• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2018

We used the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, for the effective biological control of Lycoriella mali during Agaricus bisporus cultivation. The concentrations of two S. carpocapsae products distributed in Korea were $6{\times}10^4$ and $2.5{\times}10^5m^{-2}$ respectively. As a result of investigating the density of A. bisporus larvae in a rice straw medium and soil in an A. bisporus cultivation house, the mean numbers per $30cm^2$ were 0.8 and 22.2, respectively, and A. bisporus larvae were detected mainly in the soil. The control effects after once spraying S. carpocapsae at $6{\times}10^4$ and $2.5{\times}10^5m^{-2}$ was higher at the 14th day than at the 7th day. Therefore, we investigated the control effect after twice spraying of $6{\times}10^4$ and $2.5{\times}10^5m^{-2}$ at the 14th day. The control effects after this spraying were 51.9% and 96.8%, respectively, and the control effect of spraying at $2.5{\times}10^5m^{-2}$ was better than at $6{\times}10^4m^{-2}$. The control effect of diflubenzuron WP was lower than 50%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.420-423
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• 1999

A Sciarid fly, Lycoriella mali was a serious pest in commercial production of the cultivated mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. It was found in light trap and compost samples taken from mushroom houses during all growing seasons. The fly population 'was increased with the development of mushroom growth, the larvae occurred about 30 days after spawn inoculation in compost. The highest population was developed spring cultivation season (March to June) and decreased during summer season (August to September). The larvae feed on mycellium and compost; injury to the growing mushroom mycellium and the subsequent consumption of the primordia; they entered and tunneld sporospore stem and infect pinhead formation which would be resulted in decrease of mushroom yield.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.254-258
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• 2017

Mushroom mites have recently caused severe damage to sawdust beds, mushroom mycelia, and fruiting bodies; therefore, they have reduced the production of the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, in greenhouses. There are currently no registered pesticides for mushroom mites. It is necessary to selectively control mushroom flies and mites without affecting the growth of the mushroom. We examined biological control of mushroom mites using predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus in button mushroom cultivation. As a result, a three times treatment (1 treatment after water cleaning, 1 treatment after fungus inoculation, and 1 treatment before or after casing) was most effective at controlling mushroom mites, with 3.000 predatory mites (3 bottles) scattered evenly over $165-230m^2$ every 1-2 m. Predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus could control mushroom flies and mites at the same time and could be used at any time during cultivation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2001

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1996

As the pest of the Letinus edoeds, five insect species and six animal species are investigated injuring the fresh mushroom. Of these, insect and animals, Achorutes armatus, Scaphidium amurense and Philomycus confusa caused severe damage to mushroom fruitbody, and a greate deal of damage was done to mushroom lamella by mites (Rhizoglyphis sp., and Histiostoma sp.). As the pest of Lentinus edodes bed logs, two insect species from immature bed logs, eight insects and one isopod species from matured bed logs were investigated. Of those, Moechotypa diphysis was found to be the most injurious species from both immature and matured bed logs. As the pest of Pleurotus ostreatus, six insects and the two mite species were investigated from sporophore. Of those, Lycoriella sp. and Mycophilla sp. are considered to be very serious. while two insects and five mite species were investigated from the mushroom bed. Of those, one insect (Lycoriella sp.) and two mites (Histiostoma feroniarum and Throglyphus bankslogior) found to be abundant and caused serious damage.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 2001

The thirteen commercial insecticides to Lycoriella mali were investigated on their insecticidal activities and mycelial growth of two Letinula edodes strains. For the adults, insecticides showing over 95% insecticidal activity were chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenthion, fenitrothion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb and deltamethrin. For tile larvae, diflubenzuron and cyromazine showed over 90% insecticidal activity. Fenthion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect the mycelial growth of L. edodes strain, in Imhyup 1 variety. And deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect that in Sanlim-5. Insecticides showing over 80% residual effect for 14 days were benfuracarb to the adults and diflubenzuron and cyromazine to the larvae. Control effect of furathiocarb, fenthion, benfuracarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine against larvae of Lycoriella mali showed 90% ten days after application under sawdust cultivation. Among them, benfuracarb, fenthion and furathiocarb revealed excellent control effect against adults. These results indicate that benfuracarb, fenthion, and furathiocarb can be used for the control of Lycoriella mali in the field. However, further studies are needed on the effect of insecticides treatment oil fruit-body yield and chemical residue in the mushroom tissues.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the developmental characteristics and life cycle of sciarid fly (Lycoriella sp.), an important mushroom pest. The sciarid fly was reared ina growth chamber at 21$\pm$$1^{\circ}C$ and 55$\pm$5% of relative humidity with a 16h high, 8h dark cycle and Flammulina velutipes was used at diet. The egg was oval with 0.17 mm in diameter and 0.27 mm in length. Average egg period was 4 days. Body length of each instar from the 1st to 3rd was 0.7, 1.5, and 4.5, mm. respectively. Average weight of each instar was 1.9, 15.4 and 93.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. In the 4th instar larvae, however, developmental characteristics of female and male became different by body length, weight and segment size. Body length and weight of the 4th instar female larvae were 5 mm and 162$\mu\textrm{g}$, and those of the male larvae were 3.5 mm and 90 $\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. The larval periods of female and male were respectively 13.5 and13 days. Pupal length of female and male was 3.5 and 2.7 mm, and average weight was 136 $\mu\textrm{g}$ and 6.5$\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. Adults were emerged from female and male pupae on 5.5 and on 5 days after pupation, respectively. Average longevity of male and female were 7 and 5 days, respectively. The weight of female was two-fold heavier than the male. After copulation, female laid approximately 130 to 150 eggs on/in the sporophore of mushroom. In conclusion, total lifespan of male and female were 29 and 28 days, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2007

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.233-239
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• 2004

The potential of five entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain, S. logicaudum Nonsan strain, S. glaseri Dongrae strain, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamnyang strain, and Heterorabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain were evaluated as biological control agents against a mushroom fly, Mycophila speyeri in the mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation house. Control effect of M. speyeri was significantly different according to nematode species. Heterorhabditis was more effective than Steinernema. H. bacteriophora Hamnyang strain showed the highest control effect representing $49.0\%$ (7 days), $89.5\%$ (14 days) and $89.1\%$ (21 days post-treatment) at the rate of $1\times10^6$ and $46.5\%$ (7 days), $76.6\%$ (14 days) and $85.4\%$ (21 days post-treatment) at the rate of $1.0\times10^5$ Ijs/$1.5 m^2$ in Changnyoung, Gyeongnam, respectively. In Jinju, Gyeongnam, control effects of the sa me species were $54.0\%$ (7 days), $74.5\%$ (14 days), and $79.8\%$ (21 days post-treatment) at the rate of $1\times10^6$ and $49.0\%$ (7 days), $76.6\%$ (14 days), and $61.1\%$ (21 days post-treatment) at the rate of $1.0\times10^5$ Ijs/$1.5 m^2$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2002

Biological control against mushroom fly, Lycoriella mali, was performed by using Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Bti-D and Bti-U, isolated from dead mushroom fly in oyster mushroom houses. Control values of the bacterial strains Bti-D and Bti-U against L. mali in bottle culture of oyster mushroom were 74.4% and 64.2%, respectively, and the value in small tray culture were 75.8% and 56.8%, respectively. In the experiment to develop the mass, cheap media for Bti-D and Bti-U isolates, the Biji broth (bean curd residue, called Biji in Korean language) was selected as a culture medium for an inexpensive and mass cultivation by the measurement of optical density of the two bacteria grown in the different media tested. Insecticidal effect of the formulation contained different ingredients that were prepared by using the Bti-D strain cultured in the Biji broth was tested in tray and bottle culture of oyster mushroom. The WCS formulation that contained corn starch as bio-gel (86.4%) was more effective to control the mushroom fly than living cells (69.1%) in bottle culture of oyster mushroom. Moreover, insecticidal effect of the WCS formulation was improved when water of pH 8 was used for dilution of the formulation. Effect of the WCS formulation using water of pH 8 and chemicals, Zuron (dimillin) W.P. on the control of mushroom fly and the productivity of oyster mushroom was investigated in tray culture of oyster mushroom. The Zuron W.P. was more effective to control the mushroom fly than the WCS formulation. However, compared with no treatment, the productivity of the mushroom treated with the WCS formulation was improved than that of the mushroom with Zuron W.P.