• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.51-54
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• 2009

다양한 미디어에서 인물과 색채는 가장 중심적인 요소로서 활용되므로 인물의 표정에서 느껴지는 감성과 색채 자극에 대한 감성적 반응에 연구는 심리학 분야에서 각각 심도 있게 연구되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 감성 자극물로서의 얼굴 표정과 색채가 상호 작용을 하였을 때 이에 대한 감성적 반응에 대하여 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 즉, 인물의 표정과 배경 색상을 배치하였을 때 인물의 표정에서 느껴지는 감성이 어떻게 변하는지에 관한 실험 연구를 진행하여 이를 미디어에서 활용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 60명의 피실험자들을 대상으로 진행한 실험연구에서는 Ekman의 7가지의 universal facial expression 중 증오(Contempt)의 표정을 제외한 분노(Anger), 공포(Fear), 역겨움(Disgusting), 기쁨(Happiness), 슬픔(Sadness), 놀람(Surprising) 등의 6가지의 표정의 이미지를 인물의 표정으로 활용하였다. 그리고, 배경 색채로서 빨강, 노랑, 파랑, 초록의 색상들을 기준으로 각각 밝은(light), 선명한(vivid), 둔탁한(dull), 그리고 어두운(dark) 등의 4 가지 톤(tone)의 영역에서 색채를 추출하였고, 추가로 무채색의 5 가지 색상이 적용되었다. 총 120 장(5 가지 얼굴표정 ${\times}$ 20 가지 색채)의 표정에서 나타나는 감성적 표현을 평가하도록 하였으며, 각각의 피실험자는 무작위 순위로 60개의 자극물을 평가하였다. 실험에서 측정된 데이터는 각 표정별로 분류되었으며 배경에 적용된 색채에 따라 얼굴 표현에서 나타나는 감성적 표현이 다름을 보여주었다. 특히 색채에 대한 감성적 반응에 대한 기존연구에서 제시하고 있는 자료를 토대로 색채와 얼굴표정의 감성이 상반되는 경우, 얼굴표정에서 나타나는 감성적 표현이 약하게 전달되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 부정적인 얼굴표정일수록 더 두드러지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 색상과 톤의 경우 공통적으로 나타나는 현상으로서 광고 및 시각 디자인 분야의 실무에서 활용될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Additive color mixture of two different background colors appeared in the afterimage of a gray circle centered on an isoluminant bichromatic background (red/green, blue/green, or blue/yellow background). The chromatic mixture still appeared in the afterimage of a gray circle on a bichromatic background at different luminance levels, and also appeared in a large test field. The saturation of the induced color was observed to increase as the overall luminance of adaptation background stimulus increase of the size of test field decreases. It was found that the chromatic mixture does not appear with a chromatic or achromatic boundary inserted on the center of the test field. The boundary seems to prevent the induced color on each side of test field from spreading to the other side so that the induced color does not appear mixed but divided into two different colors. Without a boundary on the test stimulus, the color information induced in the afterimage seems to be too weak to create a subjective boundary between the two colors and consequently propagate inward appearing mixed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

This study was conducted to reproduce digital colour based on the lightness of the background and size of the colour stimulus so that colour can be similarly perceived under different conditions. With the evolution of display technologies, display devices of various sizes can now reproduce more accurate colour and enhanced images, thus affecting the overall quality of display images. This study reproduced digital colour by considering the visual characteristics of the digital media environment. To accomplish this, we developed a colour appearance model which distinguishes the properties of foveal and peripheral vision. The proposed model is based on existing research on the lightness of the background and size of the colour stimulus. Based on experimental results, an analysis of variance was performed in order to develop the colour appearance model. The algorithm and modelling were verified based on the proposed model. In addition, to apply this model to display technologies, a practical colour control system and a method for handling complex input images were developed. Through this research, colour conversion errors which might occur when the input image is converted to fit a specific display size are resolved from the perspective of the human visual system. As a result, more accurate colour can be displayed and enhanced images can be reproduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

This article attempts to propose the control planning of townscape color around the historic and cultural heritages. The streets and roads of historic conservation and the changing perspectives to which it gives rise in Stockholm has changed dramatically during this century. New development or changes to existing buildings should be carried out in a way which acknowledges its surroundings and is a good neighbour, both in the cultural and social sense that makes good color design sense. There are many examples of townscape color, but the conservative and the historical streets and roads in the whole of the Stockholm city should benefit from careful design of the environment. To achieve this purposes, some strategies of case study of several streets and roads are reviewed; designing color context to relate to urban architectural design proposals of specific sites of cultural heritages are explored. In all new developments the scale of new buildings and the material finishes and colors used should respect the character of their surroundings and have due regard to the setting of any listed building. Streetscape color of visual assessment proposals should aim to help assimilate the development into the local scene. Important streets and roads should also include color townscape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06c
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• pp.232-235
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• 2011

지식표현은 일반적으로 논리, 규칙, 프레임 또는 의미망 형태로 표현되며, 최근에는 의미망을 이용한 온톨로지 형태로 표현되고 있다. 이러한 지식표현 방법은 개념을 설명하는 문맥적인 정보나 개념들 간의 구조적인 정보를 이용하여 개념에 대한 지식을 논리적으로 표현하는데 중점을 두었다. 하지만, 지식표현에 사용되는 의미정보는 사람에 의해 수집되고 정제되기 때문에 많은 시간, 비용 및 인력이 필요하다는 한계가 있고, 새로운 의미를 추가하거나 기존의 의미를 수정하는 것이 매우 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 색채는 특정 대상이나 개념에 대한 의미, 연상, 상징 등 객관적인 특징 뿐 아니라 시대, 나라, 문화와 같은 사회적 배경을 반영하기 때문에, 정보를 제공하고 감성을 전달하는 효과적인 수단으로 사용되고 있다. 이에 본 논문은, 색채를 이용한 의미정보모델 구축을 위해, 색채정보를 수집하고 정량적으로 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 긍정/부정/불안/중립으로 구성된 감성어휘 273개를 이용하여 이미지를 수집한 결과 총 130,944개의 이미지를 수집하였다. 이미지에는 여러 가지 사물, 행동, 배경, 색채 등 다양한 정보가 혼재되어 있어 감성어휘와 연관된 색채를 구별하기 어렵기 때문에 이미지를 직관적으로 설명할 수 있는 사용자 태그를 별도로 수집하였다. 태그는 총 2,836,395개를 수집하였고 각 이미지와 그룹에서의 가중치를 구하였다. 태그의 가중치를 통해 이미지가 그룹 내에서 갖는 중요도를 판별하였고, 각 그룹 별로 상위 30%의 이미지를 추출하여 대표 색채를 분석하였다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-28
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• 2018

Next generation displays show a trend of evolving from the display device environment (represented by existing televisions) to the mobile environment. The mobile display corresponding to the personal display is similar to a home theatre; however, they are advantageous because they are small and have a relatively lower weight. Therefore, the display industry has an interest in diverse product applications of displays, reproducing more accurate colours, and offering improved image quality from display devices of various sizes. To address these interests, a psychophysical experiment was conducted in this research. The experiment compared the size of the colour stimulation corresponding to foveal vision by gradually increasing the lightness of the background. This was based on the assumption of possible differences in colours being recognized by the lightness of the background and the size of the colour stimulation. Contrary to the results of previous studies, where the colours are identified more clearly as the size of the colour stimulation increases (assuming that the lightness of the background is not considered) here the results of the experiment showed that the attributes of the identified colours were different depending on the lightness of the background and the size of the colour stimulation. Based on the experimental results, it is possible to resolve errors in colour conversion that can occur when the input image is switched from a large screen size to a mobile size display, and to reproduce the colours more accurately and improve the image quality.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2018

The digital colour reproduced on a display can be transferred to the image through various colour spaces, and the colour transferred to the image is one of the most important factors, among both subjective and objective factors, in image quality evaluation. Therefore, the digital colour must be continuously studied objectively and quantitatively along with the display development. At the same time, the subjective evaluation should be accompanied by systematic and quantitative research as the visual characteristics must be fully reflected. In this study, we applied different lightness levels of the background in order to examine the movement phenomenon of colour properties among the digital colour properties reproduced on the display. A psychophysical experiment was conducted for the condition where various colours were presented in the background, and the size of the colour stimulus was divided into the foveal vision and peripheral vision. Based on the evaluation results of the experiment, the colour properties movement phenomenon is identified according to the lightness of the background and the size of the colour stimulus for five colours among KS basic colours selected by experimental stimulus. Furthermore, a research direction to reproduce colour on displays in the future is proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1442-1447
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• 2014

This study examined the effect of the cold-warm color contrast of the learning-item on the learner's performance. To do this, experimental conditions were divided into three conditions: control condition, cold-warm contrast condition of background and figure, and cold-warm contrast condition of distracter and target. In addition, the OSPAN (operation span) task was used as the learning task. As a result, the rate of word recognition was higher in cold-warm contrast condition of distractor and target than any other condition. These results could be interpreted as enhancing effect.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

A scientific and systematic approach for digitally representing colours is essential for improving image quality. Therefore, there is a need for objectively analysing such approaches. Studies regarding display systems, which can reflect human visual characteristics in the digital media environment, and associated international standards at the forefront, have already caused significant impact. Colour is one of the most important factors employed for evaluating the overall image quality of displays. The proposed study focusses on colour properties which are based on the characteristics of the human peripheral vision area, with the primary objective of reproducing digital colours which can simulate human visual characteristics in the digital media environment. The proposed study aims at identifying digital colour characteristics which can vary according to the level of background lightness and the size of colour stimuli. Based on the evaluation results obtained through psychophysical experiments, a method has been proposed for determining peripheral vision characteristics which vary according to the increasing size of a colour stimulus, thereby digitally reproducing them on displays.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of restaurant in-store color and music congruency on consumer's emotional responses and behavioral intentions. The web survey was conducted among 400 customers(aged from 20~39 years old) who lived in Seoul and Kyunggi, Incheon Province. To find ensemble effect of color and music, 3D studio MAX were used to make high-stimulus(exciting) and low-stimulus(calm) and 3D virtual reality restaurant simulation stimulus were applied. The statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 and reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis were used. Based on the result of the conducting factor analysis, emotional responses were classified into 2 factors: positive emotion and negative emotion. Satisfaction was classified into 1 factor: satisfaction. Loyalty was classified into 1 factor: loyalty. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the reliability of the survey instrument. Consequently, restaurant in-store color and music congruency were shown to affect positive emotion and negative emotion. Positive emotion and negative emotion were shown to affect satisfaction. Satisfaction were shown to affect loyalty. Music congruency had a higher effect on positive emotion than color congruency. Color congruency had a higher effect on negative emotion than music congruency. The results of this study will serve as a basis of color and music congruency with restaurant atmospherics.