• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.620-628
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• 2012

This study addressed the influence of forest harvesting on seasonal water table dynamics in small headwater riparian areas. Four treatments including potential Best Management Practices(BMPs) for ephemeral and intermittent streams were implemented(BMP1, BMP2, clearcut and reference). Water table measurements were obtained at bi-monthly intervals for 3 years including one year of pre- and two years of post-harvest observations. Overall, water table responses affected largely by rainfall amount. In addition, significant increases in water table levels following harvesting occurred throughout the two post-harvest years. Water table levels increased up to 28.2cm in the clearcut treatment during 2008 and up to 54.2cm in BMP2 during 2009. However, increase in water table elevation was not directly related to basal area removal despite considerable differences in basal area removed between BMP2 and clearcut treatments. Water table rises were apparent in that water table were more elevated during dry season(June through November) than during wet season(December through May). These seasonal fluctuations were presumably driven by changes in evapotranspiration caused by differences in leaf area of overstory canopy and understory following harvest.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2003

Tree-ring chronologies can be used to date historical buildings by matching them with the chronologies of living trees or previously dated samples. Tree-ring dating gives a calendar year to each tree ring and produces the felling dates of logs or woods which had been used for buildings. In Korea, several chronologies of Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., 'sonamu' in Korean), a major species for the wooden building materials, have been developed and used for dating historical buildings. In this study, Tongmyungjeon Hall of Changkyung Palace in Seoul was dated by tree rings. The present Tongmyungjeon Hall was known to be reconstructed in A.D. 1834 after burned-out in A.D. 1790. We sampled total of 122 wood samples which were replaced during the repair process in 2002-2003. Felling dates of the samples were determined by the dendrochronological crossdating method. Crossdating method employs graphic comparison of the master patterns (ring-width chronologies of known dates) with those of the sample chronologies of unknown dates. Tree-ring dates confirmed that the reconstruction of 1834 utilized second-handed timbers as well as fresh-cut ones. The felling dates of wooden floor frames were mostly A.D. 1913, indicating the 'Ondol' floors were changed to the wooden floors around 1914 when the Japanese rulers brutally destroyed the royal Korean Palaces and transformed palace buildings to their offices or exhibition halls after occupying Korea in 1910. This study proved that tree-ring dating was a useful and accurate method to identify the critical dates for the history of Korean traditional buildings.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

During the repair and restoration of the Daewoongjeon Hall of Youngguksa Temple, species identification and tree-ring dating for both present wood elements and charred ones excavated under the Hall, were conducted. The species of 74 wood elements of Daewoongjeon Hall, were identified as Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and only 1 was identified as exotic Pinus species. The latter wood, which was used in the laths, seems to have been replaced during past repairs. Many documentary records and various artifacts pertaining to Youngguksa Temple are being excavated, but none described precisely the construction date of the present Daewoongjeon Hall. Also, from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, cornerstone and foundation of previous building and several charred wood elements were excavated. In comparing the direction of the stone columns of foundation of the previous structure and the existing Daewoongjeon Hall, the previous structure was rotated in an angle of approximately $15^{\circ}$. Therefore, in order to find the association of the previous structure with the present Daewoongjeon Hall, tree-ring dating was conducted. The dating of 41 original timbers and 14 roof-filling timbers of the present construction elements revealed that the last annual ring was of A. D. 1703 with complete latewood, indicating that those woods was cut some time between the autumn of 1703 and spring of 1704, and the building was erected in 1704 when we assume no period of wood storage. The year of the last annual ring of the charred elements, which were excavated from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, was analyzed as 1674. The cutting year of the woods used for the present building began in 1698, therefore, it can be presumed that the Daewoongjeon Hall before the fire was a structure that was elected shortly after 1674 and that a catastrophic fire occurred some time between 1674 and 1698.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

The objectives of this study was to obtain the basic information for reasonable management of soil ecosystem damaged by pine wilt disease. Soil temperature and moisture content were $15.3{^{\circ}C}$ and 11.5% at whole-cut site, $14.4{^{\circ}C}$ and 13.5% at partial-cut site, and $13.7{^{\circ}C}$ and 14.8% at control site, respectively. The content of soil organic matter throughout the study period ranged from 2.11 to 2.64% at whole-cut site, 2.26 to 3.33% at partial-cut site, and 2.27 to 3.10% at control. Soil respiration rates showed seasonal fluctuations increasing in summer, which showed positive correlations between soil respiration and soil temperature. Average soil respiration were 0.24, 0.36 and $0.32gCO_{2}/m^{2}/hr$ at whole-cut site, partial-cut site, and control, respectively. $Q_{10}$ values ranged from 2.39 to 2.68 at Pinus densiflora stands damaged by pine wilt disease. Annual soil respiration rate at whole-cut site, partial-cut site and control were 8.1, 15.6 and $14.6tCO_{2}/ha/yr$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate composition and distribution of the soil microarthropods in Pinus rigida plantations following strip-cutting from May 1998 to April 1999. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The individuals of soil microarthropods found during the research periods were 181, 904 and were identified into 21 orders in 7 classes. The classes were Arachnida, Insecta, Malacostra, Pauropoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Symphyla. 2. The population density of the soil microarthropods was 82,962 individuals at the control area, 62,688 individuals at the reserve area and 36,254 individuals at the cutting area. The microarthropods in the control area were 2 times higher than those in the cutting area. 3. Although the major dominant taxa, Acari and Collembola, decreased in densities at the cutting area, the density reduction in Acari was higher than that in Collembola. This resulted in the increase of Collembola in terms of the relative abundance at the cutting area. 4. Among the total soil microarthropods, Arachnida was 59.74%, followed by Insecta of 39.82%. Such two groups comprise 99.56% of soil microarthropods. 5. According to the relative population density, Acari was 99.18% in Arachnida and 59.25% in the total and Collembola 93.99% in Insecta and 37.42% in the total. Therefore, individuals of Acari and Collembola was 96.67% of the total individuals. And the next abundant groups were Hymenoptera (0.95%), Diptera (0.64%) and Pseudoscorpiones (0.39%). 6. The population density of the soil microarthropods fluctuated seasonally, showing the bimodal pattern, being high in fall and spring. The highest density occurred in November and the lowest in July.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2000

This study was carried ou to compare sprouting and sprout growth after the stumps of four Quercus species(Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima and Q. dentata) were cut at 20cm from the soil surface in 1996 and 2000 at Mt. Taehwa, Kwangju-Gun, Kyounggi-Do, Korea. The results obtained were as follows: ⑴ Q. mongolica showed most vigorous sprouting, followed by Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, and Q. acutissima. ⑵ The sprouting ability was more vigorous when cut in winter to earl spring than that in summer. ⑶ The initial diameter growth of the sprouts for 2 year after cutting was the highest in Q. acutissima, followed by Q. dentata, Q. mongolica and Q.variabilis, but the growth for 5years after cutting was Q. variabilis > Q. mongolica > Q. dentata > Q. acutissima. ⑷ The height growth of sprouts for 2 years after cutting was the highest in Q. acutissima and followed by Q. mongolica, Q. dentata and Q. variabilis, but the growth for 5 years after cutting was Q. variabilis > Q. mongolica > Q. dentata > Q. acutissima. ⑸ Tending is needed for the stands of Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima to be regenerated successully by sprouting. ⑹ The sprouting ability of Quercus species decreased with incerasing stump diameter, while its diameter growth seemed to increase.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2019

지속가능한 개발이 주목받고 남북 평화의 시대를 맞이하여 임업분야와 농업 축산분야가 결합된 혼농임업(Agroforestry)이 주목받고 있다. 혼농임업(Agroforestry)은 식량, 과실, 풀사료, 땔감, 목재 등을 생산하고 토양보전을 실천하여 지속농업을 가능케 하는 복합영농의 한 형태이며, 북한 산지의 경우 황폐화된 산지가 많아 경제성과 산림녹화를 동시에 해결할 수 있어 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 강원도 하늘목장을 시범목장으로 선정하여 조사를 실시하였고, 연구조사지의 총 면적은 2.4ha로 백두대간과 오대산국립공원이 인접한 지역으로 다양한 식물상을 파악할 수 있는 지역이다. 그러므로 외래종침입에 따른 생태적 교란을 방지하기 위하여 완충지대를 설정하고 식물상 조사를 실시하였다. 그리고 조사지내의 대표 수종으로 선정된 모수만 남기고 벌채를 실시하여 변화양상을 모니터링 하였다. 2014년~2017년 총 3개년 계절별 조사를 통해 임간초지의 식물상 정보를 파악하였고 임간초지의 관속식물상을 조사한 결과 92과 250속 323종 4아종 43변종 6품종으로 총 376분류군이 조사되었다. 자원식물의 유용도 분석한 결과 식용자원(E)이 160분류군으로 가장 많은 비율을 차지하고 있었으며, 약용(M) 141분류군, 관상용(O) 45분류군으로 나타났으며, 용도미상(U) 식물도 73분류군이 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 연구 대상지역의 특성을 고려하여 조성된 초지 내에서 조사료로 사용할 수 있는 식물 종을 파악하였다. 나아가 미비한 임간초지 식생의 DB를 구축하고, 지속가능한 녹색성장을 모색하여야 할 것이다.