• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2013

Whole body bone scan has been used to confirm bone metastasis and follow-up study with radio isotope. However, if the factors related to $^{99m}Tc$ uptake and waiting time for study are inappropriate, it would be image of low quality. The purpose of present study was to investigate correlation between the evaluation index of renal function and uptake of radiopharmaceuticals. The population for this retrospective study consisted of 387 patients who underwent whole body bone scan between June 2012 and December 2012. As a result of quantitative and qualitative analysis, we were able to confirm that GFR of less than normal range and creatinine levels in blood of more than average are more likely to be under the mean uptake rate. As a result of analysis on the indicator affecting soft-tissue and bone uptake, the correlation of all elements was somewhat low. Also there are no statistically significances due to the other parameters we did not deal with. Therefore, further research on additional factors is needed for exact study and improvement of the image quality.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1977

Monoiodobromosulfophthalein-$^{131}$ I (MIBSP-$^{131}$ I), one of the useful radiopharmaceuticals for liver function studies, has been prepared by a simple isotope exchange between the MIBSP and the molecular iodine-$^{131}$ I in phosphate buffer, pH 5.3. The pooled cold MIBSP was prepared by a normal iodination of BSP using iodine monochloride, and separated from the iodination mixture by applying a Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. At 10$0^{\circ}C$, the exchange rate was so fast that the reaction could be terminated in 5 min to show upto 95% yield. The final product could be obtained simply by further heating for about 5 min in a boiling water bath in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and subsequent pH adjustment and membrane filtration.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.193-195
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• 1999

There is considerable interest in $^{188}Re$ due to its favorable properties as a therapeutic radionuclide $^{188}Re$ and $^{99m}Tc$ act as a matched pair because of their similar chemical properties, and therefore methods of labeling with $^{99m}Tc$ can be applied to the labeling with $^{188}Re$. With appropriately chosen agents as carriers of $^{188}Re$, the labeling can be readily carried out using $^{188}ReO_4^-$ in the presence of a reducing agent. $^{188}Re$ radio-pharmaceuticals based on $^{99m}Tc$ complexes have been synthesized and are currently being studied for clinical use. Some of them are shown to be suitable for therapeutic use and promising for radiotherapy in nuclear medicine.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1986

It is an experimental report about optimum window-width on radionuclides $^{99m}Tc$ and $^{131}I$ and obtained results as follows; 1. In case of $^{99m}Tc$, a) The difference of counting rate in each window-width is greater at the below 20% window than above 20% window-width. b) BKG counting is proportionated to the window-width. 2. In case of $^{131}I$, a) The counting rate increased according to the window-width but the increasing course is not equal in all window. The difference of counting rate is greater at the below of 20% window-width than above 20% window. b) BKG counting is proportionated to the window-width.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.525-529
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• 2007

Regulation for the radiopharmaceuticals should be reasonably different from that of other drugs. Radiopharmaceuticals are always used by compounding based on the doctor's order, have short half life and very low administration dose. Its pharmacological effect is not from its chemical effect but from radiation. The background for exploratory IND (Investigational New Drug) explained by the FDA was to reduce the time and resources expended on candidate products that are unlikely to suceed, new tools are needed to distinguish earlier in the process those candidates that hold promise from those that do not. In this review, basic concept for exploratory IND and RDRC guideline is summarized and various suggestions for improving and expediting procedure for new radiopharmaceutical development would be described.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.398-406
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• 2013

Nuclear medicine imaging devices such as PET diagnose disease after injecting radiopharmaceuticals in human body for diagnosis. Radiopharmaceuticals should maintain the proper pH for human body safety. In general, pH paper is used to measure the pH of the radiopharmaceutical. pH of the sample compared with the standard color chart is used for measurement. However, the pH reading difference according to the experience of a rater can be generated. Also, a pH meter for measuring pH has a high sensitivity and contamination of the sensor must be avoided. In this paper, we developed the new hardware device for pH reading method and software was developed with vision algorithm to measure pH easily and simply.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

The nanofibers fabricated by using an electrohydrodynamic process has been used as various applications, such as nano-device, filtering system, protective clothes, wound dressing, and drug delivery system (DDS). Of these applications, the DDS should be needed to minimize side effects of drugs, maximize the properties of medicine, and efficiently deliver the required amount of drugs to the diseased area. In this paper, by using the electro spinning process, which is one of electrohydrodynamic processes, two different types, polycarprolactone and poly(ethylene oxide)/Rhodamine B, of electrospun mats were fabricated layer by layer and the release behavior of Rhodamine B was characterized with time. In addition, to show the feasibility of DDS of this type, we tested release behavior of a peptide of the nanofiber system, a PCL/(Peptide+PEO)/PCL nanofiber mat. The released peptide did not loss biological activities. From these results, we believe that the layered nanofiber mat as a DDS has enough function of a new drug delivery system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.297-303
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• 2019

The nuclear medicine department of a domestic medical institution uses $^{99m}TcI$, a radionuclide, from $^{99}Mo/^{99m}TcI$ Generator, to inject radioactive drugs into patients. Among the expired generators, imported from foreign countries, the medical institution implements its own disposal. Each medical institution shall satisfy the permitted in-house disposal concentration of radioactive wastes. The guidelines for self-disposal presented in Korea suggested that self-disposal can be performed 80 days after the generator is used. The purpose of these guidelines is to analyze them by comparing them with the data measured directly with the generator and to study if they are feasible. As a result, the generator with a capacity of 1,000 mCi has the longest half-life, and when tested with a high-radiation Mo(molybdenum) column, the number of days that are below the permitted concentration of body disposal with radioactive waste was 72 days and 71 days that were derived from direct column measurement. The results of the direct study confirmed that the guidelines for in-house disposal in Korea were reasonable, as there were 8 to 9 days of storage compared to the number of in-house disposal days provided in the guidelines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.365-369
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• 2013

Intravenous injection is administered with radioactive medical isotopes to detect disease on Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In this case, typically, $^{18}FDG$ (Fluorodeoxyglucose) is used as a radioactive medicine. Cassette equipment is needed to synthesize deoxyglucose with $^{18}F$, produced by medical cyclotron. Production of radioactive medicine creates a lot of radiation, thus Hot Cell is used to shield a secondary radiation. We measured the radiation dosage flowing out of the hot cell during synthesis of $^{18}FDG$ or distribution. The purpose of this study is to provide the information of radiation dosage regarding the occupational exposure that unintentionally occurs during the synthesis of $^{18}FDG$. In conclusion, we confirmed the radiation dosage out of the hot cell during the $^{18}FDG$ synthesis. Especially, we observed that the radiation flowed out through the lead window, attached as a view port. Thus, it is considered that the improvement of a lead window is necessary in order to decrease the occupational exposure during the $^{18}FDG$ synthesis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 1967

The iodine containing radiopharmaceuticals, Hippuran, L-Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Rose Bengal, RISA, MAA, Triolein, Oleic acid and sterilized iodide solution were prepared. The labelling yield was av. 100-70%. The exchange method, iodination method, and chloramine-T procedure for a low temperature iodination were adopted as the preparative procedures. The preparative procedures and pyrogen free test of products were described and the distribution activity of the products in this institute was reported.