• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.957-965
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• 2013

The study focus on the factors affecting the interaction between SNS users, the purposes of this study is to investigate the similarities and differences between Korea and China users. As a result, the study found that the ease of use in technology factors has no effect to Korean users, while the social ties in social factors has no effect to Chinese users. The impact of user's interaction was not different between korea and the china customer. According the those results marketing managers should develop different marketing strategies.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 1998

On the basis of data obtained from 5 forest roads(Backyang, Byongatae, Saorang, Bukyu and Dangrim forest road) collapsed under a heavy rainfall in Chunchon, Kangwondo, this study was carried out to predict the cutting slope failure of forest road by using Quantification theory(II). The results were summarized as follows; The cutting slope failure was chiefly occurred by correlated action of road structure, vegetation and topographical factors. The cutting slope failure predicted by partial correlation coefficients and range values was characterized by longer than 8m of cutting slope length, depper than 2.5m of soil depth, between $30^{\circ}$ and $50^{\circ}$ of original ground slope gradient, absence of vegetation coverage on cutting slope, and greater than $60^{\circ}$ of cutting slope gradient. And the rate of correct discrimination by analysis of cutting slope failure was 90.1%.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1996

The influences of temperature, harvest time, sowing time, seeding media, moisture content of media and light on the seed germination of Lycoris are as follows, Both L. koreana and L. aurea had over 90% seed setting, and seed maturity came in September or early October. It took six months to have over 60% seed germination. The optimum germination temperature was $25^{\circ}C$, and the alternating treatment was effective at $20{\rightleftarrows}25^{\circ}C$. The optimum harvest-time was around Sep. 20, and the optimum seed-time was immediately after havest. The optimum seeding media was sand loam, and the optimum moisture content was PF 1. 9/400ml seeding media. The dark condition was more effective for the seed germination than the light condition.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2003

The fruiting body of Paecilomyces sinclairii was collected in Baekyangsa, Jeollanam-Do, Korea. Cultural conditions for the mycelial growth and fruiting body formation were investigated. Its optimum mycelial growth was obtained at 25℃ and pH 8 on potato dextrose agar and Hamada media among the various media tested. The carbon and nitrogen sources for the optimum mycelial growth were dextrin and glutamine, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was about 20:1 in case that 1% glucose was supplemented to the basal medium as a carbon source. The favorable mycelial growth was obtained from corn meal extract medium mixed with 30% (w/v) milk solution. The maximum fruiting body was formed in unpolished rice medium supplemented with 20% (w/w) silkworm pupae at $25^{\circ}C$ under 500lux.

• 한국학연구
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• no.48
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• pp.315-350
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• 2018

이 연구는 『추악한 미국인』을 포함한 '추악한 시리즈'가 '한국'에서 번역되는 맥락과 의미를 분석하고자 했다. 이를 통해 『The Ugly American』이 동아시아 각국에 번역되고 전유되어 '추악한 시리즈'를 창출하고 그것이 한국에 번역되는 맥락을 파악할 수 있다. 『The Ugly American』(1958)은 윌리암 J. 레더러(Lederer, William J), 유진 버딕크(Burdick, Eugene) 공저의 풍자소설이다. 이 소설은 1959년 한국에 『추악한 미국인』으로 번역되면서 알려지기 시작하는데 베트남전쟁에서 미국인의 실수와 추태를 다룬 작품이다. 이 작품이 중요한 것은 월남전의 미국의 과오를 비판한 수준을 넘어 글쓰기의 아이디어와 방식이 미친 영향력이다. 제목이 함의하듯 이러한 책의 발상은 특정 국가와 그 민족구성원의 문제점을 지적하는 글쓰기 형식이기 때문에 민족(성) 비판과 맥이 닿아 있다. 『The Ugly American』의 수용과 전유는 한국뿐만 아니라 중국, 일본, 대만 등 동아시아 각국의 역사적 관계와 문명의 격차에서 기인하는 자기인식과 상대국에 대한 평가를 파악할 수 있게 한다. 소속 공동체에 대한 자긍심과 (민족)주체의 내적 발전 및 동태적 역동성의 발견 및 재인식 작업으로서의 민족문화론은 개인과 국가의 자기지식과 아이덴티티의 필수불가결한 구축 과정이며 진보와 지체를 둘러싼 일종의 자기반응이다. 이처럼 자신과 세계인식의 재갱신은 서구제국주의의 관점과 적자생존론, 민족주의를 경유해온 우리의 인식론적 성찰의 현실과 긴밀하게 관련된다는 점에서 '추악한' 시리즈는 그 실상과 강박을 접근할 수 있는 중요한 참조점이 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 1989

This experiment was undertaken to clarify derivation of resistance of Tongil type of rice varieties to rice blast in Korea and to classify Tongil type of rice varieties on the basis of their rice blast reactions in th blast nursery test. 1. The resistance of Tongil, Josaengtongil, Yeongnamjosaeng, Hwanggeumbyeo, Honamjosaeng, Noupung, Milyang 21, Milyang 22, Milyang 23, Raekyung, Manseogbyeo, Yongmunbyeo and Yongjubyeo to rice blast was derived from IR 8 or IR 24. 2. The resistance of Milyang 20, Nampungbyeo and Milyang 42, and Samseongbyeo, Seogwangbyeo, Pungsanbyeo and Shingwangbyeo to the rice blast was derived from IR 946 and IR 1539, and IR 1545, respectively. 3. The resistance of Palgwangbyeo, Sujeongbyeo, Hangangchalbyeo, Baegunchalbyeo, Samgangbyeo and Weonpungbyeo, and Taebaegbyeo and Chupungbyeo, and Kayabyeo to the rice blast was derived from IR 2061(IR 29), IR 747 and IR 32, respectively. 4. Cheongcheongbyeo, and Jungweonbyeo and Namyeongbyeo, and Changseongbyeo to the rice blast was derived from IR 2035, IR 5533, and HR 2797 and HR 1671, respectively. 5. Tongil type of rice varieties was classified into Tongil group, Milyang 30 group, Baegyangbyeo group and Taebaegbyeo group.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1995

The periods of germination and seedling emergence, epidermal cell size and the activities of peroxidase and amylase of 6 rice cultivars were examined to clarify the response to 3 temperature conditions, constant temperatures of 27$^{\circ}C$ and 17$^{\circ}C$ and alternating temperature of 24/1$0^{\circ}C$, in the dark condition. The periods of germination and seedling emergence were increased and the germination was delayed greater than the seedling emergence under 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/l$0^{\circ}C$, compared with 27$^{\circ}C$. Lengths of epidermal cell of coleoptile and first leaf were reduced, but the widths were increased in the 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/1$0^{\circ}C$, compared with 27$^{\circ}C$. The activities of peroxidase in the emerging shoots and amylase in the germinating seeds were reduced in 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/1$0^{\circ}C$. There were significant correlations between peroxidase activities and the widths of epidemal cell of first leaf and between amylase activities and periods of germination. Varietal differences of all observations were remarkable in 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24 /1$0^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.267-283
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• 2011

Endangered species designated by The Ministry of Environment in region of Naejangsan National Park were found Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H.Tae & S.T.Ko, Iris koreana Nakai, Cymbidium macrorrhizum Lindl and Vexillabium yakushimensis (Yamam.) F.Maek.(4 taxa). The floristic special plants were recorded to a total of 159 taxa; that is, class I species (91 taxa) were containing as Chloranthus fortunei (A.Gray) Solms, Vicia anguste-pinnata Nakai and Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz, etc, class II species (17 taxa) were Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi, Dryopteris expansa (C.Presl) Fraser-Jenkins et Jermy and Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman, etc, class III species (32 taxa) were containing; Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai, Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa (Nakai) B.U.Oh and Saussurea eriophylla Nakai, etc, class IV species (9 taxa) were Deutzia paniculata Nakai, Carex ligulata Nees and Thuja orientalis L., etc, and class V species (10 taxon) were Orobanche filicicola Nakai, Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H.Tae & S.T.Ko and Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Nakai) T.Koyama, etc. Endemic species of korea were identified 40 taxa such as Broussonetia kazinoki var. humilis Uyeki, Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi and Silene seoulensis Nakai, etc. Plant species designated as Natural Monument were 2 species that Daphniphyllum macropodum forest(No. 91) and Torreya nucifera forest(No. 153) receive protection. The naturalized plants were identified 30 taxa; Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach and Rumex crispus L., etc. Among them the ecosystem disturbance wild plants was not discovered.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels and types of nitrogen fertilizer on seedlings and soil chemical properties in a semi-arid area, Mongolia. 2-year-old Populus sibirica and 4-year-old Ulmus pumila seedlings were planted in May 2014. Six treatments with three levels of nitrogen (low-level: urea $5g\;tree^{-1}$; medium-level: urea $15g\;tree^{-1}$, ammonium sulfate $33g\;tree^{-1}$, urea $15g\;tree^{-1}$ with potassium phosphate $10g\;tree^{-1}$; high-level: urea $30g\;tree^{-1}$) were applied and for the medium-level of nitrogen, different types of fertilizer were treated. Survival rate, root collar diameter (RCD) growth rate, leaf nitrogen concentration of seedlings, and soil chemical properties were determined in August 2014. The seedling survival rate of both species decreased as the level of nitrogen increased. This result can be explained by water stress caused by nitrogen fertilization in arid regions. The RCD growth rate of P. sibirica was significantly decreased by the treatment of high-level of nitrogen due to excessive nitrogen fertilization, and was increased by the treatment of ammonium sulfate due to sulfur which might promote nitrogen uptake. The leaf nitrogen concentration of P. sibirica did not change by the treatment of low-level of nitrogen, and was increased by the treatment of medium-level of nitrogen. There were no significant differences in the RCD growth rate and the leaf nitrogen concentration of U. pumila among the six treatments. None of soil chemical properties was affected by nitrogen fertilization. Overall, the low-level of nitrogen showed no effect on seedlings and soil chemical properties, except on survival rate of U. pumila and the high-level of nitrogen was considered excessive fertilization. Continuous monitoring of medium-level nitrogen fertilization including the ammonium sulfate, which increased early growth of seedlings, would be needed to elucidate the effect of fertilization on seedling growth and soil properties in a semi-arid region.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.242-252
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• 1985

In order to get information on the ecology of rice false smut, germination ability and pathogenicity of sclerotia and chlamydospores of the pathogen, environmental conditions affecting the disease outbreak and varietal resistance have been investigated. 1. The degree of outbreak of rice false smut was higher in the upland rice in comparison with the paddy field rice in respect to the number of affected grains per ear, the size and weight of smut balls formed on affected grains as well as the ratio of sclerotial formation produced on smut balls. 2. Germination percentage and days required for germination of overwintered sclerotia placed on the soil surface in July were 81% and 19 days, respectively, while those of overwintered sclerotia treated in May were 60-70% and 41 days. Sclerotia placed on the soil surface or under 1 cm depth of the soil surface and incubated at $25-30^{\circ}C$ were germinated well, whereas those placed under 3 cm or 5 cm depth of the soil surface were not germinated at all. Germinability and stroma productivity of sclerotia were reduced when the sclerotia were cutted into small pieces. 3. The average number of stroma formed on a sclerotium was six and that of perithecia formed in a stroma was about 50 to 140. 4. Percentage of germination of chlamydospores on the yellow balls was very high and was decreased as the color of the balls being darken with maturation. 5. Panicle of rice plants were successfully infected by injection inoculation with suspention of ascospores and chlamydospores of the pathogen to the sheaths at the booting stages, while seeding infection by spraying with suspensions of chlamydospores was unsuccessful. 6. More number of infected grains was distributed on basal parts of an affected ear than that of infected ones distributed upper parts of the ear, when the affected ear was divided into five parts from its basal portion to the apical of the ear. 7. The occurrence of the disease was more severe in the late maturing varieties of rice in comparison with the early maturing varieties. 8. When the level of nitrogen applied was increased, the incidence of disease increased, and the infection percentage of the disease was increased as the transplanting date was delayed. 9. The weight of panicles and 1000 kernels and the ratio of ripenness were reduced, and the contamination degree of grains with chlamydospores were increased as the number of smut balls per panicle were increased.