}$ ceramics. Donor-Doped Sr$_{0.99}$B $i_2$(Ta$_{0.99}$W$_{0.01}$)$_2$O$_{9}$ ceramics showed more saturated P-E hysteresis curve with larger remanent polarization (P$_{r}$) than undoped SrB $i_2$T $a_2$O$_{9}$ ceramics while acceptor-doped SrB $i_2$(Ta$_{0.99}$Ti$_{0.01}$)$_2$O$_{8.99}$ ceramics led to a pinched P-E hysteresis loop. Larger polarization in donor-doped Sr$_{0.99}$B $i_2$(Ta$_{0.99}$W$_{0.01}$)$_2$O$_{9}$ ceramics resulted from easier domain wall motion by Sr-vacancies.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.2 s.73
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• pp.129-138
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• 1995

DNA fragment being able to restore in vitro activity of ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase was cloned by transformation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LP353 mutant strain with genomic library constructed in the YCp50. For the selection of transformants which showed no detectable phenotype linked to recovery of the defect in ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase activity, the colony autoradiography was succesfully applied. The restriction map of the cloned DNA fragment, which is 8.5-kb in length, was constructed. Both the YEplac195 and the YCp50 carrying the 8.5-kb fragment increased ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase activity of LP353 by two fold. Neither the YEplac195 nor the YCp50 carrying the 8.5-kb DNA fragment, however, complemented the temperature-dependent osmotic sensitivity which is another distinctive phenotype of LP353. Subcloning experiments indicated that a functional region was located in 4.8-kb BglII-KpnI fragment. The 4.8-kb fragment was also able to increase the level of ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ content in cell wall as well as the resistance of cells to cell wall lytic enzyme, ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$. The growth rate of the LP353 with 4.8-kb fragment was almost same as that of wild type strain in liquid medium with 1.2 M sorbitol at nonpermissive temperature. Taken these results together, the 4.8-kb fragment seemed to contain the BGS2 gene for ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase activity in yeast S. cerevisiae.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2011

In this study, we calculated the smoke movement at the fire area of the refuge floor which has the refuge safety area in case of fire in the high rise building by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code of FLUENT (ver. 13.0). The buoyancy plume was applied using the temperature and flow velocity which represent 10 MW heat release rate in order to describe the fire, and the smoke movement was predicted using a species conservation equation. The pressurization system of smoke control was adopted with smoke control damper in refuge safety area, at the result, it is confirmed that the damper capacity was enough to smoke control in which the flow rate of supply was applied 25 $m^3/s$ in the case of the door at fire area opened only, and 50 $m^3/s$ in the doors at the fire area and lobby both opened case. They were satisfied in NFSC 501-A. Even though the door of fire area closed, there were smoke leakages at the gap between the door and wall. In addition, the refugee could be isolated in the fire area when the door of fire area closed during smoke control in the case of using the high damper flow rate of supply, 50 $m^3/s$. Therefore the proper damper flow rate of supply are needed in order to prevent the damage of refugee and this study proposes the suitable condition of damper capacity according to refuge scenario.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 1991

Serratia marcescens CK-3, decomposing chitin which is a mar component of cell wall in phyitopathogenic fungi, was isolated from the continuous cropping rhizosphere of pepper and cucumber and its enzymatic property was examined. S. marcescens CK-3 was found tn have an tagonistic effects against, Fusarium axysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and to have complex enzyme system such as chitinase, laminarinase, and proteinase. The preferable composition of the medium for production of chitinase was fond and was as follows : colloidal chitin 1.5%, tryptone 0.5%, glucose 1.0%, peptone 0.2%, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.1%,\;K_2HPO_4\;0.1%,\;and\;NaCl\;0.1%$(w/v), pH 6.8. The maximum enzyme production was observed after culture of 72 hours at $30^{\circ}C$ using a medium containing the above chemical composition. The optimal pH and temperature for in vitro activity of chitinase from S. marcescens CK-3 were pH 7.5 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme activity in-creased by metal ions such as$Ag^+$ and $Mn^{++}$.