• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2002

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental copper or/and zinc methionine chelates(Cu-Met or/and Zn-Met) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum IgG level, gizzard erosion, and the contents of Cu and Zn in liver and excreta of broiler chickens. One thousand d-old broiler chickens (Ross$^{(R)}$) were assigned to 4 treatments: control, 100 ppm Cu in methionine chelate(Cu-Met), 100 ppm Zn in methionine chelate(Zn-Met) and 100 ppm Cu plus 100 ppm Zn in methionine chelate(Cu-Zn-Met). Each treatment had five replications of 50 (25 male + 25 female) birds each. Average weight gains of chicks fed chelated Cu or/and Zn were significantly higher than that of chicks fed the control (P<0.05). Moreover, feed conversion rates of chicks were better in the chicks fed chelated Cu or/and Zn than in the chicks fed the control (P<0.05). The birds fed the chelated Cu and Zn(Cu-Zn-Met) tended to perform the best growth rate and feed conversion rate. Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the dietary treatments. Serum IgG level of chicks fed Cu-Zn-Met was significantly higher than that of chicks fed the control (P<0.05). Gizzard erosion index was not significantly different among the treatments. The contents of Cu and Zn in liver were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. The excreta contents of Cu or/and Zn were significantly high in the birds fed supplementary Cu or/and Zn. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of Cu or/and Zn in methionine chelated form improved growth and feed conversion efficiency of broilers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.74-75
• /
• 2005

In order to evaluate dietary brown seaweed and vancomycin on the performance, layers(Isa brown) were fed on basal diet and diets containing 2.0% of brown seaweed or 10ppm vancomycin. Brown seaweed diet significantly increased(p<0.01) nitrogen balance in layer, while excretion of uric acid nitrogen and metabolizable energy utilization were not different among diets. Layer consumed more the brown seaweed diet(p<0.05). Egg production were significantly different by diets but reduced(p<0.0001) with the experimental period passed. Layer fed brown seaweed diet gave thicker shell eggs, higher Haugh unit and higher egg white CuZnSOD activity compared with those in basal diet. Also, Brown seaweed diet increased MnSOD activity in erythrocyte cytosol and peroxidase in plasma, but decreased peroxide level in plasma, and increased proliferation of PBMC stimulated with PHA-P The result indicated that brown seaweed 2.0% diet in layer improved egg quality and performance due to increased protein synthesis which were related to regulation of antioxidant system and immune cell function in blood.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.269-279
• /
• 1984

The optimum conditions for measuring cadmium content of less than 0.2ppm by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry were investigated. The cadmium in urine was extracted by APDC-MIBK for the analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after ashing them by a wet method. 1. Optimum conditions by APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions. The acidic aqueous solution was prepared with appropriate amount of 0.IN nitric acid, 5ml of 25% (W/V) sodium potasstum tartarate, 10ml of saturated ammonium sulfate, and 2ml of 2% APDC(or 1 ml of 5% DDTC) chelating agent. The total volume of solution was adjusted to 55 ml and pH to $2{\sim}10$ (or$7{\sim}10$). The aqueous solution was extracted with 10ml MIBK. Concentration of Triton X-100 did not effect the absorbance for APDC-MIBK extraction of cadmium, but absorbance decreased as the concentration increased for DDTC-MIBK extraction. The sensitivity and detection limits for the cadmium determination from APDC-MIBK extraction were 0.0038ppm and 0.0102, 0.0022ppm and 0.0116 for DDTC-MIBK, and 0.0132ppm and 0.0034 for 0.1N nitric acid. APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions were 3 times higher than 0.1N nitric acid for the sensitivity. 2. Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine by APDC-MIBK extraction. Determination of cadmium in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of A.A. (Cd=2 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4mA, $D_2=20mA$) mode showed some difference (p<0.05). The difference of cadmium determination and recovery according to method of standard additions and standard calibration curve method in urine was not significant (p>0.05, $93.48{\pm}11.78%,\;94.83{\pm}22.00%$). Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine collection from normal person and variance analysis within measurement variation was not significant (p>0.05), but between interindividual was significant (0.05). Determination of cadmium content by two different methods of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dithizone colorimetry showed that the results from the two methods can be described by a regression line with a good correlation (y=1.0153x-0.2927, x=Cd by D.C., y=Cd by A.A.S., $r=0.8651^*$, p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 1993

Radiostrontium is one of fallouts. It can be absorbed through intestine and causing radiation injury to bones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inhibitory effect of 10% chitosan (water soluble and insoluble) and 10% alginate (water soluble and insoluble) on radiostrontium adsorption. Water soluble and insoluble chitosans and alginates were given to 10 NIH male mice in each group for 7 days. At the 7th day, 74 MBq of $^{85}Sr$ were given through orogastric tube. Chitosans and alginates were given for additional 7 days. During the 7 days, radioactivities of feces were counted daily. Finally animals were sacrificed, and radioactivities of bones were counted. Fecal excretion was significantly higher in chitosan and alginate group as compared to control from the 1st day (p < 0.01). Water soluble chitosan group showed highest fecal excretion. Bony retention was significantly lower in the treated group than the control (p < 0.01). There was no difference among treated groups. In conclusion, both water soluble and insoluble chitosans and alginates were effective agents on lowering orally ingested radiostrontium ($^{85}Sr$).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.375-380
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to investigate cholesterol improvement effects of adding fermented defatted soybean grit (FD) and FD added to 5 or 10% Corchorus olitorius (FDC). Cholesterol adsorption in the FD and FDC group was more than 70%. Apolipoprotein AI and CIII improved in HepG2 cells, and a greater improvement effect was shown in FDC than that in FD. We also investigated the effect of FDC on body lipid metabolism and a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Rats were divided into control (Con), high-fat (HF), HF treated with 20% FD (HF-FD), and HF treated with 20% FDC (HF-FDC) groups. Plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, hepatic total cholesterol, and triglyceride contents were significantly lower in the HF-FDC group than those in the HF group. Additionally, fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents increased in rats treated with FDC. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activities were significantly lower in the HF-FDC group than those in the HF group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.580-585
• /
• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of defatted soybean grits (DSG) on body lipidmetabolism with 4 weeks of feeding on a high-fat diet. The rats were divided into the following 4 groups: control group (Con), control group treated with 20% DSG (C20D), high-fat group (HF), and high-fat group treated with 20% DSG (HF20D). The plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HF20D group than in the HF group. On the other hand, the DSG supplement resulted in a significant increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. The DSG supplement reduced the hepatic total lipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride contents as compared to what was observed in the HF diet groups. In addition, the fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents increased in the DSG treatment groups. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were demonstrated to be significantly lower in the HF20D group than in the HF group. These results showed that the DSG powder lowered plasma cholesterol levels, tissue lipid contents, and cholesterol accumulation in the rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2003

Effects of molokhia (Corchorus olitorius) and its mucilage on in vitro bile acid adsorption capacity and lipid composition using cholesterol-fed SD rats were investigated. Mucilage showed stronger affinity toward bile acid than hot water extract of molokhia powder. As the extracting temperature increased from 50 to $80^{\circ}C$, bile acid binding capacity of mucilage also increased from 41 to 83%. When molokhia powder or its mucilage added into cholesterol diet at 5 or 10% levels (as fiber source) was compared with cellulose-added group, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of plasma showed no significant differences, whereas, HDL-cholesterol level of cellulose group significantly increased. Accumulation of cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were significantly inhibited in molokhia and mucilage groups. Molokhia and mucilage lowered the liver weights significantly. As the concentration of molokhia or mucilage increased, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver was lowered. Cholesterol and triglyceride excreted through feces were significant increased in molokhia- or mucilage-fed group, with excretion of cholesterol by molokhia-fed group being mere distinct.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 2011

배경: 골다공증은 골대사의 불균형으로 인해 골 흡수가 골 형성보다 많아져 골밀도가 감소함으로서 발생한다. 골다공증의 이상적인 치료목표는 골형성을 증가시키거나 골소실을 방지하여 골량을 현 상태로 유지하는 것이다. 따라서 향후 발생되는 골소실을 에방하는 것이 골다공증의 원칙적이고 효과적인 치료방법이 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 흑효모 중 $Aureobasidium$ $pullulans$으로부터 유래한 폴리칸(베타-글루칸)이 중년여성의 골대사에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 골대사에 대한 폴리칸의 효과를 규명하기 위해 12주간의 무작위배정, 이중눈가림, 플라세보 대조 임상연구를 수행하였다. 총 60명(폴리칸 투여군30명, 플라세보 투여군 30명)의 중년 여성 피험자가 등록되어 이 중 총 58명의 피험자가 최종적으로 12주간의 임상연구를 종료하였다. 결 과: 폴리칸(150 mg/d) 투여 12주 후, 폴리칸 투여군은 요 중 Deoxypyridinoline (DPD) 농도가 유의적인 감소를 보였다($P$=0.014). 혈청 중 Osteocalcin(OSC) 농도는 두 군 모두에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, bone-specific alkaline posphatase (bALP) 와 collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTx)는 유의적 변화가 보이지 않았다. 폴리칸은 골밀도(BMD)와 혈청 부갑상선 호르몬(iPTH)에 대해 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았으나, 24시간 요 중 Ca 배설량은 폴리칸 투여군에서 유의하게 감소되었다($P$=0.028). 또한 폴리칸 투여군에서 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(HDL-cholesterol) 농도의 증가 경향 및 중성지방(triglyceride)의 유의적인 감소가 보였다. 임상연구 기간 중에 발생한 이상반응은 두 군간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 본 연구에서는 폴리칸이 골대사 및 지질에 대해 일부 개선효과가 있음을 보여주었다. 그러나, 골다공증 예방 측면에서 보다 장기적인 임상연구와 피험자 수를 확대하여 골대사 및 지질대사에 대한 폴리칸의 예방적 효과를 규명할 필요가 있을것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1197-1203
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide on UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GTase) activity and excretion of fecal sterols in rat fed high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly divided into five groups, one with normal diet and four with high cholesterol diets containing 1% cholesterol (w/w). The high groups with cholesterol diet groups were classified into xylooligosaccharide free diet (C), 5% xylooligosaccharide diet (C5XO), 10% xylooligosaccharide diet (C10XO), and 15% xylooligosaccharide diet (C15XO) group according to the five groups of dietary xylooligosaccharide by weights. The experimental diets were fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. Fecal weights were increased 86% by xylooligosaccharide. Fecal total lipid contents including fecal neutral and acidic sterols in xylooligosaccharide groups were significantly higher than those of the normal and C groups, and especially that of C10XO group was the highest among all experimental groups. Activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GTase) in liver in C group was 35% higher than that of normal group and the activities in C5XO, C10XO and C15XO groups were 15%, 41%, and 21% higher than in C group, respectively. Fecal bile acid excretions per day were increased 3.1, 3.6 and, 2.8 folds in C5XO, C10XO, and C15XO groups, respectively, compared with that of C group. Contents of neutral sterol, coprostanol, and coprostanone were higher in xylooligosaccharide groups than in C group. These results suggest that dietary xylooligosaccharide may act as potential substitute for a dietary fiber capable of improving a gastrointestinal function and lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 1998

Acute and chronic responses to PCB toxicity of Neomysis awatschensis were studied by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion with concentrations of PCB at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. 96 hr.-$LC_50$ at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ were 28.7492 pub and 10.6742 pub, respectively. Survival rates during 60 days exposured to chronic PCB concentrations of 0.5 pub, 1.0 pub, 1.5 pub and 2,0 pub at $10^{\circ}C$ were $85\%,\;80\%,\;75\%$ and $75\%$, respectively and suwival rates at $20^{\circ}C$ $85\%,\;75\%,\;75\%$ and $65\%$, respectively. Average daily growth rate of N. awatschensis exposed to chronic PCB concentrations at $10^{\circ}C$ were 0.039 mm/day in control group and 0.036 mm/day at concentration of 2.0 ppb, while their rates at $20^{\circ}C$ showed 0.072 mm/day in central group and 0.039 mm/day at 2,0 ppb. The growth factors were some similarities between the chronic PCB concentrations, but intermolt periods were related to body size of mysids, temperature and PCB toxicity. Changes in oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion rates during 60 days exposure to PCB toxicity showed higher in high groups of PCB concentrations. Assimilation and feeding rates of N. awatschensis fed Artemia sp. decreased with increase of PCB concentration at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$.