• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.401-404
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• 2013

청각장애인을 위한 지상파방송 서비스 중 자막방송은 100%에 가까운 편성 비율을 달성하고 있지만, 화면을 가리는 수화방송은 5% 수준의 편성에 그치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자막방송을 수화로 번역하여 그래픽 수화방송을 생성함으로써 수화방송의 비율을 높이고자 한다. 수화 단어들의 빈도를 파악하고 중요 단어부터 모션 캡처하기 위해 과거 3년간 일기예보 스크립트를 분석하였다. 자막방송 문장을 형태소별로 분석한 다음 중요 품사 위주로 단어 단위로 번역하고, 기 구축된 한국어 어휘의미망을 이용하여 수화사전에 없는 유의어와 하위어를 대표어로 대체하였다. 기계번역 기술이 수화통역사의 수준을 따라잡을 수는 없지만 향후 수화방송도 선택적 서비스가 가능해지고 수화통역사의 수화방송이 모든 프로그램에 편성될 때까지 본 시스템이 보조적 시청 수단으로 사용 가능할 것이다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.173-174
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• 2014

본 연구는 현재 개발 진행 중인 다국어 자동통번역시스템에서 발생하는 한국어 과거시제 선어말어미 '-었'의 생성문제를 다루었다. 한국어 과거시제 선어말 어미는 영어와 독일어의 경우에는 대부분 단순과거형으로 생성될 수 있으나, 프랑스어의 경우에는 복합과거의 형식과 반과거의 형식 중 하나를 선택해야 하는 문제가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해 한-프랑스어 코퍼스 분석을 통해 복합과거와 반과거의 올바른 생성을 위한 네 가지의 자질을 선정하였고, 이에 SVM 알고리즘을 적용한 분류기를 구현하였다. 현재까지의 실험결과는 84.45%의 정확률이며 현재 성능개선을 위한 연구가 계속 진행 중이다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2000

The quality of English to Korean Machine Translation depends on how well it deals with target word selection of verbs containing enormous ambiguity. Verb sense disambiguation can be done by using collocation, but the construction of verb collocations costs a lot of efforts and expenses. So, existing methods should be examined in the practical view points. This paper describes the practical method of target word selection using existing collocation and semantic distance computed from minimum semantic features of nouns.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.53
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• pp.131-161
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• 2018

Emotional expressions are expressions that show the internal condition of mind or consciousness. Types of emotional expressions include vocabulary that describes emotion, the composition of sentences that expresses emotion such as an exclamatory sentence and rhetorical question, expressions of interjection, appellation, causative, passive, adverbs of attitude for an idea, and a style of writing. This study focuses on vocabulary that describes emotion and analyzes the aspect of translation when emotional expressions of 'Hu(怖)' is shown on "Kokoro". The aspect of translation was analyzed by three categories as follows; a part of speech, handling of subjects, and classification of meanings. As a result, the aspect of translation for expressions of Hu(怖)' showed that they were translated to vocabulary as they were suggested in the dictionary in some cases. However, they were not always translated as they were suggested in the dictionary. Vocabulary that described the emotion of 'Hu(怖)' in Japanese sentences were mostly translated to their corresponding parts of speech in Korean. Some adverbs needed to add 'verbs' when they were translated. Also, different vocabulary was added or used to maximize emotion. However, the correspondence of a part of speech in English was different from Korean. Examples of Japanese sentences that expressed 'Hu(怖)' by verbs were translated to expression of participles for passive verbs such as 'fear', 'dread', 'worry', and 'terrify' in many cases. Also, idioms were translated with focus on the function of sentences rather than the form of sentences. Examples, what was expressed in adverbs did not accompany verbs of 'Hu (怖)'. Instead, it was translated to the expression of participles for passive verbs and adjectives such as 'dread', 'worry', and 'terrify' in many cases. The main agents of emotion were shown in the first person and the third person in simple sentences. The translation on emotional expressions when a main agent was the first person showed that the fundamental word order of Japanese was translated as it was in Korean. However, adverbs of time and adverbs of degree tended to be added. Also, the first person as the main agent of emotion was positioned at the place of subject when it was translated in English. However, things or the cause of events were positioned at the place of subject in some cases to show the degree of 'Hu(怖)' which the main agent experienced. The expression of conjecture and supposition or a certain visual and auditory basis was added to translate the expression of emotion when the main agent of emotion was the third person. Simple sentences without a main agent of emotion showed that their subjects could be omitted even if they were essential components because they could be known through context in Korean. These omitted subjects were found and translated in English. Those subjects were not necessarily humans who were the main agents of emotion. They could be things or causes of events that specified the expression of emotion.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.43
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• pp.171-206
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• 2016

Russian anarchist thinker P. A. Kropotkin had a significant impact on the school of thought, the literary field and the anarchist movement in East Asia in the early 20th century. This paper examines the history of the translation of Kropotkin in terms of the routes and paths of translation in colonial Korea in comparison with those in Japan and China. It is a known fact that the acceptance of Kropotkin in colonial Korea is owed to pioneering translation works in Japan, but it appears that there have been various transformations and magnetizations in the process of translating the texts into the Korean language. Despite a disturbing censorship, the works of Kropotkin, such as "I appeal to the youth ("Aux Jeunes Gens" in French)", were imported, translated and distributed by various routes throughout the 1920s and there were various versions of translated Korean texts. At this point, it is noteworthy that there are works which were translated from Chinese texts about Kropotkin, such as the works of Yu Seo (柳絮), and it can be said that there is a relationship between Korean translations and Chinese original texts. Since the 1930s, the phenomenon of the appropriation of Kropotkin as a litterateur and critic rather than an anarchist thinker is particularly apparent, and this allows us to understand that Kropotkin became a major pathway to interpret Russian literature in East Asia. In colonial Korea, translations of Kropotkin were generally via Japan and China, but the process of translation also showed the struggle to accept and adapt 'the foreign text' into the Korean language.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.733-745
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• 1995

This study is aimed at construction of a translator for a functional programming language. For this goal we define a functional programming language which has lazy semantics and develop a translator for it. The execution model selected is the G-machine-based combinator graph reduction. The translator is composed of 4 phases and translates a source program to a C program. The first phase of the translator translates a source program to a enriched lambda- calculus graph, the second phase transforms a lambda-calculus graph into supercombinators, the third phase translates supercombiantors to a G program and the last phase translates the G program to a C program. The final result of the translator, a C program, is compiled to an executable program by C compiler. The translator is implemented in C using compiler development tools such as TACC and Lex, under the UNIX environments. In this paper we present the design and implementation techniques for developing the translator and show results by executing some test problems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.509-512
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• 2003

본 논문은 다국어 번역기술의 일환으로 Nlip의 불어 형태소 분석기를 기반으로 한 불-한 번역 도우미 FK-Tranassis의 구성에 대하여 설명하고 불-한 번역 도우미 FK- Tranassis 에서 제공되는 FKT_DynaDic 사전의 논리적 구조에 대하여 설명하여 FKT_DynaDic 사전에서 번역가의 성향에 맞는 대역어를 제공해주는 방법에 대하여 설명하고자 한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.547-557
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 일-한 기계 번역 시스템에서 한국어 생성에 대한 효율적인 방법을 제안한다. 일본어와 한국어는 대부분의 문법 체계가 비슷하지만 어절 내, 특히 술부 내에서는 문법 형태소의 어순이 일치하지 않고 형태소간에도 일대일 대응이 불가능한 경우가 많다. 또한 일본어 용언에 부정의 조동사가 사용된 문장을 한국어로 번역할 때에도 부정의 뜻을 내포하는 한국어 용언이 존재하면 부정적 역어로 생성하여야 한다. 이러한 점으로 인하여 형태소 대 형태소를 일대일로 대응시켜 생성하면 자연스럽고 올바른 한국어 문장을 얻기 어렵다. 따라서 기본적으로 직접 번역 방시을 이용하면서 술부의 생성을 위하여 양상류 의미자질을 이용하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 한국어 생성 방법은 기존의 방법보다 적은 사전 작업으로 간단하게 자연스러운 한국어 표현을 얻을 수 있었다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.433-442
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• 2013

A set of bilingual terms is one of the most important factors in building language-related applications such as a machine translation system and a cross-lingual information system. In this paper, we introduce a new approach that automatically extracts candidates of English-Korean bilingual terms by using a bilingual parallel corpus and a basic English-Korean lexicon. This approach can be useful even though the size of the parallel corpus is small. A sentence alignment is achieved first for the document-level parallel corpus. We can align words between a pair of aligned sentences by referencing a basic bilingual lexicon. For unaligned words between a pair of aligned sentences, several assumptions are applied in order to align bilingual term candidates of two languages. A location of a sentence, a relation between words, and linguistic information between two languages are examples of the assumptions. An experimental result shows approximately 71.7% accuracy for the English-Korean bilingual term candidates which are automatically extracted from 1,000 bilingual parallel corpus.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

We introduce a way to generate morphologically and syntactically well-formed English sentences when building Korean to English bilingual dictionary for Machine Translation Systems. It has been proved that basic inflectional or structural descriptions for English sentences are by no means enough to generate proper English sentences because of traditional dictionary structures. Furthermore, much research has been focused only on how to disambiguate semantic ambiguities of words in a bilingual dictionary To take advantage of existing paperback Korean to English bilingual dictionary, its automatic conversion to an electronic version and methodologies to assign proper features to the descriptions for well-formed English sentences with minimum human effort have been proposed on the basis of the dictionary-specific structures. This approach was originally motivated for a glossary-based machine translation system, but it can be also applied to large scale dictionary work.