• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.211-235
• /
• 2012

This paper presents an alternative decomposition technique to identify the relative importance of factors associated with changes in $CO_2$ emissions by using directional distance function to model the joint production of desirable and undesirable outputs. The key feature of the proposed approach is the introduction of fossil and non-fossil fuel energy input efficiencies, productivity change and emission intensity change. For the 27 OECD countries as a whole, the empirical results indicate that economic growth is the most important contributor to $CO_2$ emissions increase, while efficiency change is the most important component to $CO_2$ emissions reduction between 1980 and 2007. For more extensive insights, this paper divided 3 groups according to the emission growth rate and find out that high emission countries show relatively low production efficiencies and technical changes contributing $CO_2$ emissions increase. The results also provide that more strict environmental regulations are needed to improve the pollution intensity in these countries.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.205-227
• /
• 2017

Today, the global environment has so many serious problems such as global warming, ecological destruction and air pollution. Now China is the second largest carbon emissions country in the world. In this paper, we estimated the ratio of GDP per unit of carbon emissions for each of 30 provinces in China, and then also estimated the carbon emission efficiency of 30 provinces and analyzed the factors that affecting them. There are differences in carbon emission efficiency among different provinces, and carbon emission efficiency is relatively high in Hainan Province, Beijing, and Tianjin. In the regression results of the factors affecting the carbon emission efficiency, when the proportion of service industries is higher, the efficiency is higher. Also, when the higher the proportion of heavy industry and the higher the proportion of coal consumption are estimated to be worse.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.759-784
• /
• 2013

Participants can use the allowances and offsets for implementing the compliance in the Emissions Trading Scheme(ETS). There are alternative commodities which are different prices it gives the opportunities to reduce the compliance costs and get the arbitrage. This study analyzes the price driver of spread which is the difference between EUA and sCER using AR-GARCH model, EUA and CER during the Phase 2 in EU ETS. The results show that there are common elements which impacts the EUA and sCER and also different elements between them. EUA and sCER get the effects from energy price and economic criteria such as coal price and financial crisis as common elements. However them get the effects from electric price, policy criteria such as restricted CERs and difference price between EUA and ERU price as different elements. The results shows that spread will be widen if energy price increase, especially oil and electric price give more impacts the spreads. This study has the means that it explains the reason why the spreads will broaden sharply in 2012. And it also suggests the price driver of spread during the whole period of Phase 2. In addition, this study shows that political aspects maybe become the main criteria of price change with structural elements shch as energy price in Korea ETS which starts in 2015.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.77-92
• /
• 2023

The aim of the study is to analyze urban characteristics that affect carbon emissions of buildings. The analysis was conducted at the level of 424 administrative districts in Seoul. The main variables used in the analysis were energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings published in the Seoul Metropolitan Government's energy information platform 2021. It was found that carbon emissions per unit building were high in Jongno, Gangnam, Guro, and Mok-dong. A regression analysis using the spatial lag model (SLM) identifies that the variables that affect the carbon emissions of buildings were; commercial, educational, business and industrial facility variables as built environment factor; number of residents; traffic volume, number of bus routes and number of subway stations as transportation facilities factors; and environmental factors such as green area and river area.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-35
• /
• 2017

This study investigates a decomposition analysis of the determinants of the reduced $CO_2$ emissions in seven OECD countries that implemented carbon taxes from 1995 to 2013. Recent studies on decomposition analysis of changes in $CO_2$ emissions focused on technology-based physical factors; however, this study analyzes the effects of a carbon tax as an economic factor. According to the results obtained by using the Log Mean Divisia Index, the energy intensity effect and the carbon tax effect contributed the most towards the reduction of total $CO_2$ emissions in the seven OECD countries. The results for each country show that the emissions decreased due to the energy intensity effect, while the effects of carbon tax and carbon tax revenues differed by policy and environment of the countries.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.149-166
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the regional disparity and its determinants of $CO_2$ emission from the residential energy consumption in China. This study examines factors that affect the $CO_2$ emission per capita using the panel model. The panel model was set by a balanced panel data for 30 provinces and for the period of 2006~2011. $CO_2$ emission per capita is used as the dependent variable and characteristics of the household and regional physical environmental factors are selected as the explanatory variables. The important findings can be summarized as follows. $CO_2$ emission per capita is influenced by the ratio of the graduate students, household size, the ratio of the old-aged, female economic participation rate. High residential density is negatively affected on $CO_2$ emission. The findings suggest that the effect of policies reducing $CO_2$ emission per capita may vary by characteristics of the household, energy sources and regional climate. The results of this empirical study give some implications to reduce the residential energy consumption in the era of climate change.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.695-707
• /
• 2012

This study focuses on the importance of macro socio-economic factors to explain the successes of Hallyu(Korean Wave). Studies of Hallyu have mainly discussed the contents of Hallyu products, emphasizing the excellence of Korean culture or cultural similarities in the East Asia. Analyzing cultural industrial factors, the study purports to contribute to more comprehensive explanations of Hallyu. To do so, the study analyzes the Japanese case, because Japan is considered as society where Hallyu is most institutionalized. The study suggests the importance of cultural exchanges between Korea and Japan as the background factors for Hallyu's success in Japan. In addition, the study shows the interactions of 'push factors' in Korea and 'pull factors' from Japan. As for push factors in Korea, this paper suggests the decline of music records(CD and DVD) industry and growing competition in broadcasting industry in Korea. Regarding the pull factors from Japan, robust music industry and changing broadcasting system are discussed. Although this paper try to suggest as many evidences as possible, the macro data suggested are not fully comprehensive enough to explain the importance of cultural industrial factors. In addition, micro-level analyses on the interactions among people who are working in the cultural industries are also necessary, and thus remained for the future studies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.680-686
• /
• 2018

Nitrogen fertilizers, hairy vetch, and slow-release complex fertilizers were applied to the soil during the cultivation of crops. The impact of these factors on $N_2O$ emission was quantitatively assessed and the GHGs reduction effect comprehensively evaluated. Among the three factors, the significant factors affecting $N_2O$ emission were mineral nitrogen>soil moisture>temperature. Yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency were highest in the slow-release complex fertilizer treatment. There was no significant difference in $N_2O$ emissions between the slow-release complex fertilizer treatments and the NPK+hairy vetch treatments. Comprehensive results showed that slow-release complex fertilizers treatment has high yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency but low $N_2O$ emission.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.233-260
• /
• 2011

This study intends to analyze the trend of employment rate of men aged 55~64 in 15 OECD countries from 1980 to 2005. Furthermore, this study means to examine the determinants of men aged 55~64 in 15 OECD countries to support the labor force participation among them. The analysis is based on the data of OECD, ILO and LIS. The analysis method is Arellano and Bond(1981)'s difference GMM which used instrumental variables by dynamic panel model which estimates state dependency of labor market participation and individual panel's heterogeneity. The main results from this analysis are summarized in three points. First, the employment rates of men aged 55~64 had decreased until the middle of the 1990s, while that has been increasing since 1995. Second, the sate dependency strongly worked in the employment rates of 55~64 men and positive period effect was observed for 1980~2005. This study cannot find the pull effect of public pension, while labor market push effect have negatively affected. Third, temporary work rates had contributed to increase the employment rate of men aged 55~64 for 1996~2005. The poverty has become the mechanism of the labor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.109-110
• /
• 2012

최근 지구온난화로 인한 환경 문제의 심각성이 증가하고 있다. 이에 전 산업 부문에서 지구온난화에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 온실가스 배출량에 대한 규제를 강화하고 있다. 건설 산업에서도 온실가스 저감 대책으로 친환경 에너지 개발, 친환경 건축물 인증제도등 녹색기술의 활동이 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 그러나 이러한 활발한 연구와 노력에도 불구하고 건설공사의 각 단계별 과정에 따른 온실가스 배출량과의 이해관계를 파악하기에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 본 논문은 기존 연구문헌을 조사하여 건설공사 과정을 원자재 생산, 시공, 유지 및 관리, 해체 및 재활용의 단계로 구분하여, 건설공사의 각 단계에서 온실가스 배출량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출하고, 시스템 다이내믹스의 인과지도 작성을 통하여 온실가스 배출 원인을 분석하였다.