• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2008

1989~91년과 2004~7년에 이루어진 법정근로시간 단축이 실근로시간과 고용, 실질임금에 미친 영향을 분석했다. 통상적인 회귀분석과 벡터오차수정 모형을 병행해서 추정한 결과 확인된 사실은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 법정근로시간 단축으로 실근로시간과 월근로일수가 감소했다. 법정근로시간을 10% 단축할 때 실근로시간은 8.0% 감소하고 월근로일수는 3.0% 감소했다. 둘째, 법정근로시간 단축에 따른 실근로시간 단축은 고용증가로 이어졌다. 근로시간을 10% 단축할 때 단기적으로는 고용증가 폭이 미미하지만, 장기적으로 취업자는 8.5%, 노동자는 13.1% 증가했다. 셋째, 실근로시간 단축으로 시간당임금은 증가했다. 즉 실근로시간이 10% 단축될 때 시간당임금은 장기적으로 13.3% 증가했다. 그러나 월임금총액은 유의미한 영향을 받지 않았다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33-78
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• 2002

This study analyzes effects of the proposed reduction of legal working hours in Korea in which base wage is unchanged with working hours reduction. The theoretical analysis shows that a reduction of legal working hours would result in less than equal size reduction of actual working hours, and increase in wages. On the other hand, the effects on employment is ambiguous depending on the substitution effect and scale effect. An empirical analysis based on macro-economic model simulation supports the theoretical conjecture. It has been found that with the reduction of legal working hours, real wages and consumption increase while actual working hours decreases about half of the legal hours reduction. In addition, the immediate and outright imposition of legal hours reduction on all sectors of the economy is found to create a cost push inflation and reduce GDP, investment, and employment. This negative effects are lessened as the reduction of legal hours is gradually made and/or some measures to absorb the cost shock such as abolition of paid monthly leave are employed together.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-34
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• 2002

This paper investigates the effects of hours reduction on growth, investment, and consumption as well as employment. We adopt the basic framework of the indivisibility of labor developed by Hansen (1985) and Rogerson (1988) and extend it by allowing heterogeneity of workers in productive efficiency. On the basis of monthly panel data constructed from Economically Active Population Surveys and Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, we estimate the value of productive efficiency parameter of newly hired workers relative to existing workers by considering differences between the two groups in unobservable as well as observable worker characteristics. Numerical simulation of steady states demonstrates that reduction of statutory weekly hours from 44 to 40 leads to a rise in employees by 4.9 percent. However, GNP, investment, and consumption are all reduced by 2.03 percent, which is attributed to reduction in the amount of effective labor input, which in turn comes from reduction of actual average hours and productivity differences between exiting and newly hired workers.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.13-38
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• 2001

The question about whether a shorter workweek may increase employment has been a serious issue and been furiously debated among collective bargainers. The advocators recommend publicly that a reduction in standard working hours will provide benefits to the unemployed through the provision of new jobs, and also can improve the quality of life workers. The opponents argue that a shorter workweek will increase labor costs and induce firms to reduce their production levels, and consequently cut back their demand for labor. Although the debate is still continuing, considerable has been made toward achieving the goal workweek reduction. The analytical framework of this paper is a Putty-clay-model, in which the short-and long-term impacts of changes in working time on the employment associated with the interrelations of wages, prices, hourly labour productivity, the firm's labor demand, business cycle and economic growth etc. must be analyzed.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2014

We use a set of Korea panel data to estimate effects of legal working hours reduction on actual hours worked and employment effects, through panel econometrics methods. Taking account of sequential decrease in legal hours worked since 2004, we estimate the relationship between legal and actual working hours by size of industries. It is found that one hour reduction of legal hours per week caused 0.44 to 1.05 actual hours worked on average per week, depending on different industrial sizes. Also, estimated employment effects were not unanimously determined, rather they turn out to be clearly size-dependent, which provide different results from exiting literature. Our analysis proposed in this work can be restrictive as, for instance, there is significant lack of data for foreign workers, particularly in the small-sized industries. Subsequent empirical analysis is expected.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.83-100
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• 2012

This paper estimates the impacts of introducing the 40 hour work week standard in South Korea on actual working hours, wages and employment. We exploit variation in timing of implementing the 40 hour work week standard across industries and establishment size and estimate the causal effects by a triple difference model. Our results show that the 40 hour work week standard decreased actual working hours by about 43 minutes while it increased hourly wage rate by 6.6%. The probability of new hires decreased by about 2.3% points.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.316-322
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• 2002

In case of reducing working time, it is difficult that the construction industry is analyzed far-reaching effects caused by a reduction of working time, by approaching with just the total amount of work. Because it has the properties such as the singularity, the outdoor using, a sense of the season unlike other industries. In order to analyze the effect of a reduction of working time on the construction industry, the example of a reduction of working time in domestic other industries related with it was analyzed intensively first. And an example in Japan, which is similar to our existing related laws and industrial structure among foreign construction industries was analyzed, and a relation with the domestic construction industries and an issue were drown a conclusion. This was applied to a field worker and a related main group participating in a real production. And it showed the prediction model for a working pattern and a dealing plan to prepare in a construction site by predicting a working pattern in the management side of a construction site annually.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

After the new standards for labor hours has been released, various problems come up in construction field, such as income reduction of employees, extension of construction period and increased construction cost. Although it is expected that the impact of the new standard on the construction industry is more worse than other industries form the view of productivity, not much works have been done to identify those impacts. Thus, this research proposes the standard construction processes, excavation cycle, and unit construction period for NATM tunnel project based on 'Construction Standard Production Rates.'The study also investigated the impact of reduced labor hours on the management of work crews, construction periods and costs of tunnel projects. The results showed that under the 52 labor hour standard, the construction periods for the excavation work and whole project was increased by 20% and 8.9%, respectively, but the construction costs for the excavation work and whole project was decreased by 1.4% and 0.6%, respectively.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
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• v.2
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• pp.47-102
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• 2017

오늘날 대다수의 선진 국가들은 고령화 사회에 대비하여 자국의 노후소득보장 제도를 대대적으로 개혁해 오고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에서도 지난 2015년 사학연금제도의 개혁이 이러한 취지에 해당될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회의 문제가 단순히 노인부양비용의 증가 그 자체가 아니라, 평균수명의 증가에도 불구하고 늘어나게 된 노후의 삶에 대한 시간적 배분이 근로와 여가에 걸쳐 균형적으로 이루어지지 않고, 사회적 부양을 필요로 하는 노후의 여가만 일방적으로 늘어나고 있다는 점을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 따라서 이러한 차원에서 볼 때 고령화 사회의 문제는 생애근로기간의 연장을 통해서만 효과적으로 극복할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다, 하지만 이와는 반대로 개인별로 건강상태나 가족상황 등의 이유로 생애근로주기의 연장이 불가능한 사람들을 위하여 별도의 제도적 장치가 추가적으로 마련되어야 할 것이다. 종합해 보면, 고령화 사회의 노동시장 문제는 개인별로 다양한 욕구나 능력을 반영하여 각자에게 다양한 선택권을 보장해 줄 수 있는 방향으로 개선되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회에 대비하여 연금수급연령 상향조정의 필요성을 사학연금제도를 중심으로 살펴보고, 대신 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 소득공백문제와 연금가입경력 공백문제 등 제반의 충격을 흡수할 수 있는 제도적 장치로서 점진적 퇴직제도의 도입방안을 제안하였다. 개략적으로 사학연금제도에 있어서 점진적 퇴직모형은 법정연금수급연령의 인상 일정에 따라 다음과 같이 운영하는 방안을 제안하였다. 먼저 법정연금수급연령이 60세로 유지되는 2022년까지의 단기적 대책으로서 여기서 점진적 퇴직의 자격연령은 모든 가입자에게 60세로 적용하도록 한다. 이 경우 가입자들의 신분구분에 따라 각각 교수 5년, 교원 2년(문제해결에 대한 정책적 의지에 따라 이행구간을 확장할 수도 있음) 그리고 교직원 0년의 조기의 점진적 퇴직이 허용되므로, 현재 교원이나 교수의 임용대란문제에 효과적으로 대응을 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 다음으로는 2023년 이후 2033년 사이 법정연금수급연령의 인상단계에 해당되는 기간 동안의 대책으로서 여기서는 교수, 교원, 교직원에게 적용되는 정년연령과 매년도 법정연금수급연령 사이의 기간을 조기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간으로 정하도록 한다. 그리고 이러한 이행구간에 상당하는 기간만큼 후기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간을 별도로 설정하여 그에 적절한 혜택이 주어질 수 있도록 한다. 마지막으로 2033년 이후부터는 교수, 교사, 교직원의 신분구분 없이 모두에게 적용되는 사항으로서 65세를 기준으로 그 이전의 5년은 사학연금의 적용을 받는 조기의 점진적 퇴직 그리고 그 이후의 5년은 국민연금의 적용을 받는 후기의 점진적 퇴직이 이루어질 수 있도록 한다. 그리고 전체 10년의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간 동안 개인별로 퇴직시점이나 퇴직형태의 선택이 자유롭게 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위하여 보험수리의 원칙에 입각한 감액률 또는 가산율의 엄격한 적용을 제안하였다. 그리고 고령계층이 자신의 근로시간을 단계적으로 단축할 수 있도록 하고, 그 과정에서 발생하게 되는 소득의 감소부분은 별도의 제도적 방법(가교연금, 시간가치적립계정 등)으로 충당하도록 하는 방안을 제안하였다. 나아가 점진적 퇴직제도의 운영방식은 근로시간의 단축뿐만 아니라 작업부담의 경감 등에 대해서도 인정을 해주도록 해줌으로써 임금피크제도의 기능과 연계가 가능할 수 있도록 할 것을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-44
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• 2013

This paper surveys the existing literatures on labor demand of Korea. It has been found that labor and capital are substitutes in Korea and the result holds even if labor is decomposed into white collar and blue collar workers. The elasticity of substitution lies between 0 and 1. It is yet unclear if employment and work hours are substitutes. The reduction of legal work week did not increase employment although decreased work hours. The labor demand elasticity is below 0.5 in the short run. Since mid 1990s, the technological change has shown skill bias and therefore increased demand for skilled labor.