• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.233-233
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 3형식 다공성 인공어초의 국부세굴 발생에 따른 인공어초의 안정성 검토를 위하여 3차원 수치모형인 FLOW-3D의 Sediment 모듈을 적용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 실험파랑 설정을 위하여 인공어초 설치 예정지인 서해 대상해역(대청도, 연평도 인근)의 100년 빈도 설계파랑을 적용하였으며, Bretschneider-Mitsuyasu 스펙트럼 기법을 통하여 파랑을 재현하였다. 원형상격자 조건은 최대 0.1m~2.0m에 해당하며, 수치모형실험 해석 시간을 고려하여 입사파랑의 진행방향으로 인공어초의 1/2 폭에 해당하는 X축(190개), Y축(80개), Z축(110~180개) 영역에 대한 격자조건 설정하고 분석을 실시하였다. 분석은 인공어초 하중에 따른 동적 거동을 반영하는 FSI(Flood Structure Interaction)기법을 적용하였으며, 분석결과 인공어초 구조물 하단의 돌출부분에서 세굴발생이 확인되었으며, 최대세굴심은 3형식 인공어초의 규격 및 단위체적당 중량이 클수록 높게 발생하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4B
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• pp.243-251
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• 2012

To investigate the characteristics of rip current occurring at Haeundae beach, observations obtained from a buoy and a CCTV were analyzed and numerical experiments were conducted. During observed rip-current events, the CCTV images showed that a couple of wave-trains, which are close to regular waves with slightly different directions, propagated to the beach, and wavelet analyses of data from the buoy showed very narrow-banded spectra with a peak frequency. From the evidences, it was inferred that a known mechanism of generating rip current due to the nodal line area of honeycomb-patterned wave crest was one of the significant factors of rip current occurrences of Haeundae beach. The mechanism has been explained by the following: When two wave-trains with slightly different directions propagate to a beach, wave crests of the incident wave-trains form honeycomb pattern due to nonlinear interaction. The nodal lines of honeycomb pattern are developed in the cross-shore direction. And longshore currents flow toward the nodal line area which has very low wave energy. Consequently their mass flux is expelled through the area toward the sea direction. To confirm the generation, numerical experiments were performed using a nonlinear Boussinesq equation model. In the cases with two incident wave-trains with slightly different directions and with a monochromatic wave propagating over a submerged shoal, it was seen that the honeycomb pattern of wave crests was well developed, and thus rip currents were evolved along the nodal lines.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.405-419
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• 2002

Fracture roughness of rock specimens is observed by a new confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM; Olympus OLS1100). The wave length of laser is 488 nm, and the laser scanning is managed by a light polarization method using two galvano-meter scanner mirrors. The function of laser reflection auto-focusing enables us to measure line data fast and precisely. The system improves resolution in the light axis (namely z) direction because of the confocal optics. Using the CLSM, it is Possible to measure a specimen of the size up to $10{\;}{\times}{\;}10{\;}cm$ which is fixed on a specially designed stage. A sampling is managed in a spacing $2.5{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ along x and y directions. The highest measurement resolution of z direction is $10{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$, which is more accurate than other methods. Core specimens of coarse and fine grained granite are provided. Fractures are artificially maneuvered by a Brazilian test method. Measurements are performed along three scan lines on each fracture surface. The measured data are represented as 2-D and 3-D digital images showing detailed features of roughness. Line profiles of the coarse granites represent more frequent change of undulation than those of the fine granite. Spectral analyses by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) are performed to characterize the roughness data quantitatively and to identify influential frequency of roughness. The FFT results suggest that a specimen loaded by large and low frequency energy tends to have high values of undulation change and large wave length of fracture roughness.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.1 s.68
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• pp.37-42
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• 2006

In the ocean engineering field, information about the ocean environment is important for planning, design, and operation, especially the wave information. High precision wave data is also important for considering environmental problems, like efficient operation of ships. For this purpose, many methods were considered in the past. However, an on-board directing wave measurement system has not been incorporated. The use of conventional marine radar Plane Position Indicator (PPI) images allows the estimation of wave information on a real-time basis, using both space and time information, regarding the evolution of ocean surface waves. In order to achieve data acquisition, the Radar Scan Converter (RSC) has been developed. Three-dimensional analysis was performed. The comparison of wave information derived from this system, and that of wave buoy, shows that this wave field detecting system can be a useful tool.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

A digital retrodirective antenna system is easy to modify and upgrade because it can control the phase information of the output signal toward opposite direction to input signal without a priori knowledge of the arrival direction. Due to this advantage, it is possible to perform fast beam tracking. In this paper, a design digital retrosirective array antenna system according to the number of antenna array by using only one digital PLL which finds angle of delayed phase and we test BER performance of this system. When we transmit data at actual communication system, the data modulated onto carrier frequency in order to shift spectrum from base band to another band. So we simulate system considering carrier frequency according to the number of antenna array. As a result, carrier frequency has no impact on the performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2023

In recent years, the need for economical and sustainable ship routing has emerged due to the enforced regulations on environmental issues. Despite the development of weather forecasting technology, maritime accidents by rough waves have continued to occur due to incorrect weather forecasts. In this study, onboard measurements are conducted to observe the acutal situation on merchant ships in operation encountering rough waves. The types of measured data include information related to navigation (Ship's position, speed, bearing, rudder angle) and engine (engine revolutions, power, shaft thrust, fuel consumption), weather conditions (wind, waves), and ship motions (roll, pitch, and yaw). These ship experiments was conducted to 28,000 DWT bulk carrier, 63,000 DWT bulk carrier, 20,000 TEU container ship, and 12,000 TEU container ship. The actual ship experiment of each ship is intended to acquire various types of data and utilize them for multi-objective studies related to ship operation. Additionally, in order to confirm the sea conditions, the directional wave spectrum was reproduced using a wave simulation model. Through data collection from ship experiments and wave simulations, various studies could be proceeding such as the measurement for accurate wave information by marine radar and analysis for cargo collapse accidents. In addition, it is expected to be utilized in various themes from the perspective of safety and efficiency in ship operation.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.169-177
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• 2021

In this paper, horizontal seismic responses of a structure built on a sunken mat foundation were compared with those built on a solid embedded mat foundation to investigate the effect of a sunken mat foundation on the horizontal response of a structure. Seismic analyses of a structure laid on the embedded mat foundation were performed by utilizing a pseudo-3D finite element software of P3DASS. Three bedrock earthquake records downloaded from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center database were scaled to reproduce weak-moderate earthquakes. Weak, medium, and stiff soil layers were considered for the seismic analyses of the structure-foundation-soil system. Parametric studies were performed for foundation radius, foundation embedment depth, and shear wave velocity of a soil layer to investigate their effect on the seismic response spectrum. The study result showed that the design spectrum of a structure built on a sunken mat foundation was similar to that with a solid embedded mat foundation showing a slight difference due to almost the same seismic base motion beneath both embedded foundations.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.506-512
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• 2007

Various long chain aliphatic acid hydrazides react with aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes in alcoholic medium in refluxing conditions to give corresponding 2-hydroxy benzylidene and 1H-indol-3-ylmethylene hydrazides, a newer class of mosquito para-pheromones. We describe here synthesis of various novel long chain aliphatic acid (2- hydroxy benzylidene and 1H-indol-3-ylmethylene) hydrazides by conventional as well as microwave irradiation techniques. The structures of these compounds have been confirmed by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, NMR & MS). Some of the interesting features of the electron impact mass spectral fragmentation pattern of these compounds have also been discussed.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.266-277
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• 2023

In this study, fundamental research is conducted for the generation technique and analysis of multi-directional irregular waves in the Deep Ocean Engineering Basin (DOEB). A three-dimensional boundary element method-based numerical tank is implemented to perform wave generation simulations, and directional spectrum estimation is carried out using the results of simulations. The wave generation technique of the Snake type wave maker, generating multi-directional irregular waves, is implemented using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) algorithms. The wave generation technique is validated by comparing the wave spectrum from simulations and experiments. A Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) based estimation code is developed for estimating the directional wave spectra. The multi-directional irregular waves are tested in the DOEB and the numerical tank, and directional wave spectra obtained from two methodologies are estimated and compared. A correction procedure for the directional distribution of multi-directional waves is established, and the possibility of correcting the directional spreading function using the numerical tank is validated.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2014

If one identifies the detailed distribution of pressure and axial velocity at a source plane, the position and strength of major noise sources can be known, and the propagation characteristics in axial direction can be well understood to be used for the low noise design. Conventional techniques are usually limited in considering the constant source characteristics specified on the whole source surface; then, the source activity cannot be known in detail. In this work, a method to estimate the pressure and velocity field distribution on the source surface with high spatial resolution is studied. The matrix formulation including the evanescent modes is given, and the nearfield measurement method is proposed. Validation experiment is conducted on a wide duct system, at which a part of the source plane is excited by an acoustic driver in the absence of airflow. Increasing the number of evanescent modes, the prediction of pressure spectrum becomes further precise, and it has less than -25 dB error with 26 converged evanescent modes within the Helmholtz number range of interest. By using the converged modal amplitudes, the source parameter distribution is restored, and the position of the driver is clearly identified at kR = 1. By applying the regularization technique to the restored result, the unphysical minor peaks at the source plane can be effectively suppressed with the filtering of the over-estimated pure radial modes.