• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.132-137
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• 2001

Recently, the demand for notebook PC with lithium ion batteries has steadily increased and consumers require them to adopt a SBP(smart battery pack) able to predict the remaining capacity and the run time of batteries precisely. The SBP is composed of a protection If, by which safety of lithium ion batteries is maintained against overcharge, overdischarge and overcurrent, and a smart IC, which calculates the remaining capacity and the remaining run time. The protection IC shut abmormal current down by using overcharge/overdischarge FET. A SBS(smart battery system) is composed of a system host, a smart battery and a smart battery charger. The smart ICs for SBP will be required to provide a low cost, low current consumption and small size. There will need to develop a microcomputer control type IC and an optimum algorism which is able to predict the residual capacity and the residual run time precisely. SBS will apply to many kinds of industry fields such as an electric bicycle, an electric vehicle, a load levelling and a military.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

A plasma hydrophobic coating on commercial fish feed was conducted to prolong the floating time of feed, thereby enhancing the feed consumption rate and reducing the contamination of water in fish farms. The hydrophobic coating on the fish feed was prepared using an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), toluene and n-hexane as the precursors. The effect of the parameters such as input power, precursor type and coating time on the coating performance were examined. The physicochemical properties of the coating layer were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and a contact angle (CA) analyzer. The water CA increased after the coating preparation, indicating that the surface changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The FTIR characterization revealed that the hydrophobic layer was comprised of functional groups such as $CH_3$, Si-O-Si and Si-C. As a result of the hydrophobic coating, the floating time of the fish feed increased from several seconds to 3 minutes, which suggested that the plasma coating method could be a viable means for practical applications. Compared to the water CA measured as soon as the coating layer was prepared, the 6-day aged sample exhibited a substantial CA increase, confirming the aging effect on the improvement of the hydrophobicity.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

This study investigated the influence of atmospheric plasma factors such as RF power, treatment time, the gap distance between discharge and sample, and the gas flow rate of Ar on the surface property by using the design of experiment (DOE) method. The plasma treatment time (s), plasma power (W), gap distance (mm) between discharge and sample, and flow rate of Ar gas were in order of important factors for changing the surface free energy of PMMA plates. As a result, the most effective factor for improving the surface free energy of PMMA plates is the distance (mm) from discharge glow to sample plate. Because of the interaction between plasma power (W) and treatment time (s), the power dose (J) factor which multiply plasma power (W) by treatment time (s) should be significantly considered. The optimum condition for maximizing the surface free energy of PMMA plate was found at 1500J of power dose. Through XPS and AFM analysis, we also observed the change of chemical composition, surface morphology and roughness before and after plasma treatment. It is considered that the change of surface free energy of PMMA plate with plasma treatment is influenced by the introduction of polar functional group as well as the increase of surface roughness.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.271-281
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• 2005

An electromagnetic type shock wave generator suitable for extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been constructed by employing a solenoid coil. The Property of the shock waves produced by the shock wave generator was evaluated using a needle hydrophone. It was shown that, as the capacitor discharging voltage increased from 8 to 18 kV, the Positive Peak Pressure (P+) of the shock wave increased non-linearly from 10 to 77 Wa. In contrast. the negative peak Pressure (f) varied between -3.2 and -6.8 MPa. had its absolute maximum of -6.9 ma at 14 kV The peak amplitudes P+ measured repeatedly under the same voltage setting varied within $5\;\%$ from mean values and this is very small compared to about $50\;\%$ for electrohydraulic type shock wave generators. It could be observed, from the hydrophone signal recorded over 1 ms. several sequential acoustic impulses representing bubble collapses. namely. acoustic cavitation. induced by the shock wave. A technique based on wavelet transformation was used to accurately measure the time delay between the 1st and 2nd collapse known to be closely related to the shock strength. It was observed that the measured time delay increased almost linearly from 120 to $700\;{\mu}s$ with the shock wave Pressure P+ increasing from 10 to 77 MPa.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2021

In order to improve fuel economy and reduce CO2, HEV adopts ISG system as a standard. This ISG system increased the electric load that the battery had to bear, and the number of starting increased rapidly. AGM Lead Acid batteries have been developed and used, but the charging time is about three times longer as the electrolyte amount control during formation must be maintained at a higher level compared to conventional lead-acid batteries. In this study, we tried to shorten the charging time by increasing the charging efficiency through the optimization of the formation pattern. In order to optimize the Formation Pattern, 10 charging steps and 6 discharging steps were applied to 16 multi steps, and the charging current for each step was controlled, and the test was conducted under 4 conditions (21 hr, 24 hr, 27 hr, 30 hr). As a result of simultaneous application of multi-step and discharge step, it was verified that minimizing the current loss and eliminating the sudden polarization during charging contributes to the improvement of charging efficiency. As a result, it showed excellent results in reducing the charging time by about 30 % with improved charging efficiency compared to the previous one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.492-492
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• 2011

단일벽 탄소나노튜브(Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, SWCNTs)는 매우 우수한 전기적, 광전자적 특성을 가지고 있어 차세대 나노 전자소자 물질로 각광받고 있다. 특히, 이들의 전기적 특성은 직경과 카이랄리티(chirality)에 따라 금속성(metallic)과 반도체성(semiconducting)으로 구분된다. 각 특성에 따라 금속성은 투명전극, 반도체성은 전계효과 트랜지스터(CNT-FET)로 활용가능성이 높다. 하지만, 일반적으로 단일벽 탄소나노튜브는 이 두 가지의 특성이 혼재되어 합성되기 때문에, 그들의 선택적 분리는 나노튜브 기반 전자소자 응용을 위해 매우 중요한 과정 중 하나이다. 최근에는 반응 가스를 이용한 선택적 제거, 밀도차를 이용한 원심분리법(density gradient ultracentrifugation) 등 다양한 방법들이 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구는 대기 중에서 마이크로웨이브 조사하여 금속성 나노튜브만을 선택적으로 제거하였다. 마이크로웨이브 조사는 CVD 방법과 전기 방전법으로 성장된 단일벽 탄소나노튜브에 800W로 조사 시간을 변화하며 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 조사 시간이 증가할수록 두 종류의 나노튜브에서 반도체성 나노튜브는 남아있는 반면 금속성 나노튜브는 점차 제거되었다. 이러한 원인은 각 전기적 특성에 따른 유전상수 차이에 의하여 기인한 것이다. 전기적 특성과 결정성은 라만 분광법(Raman spectroscopy)을 통하여 분석하였으며, 직경 및 분산정도는 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscope), 투과전자현미경(tunneling electron microscope)으로 관찰하였다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.188-196
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• 2009

Due to its high power density, long cycle life and clean nature supercapacitors are widely used for improving the dynamic characteristics of the new and renewable energy sources and extending the battery run-time and life. In this paper improved dynamic model of the supercapacitor is developed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The developed model can be used to accurately estimate the dynamic behaviour of the supercapacitor and calculate the exact capacitance value at a certain state of charges. The model of the supercapacitor in the frequency domain is equivalently transformed into that in the time domain for Matlab/Simulink simulaton. The simulation data shows fine agreements with experimental results, thereby proving the validity and the accuracy of the developed model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.78-79
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• 2015

PVD 공정에서 다성분으로 이루어진 나노복합 코팅을 형성하는 것은 원소들간의 합금화 문제로 인해 어렵다. 따라서 일반적으로 두 개 이상의 원소타겟 또는 멀티타겟을 이용한 PVD+PECVD 의 융합공정에 의해 제조된다. 하지만 멀티타겟을 사용한 공정은 공정의 복잡화가 뒤따르며 신뢰성이 떨어진다. 본 연구에서는 멀티타겟의 단점을 보완하기 위해 Ti-Al-X(Cr, Si, B, V) 단일 합금 타겟을 제작하여 나노복합 코팅을 형성하고자 하였다. 기계적 합금화법을 통해 합금분말을 제조하였으며, 방전플라즈마소결법으로 합금 타겟을 제작하였다. 제작된 타겟을 이용하여 스퍼터링 장치를 통해 박막을 형성 하였다. 그 결과 분말은 밀링 시간 20시간에서 정상상태에 도달하였으며, 더 이상 분말의 입자는 줄어들지 않았다. 이때 분말의 입자크기는 $5{\sim}6{\mu}m$ 이었으며 결정립의 크기는 16~20nm 이었다. 소결을 통해 99% 이상의 진밀도를 갖는 합금타겟을 제작하였으며, 이때 결정립의 크기는 매우 미세하였다. 박막의 경우 모두 30GPa 이상의 고경도 특성을 나타냈다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.111.2-111.2
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• 2013

고주파 전자가속기는 고출력 RF 시스템으로 구동된다. 이러한 고주파 전자가속기에서 고출력 RF 시스템은 종종 고출력 방전으로 인해 가속관에 손상을 입힐 수 있기 때문에 조심스럽게 RF conditioning을 진행 하여야 한다. 일반적으로 RF conditioning은 아주 긴 시간을 필요로 하고, RF 출력을 서서히 높여가며 진행할 필요성이 있다. 한국원자력연구원에서는 9 MeV와 6 MeV 에너지를 출력하기 위해서는 가속관으로 RF 입력을 약 5.5 MW까지 RF conditioning을 진행하여야 한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 Klystron 최대 출력이 약 5.5 MW로 한국원자력연구원에서 개발된 S-band (2,856 MHz) RF 전자가속관에 RF conditioning을 진행 하였다. 가속관의 진공을 약 1.0e-7을 유지하면서 반복률을 10 Hz부터 180 Hz로 증가시켰고, RF 입력 파워는 약 6 MW까지 RF conditioning을 진행 하였다. 그 결과 짧은 시간에 RF commissioning을 진행할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 2013

In this paper, plasma modeling is achieved using fluid dynamics, thereby electron density is derived. The way proposes the key to overcoming the limitations of conventional researches which adopt simplified plasma model. The result is coupled with Maxwell-Boltzmann system in order to calculate scattering waves in various incident angle. The first part is dedicated to perform plasma modeling in dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) structure. Suzen-Huang model is adopted among various models due to the fact that it uses time independent variables to calculated potential and electron distribution in static system. The second part deals with finite difference time domain(FDTD) scheme which computes the scattered waves when the modulated Gaussian pulse is incident. Founded on it, radar cross section(RCS) is observed. Consequently, RCS is decreased by 1~2 dB with DBD plasma. The result is analogous to the RCS measurement in other researches.