• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.267-275
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• 1992

Remote afterloading high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) is a new technology and needs new biological principle for time and dose schedule. Here, authors attempt to evaluate the technique and clinical outcome in 116 patients, 590 procedures peformed at Asan Medical Center for 3 years. From Sep. 1989 to Aug 1992, 471 procedures of intracavitary radiation in 58 patients of cervical cancer and 26 of nasopharyngeal cancer,79 intraluminal radiation in 12 of esophageal cancer, 11 of endobronchial cancer and 1 Klatskin tumor and 40 interstitial brachytherapy in 4 of breast cancer, 1 sarcoma and 1 urethral cancer were performed. Median follow-up was 7 months with range $1\~31$ months. All procedures except interstitial were performed under the local anesthesia and they were all well tolerated and completed the planned therapy except 6 patients. 53/58 patients with cervical cancer and 22/26 patients with nasopharynx cancer achieved CR. Among 15 patients with palliative therapy, $80{\%}$ achieved palliation. We will describe the details of the technique and results in the text. To evaluate biologic effects of HDRB and optimal time/dose/fractionation schedule, we need longer follow-up. But authors feel that HDRB with proper fractionation schedule may yield superior results compared to the low dose rate brachytherapy considering the advantages of HDRB in safety factor for operator, better control of radiation dose and volume and patients comfort over the low dose brachytherapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2014

A 16-year-old female Shih-Tzu, weighing 5 kg, presented with clinical symptoms of abdominal distension and urinary and fecal incontinence. Abdominal palpation detected a large mass. According to the radiographic findings, the bladder had been moved to the umbilicus by the mass and a large abdominal mass was confirmed in the lower abdominal area. Ultrasonography indentified a large heterogeneous mass with heterogeneous parenchyma and a focal anechoic area in the lower abdominal area. The complete blood count abnormalities suggested thrombocytosis and mild neutrophilia, and the serum chemistry indicated an elevated alkaline phosphatase value. During laparotomy, a firm mass that measured $10.5{\times}9.6cm$ was found between the uterine cervix and urinary bladder. The urethra was embedded in the mass. A diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was established based on histopathology and histochemistry. One week after surgery, urinary retention symptoms that did not appear to be related to mechanical obstruction presented suddenly, but they did not respond to several drug treatments, thus long-term conservative therapy was adopted. The urinary symptoms disappeared on day 27 and the patient started to void large quantities of urine in a smooth and frequent manner. This case report describes the serial changes in the patient's status and the response after surgical remove of the urethra embedding leiomyosarcoma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 1998

We analyzed the mammographic (n=21) findings (location, margin, shape, cluster microcalcifications, size, multiplicity) and ultrasonographic (n=12) findings (shape, border, internal echo, boundary echo, posterior echo, lateral echo, width/depth ratio) to evaluate specific radiologic findings of histopathologically proved uncommon breast cancer. The mammographic findings (n=21) are as follow; 1) single; 16, multiple; 5 2) margin (smooth; 13, irregular; 4, spiculated; 4) 3) shape (round and ovoid; 9, lobulated; 8, irregular; 4) 4) cluster micro calcifications (abscent; 20, present; 1) 5) size (1-3cm; 18, 3-5cm; 2, 5cm> ; 1) 6) location (UOQ; 13, UIQ; 4, LIQ; 3, LOQ; 1). The ultrasonographic findings (n=12) are as follow; 1) shape (round to oval; 5, lobulated; 5, irregular; 2) 2) border (smooth even; 9, rough uneven; 3) 3) internal echo (fine homogeneous; 5, coarse heterogeneous; 7) 4) boundary echo (regular fine; 4, irregular thick; 8) 5) posterior echo (enhanced; 11, no change; 1) 6) lateral echo (marked; 7, nonexistent; 5) 7) width/depth ratio (1.5> ; 1, 1.0-1.5; 7, 1.0< ; 4). Uncommon breast cancer show benign nature on mammogram, but malignant nature on ultrasonogram (especially boundary echo, internal echo, width/depth ratio).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2019

Salt stress is a significant factor limiting growth and productivity in crops. However, little is known about the response and resistance mechanism to salt stress in maize. The objective of this research was to develop an enhanced salt-tolerant silage maize by mutagenesis with gamma radiation. To generate gamma radiation-induced salt-tolerant silage maize, we irradiated a KS140 inbred line with 100 Gy gamma rays. Salt tolerance was determined by evaluating plant growth, morphological changes, and gene expression under NaCl stress. We screened 10 salt-tolerant maize inbred lines from 2,248 M₂ mutant populations and selected a line showing better growth under salt stress conditions. The selected 140RS516 mutant exhibited improved seed germination and plant growth when compared with the wild-type under salt stress conditions. Enhanced salt tolerance of the 140RS516 mutant was attributed to higher stomatal conductance and proline content. Using whole-genome re-sequencing analysis, a total of 328 single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions or deletions were identified in the 140RS516 mutant. We found that the expression of the genes involved in salt stress tolerance, ABP9, CIPK21, and CIPK31, was increased by salt stress in the 140RS516 mutant. Our results suggest that the 140RS516 mutant induced by gamma rays could be a good material for developing cultivars with salt tolerance in maize.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.556-561
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• 2008

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation of a tumor supressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 17. There are two types of neurofibromatosis, and development of neurofibroma is one of clinical diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis. The clinical signs of neurofibromatosis include as skin lesions, bone deformities, and tumors involving central nervous system. About 25% of neurofibromatosis involves oral neurofibroma. Radiographically, oral neurofibroma is well-defined unilocular radiolucency, which involves mandibular canal, mandibular foramen and mental foramen. When a lesion is small and approachable, complete resection, including 1cm of marginal connective tissue, is feasible. However, there are studies reporting that the recurrence rate after surgical resection is high and frequent recurrence may even increase the risk of malignant transformation. This case reports a patient with neurofibromatosis type I, accompanying oral neurofibroma, who shows a favorable result after surgical resection of the oral lesion.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.411-419
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• 1993

A total of 44 patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas had received conservative surgery and radiation therapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine between Jan. 1980 and Dec. 1990. Initial surgical treatment consisted of intracapsular excision in 33 patients $(75\%),$ marginal excision in 9 patients, and wide excision in two patients. Total radiation doses were between 40Gy and 65Gy (median 60 Gy). Median follow-up period was 47 months. Overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was $76.9\%$ and 5-year recurrence free survival rate was $39.3\%.$ There was no statistically significant prognostic factors but the 5-year survival rates tended to be decreased in the patients with high grade tumors and treated with narrow surgical extent. Sixteen patients recurred during fellow-up (16/31, $51.6\%).$ The incidence of initial local recurrence was $22.6\%$ (7/31) and distant metastasis was $29\%(9/31).$ Of the 7 who did not have metastasis at diagnosis of local recurrence, 5 were submitted to a salvage treatment. All of them achieved local control and distant metastasis appeared in three of them. In conclusion, conservative surgery and radiation therapy in the patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas was the effective treatment modality.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.235-245
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• 1989

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma that can arise in any site of the body containing striated muscle or its mesenchymal analgae. It is the most common childhood sarcoma with two peak age frequencies, one at ages 2 to 6, and one in the adolescence. The site, stage and extent of disease, and pathologic characteristics of the tumor contribute to prognostic factors that influence therapeutic decisions. The results of treatment of 52 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, who were treated at Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yosei Cancer Center from 1976 to 1987 were retrospectively analyzed. The most frequent clinical group and primary sites were IRS group III (57.7%) and head and neck (42.3%) including orbit (11.5%) and parameningeal region(13.5%). The overall and disease free 5 year survival rate of eligible 41 patients were 31.7%, 29.3%, respectively. The complete remission (CR) rate was 50% in clinical group III and 0% in IV. Primary tumors of the orbit, clinical group 1 and embryonal subtype had the best prognosis. The Survival rate was improved by additiion of chemotherapy to operation and radiation therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.816-822
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of gamma-irradiated apigenin against various human cancer cells. Structural changes were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Gamma-irradiated apigenin showed a new peak distinguished from the main peak of apigenin (non-irradiated). Cytotoxic effects in human normal cells (HS68) were not observed upon gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated apigenin treatment. However, gamma-irradiated apigenin treatment significantly increased cytotoxicity against non-small lung cancer cells. For apoptosis induction activity tested by Annexin V/PI staining, gamma-irradiated apigenin showed a stronger effect than non-irradiated apigenin, and the level of reactive oxygen species was apparently elevated by gamma-irradiated apigenin treatment. These results suggest that gamma irradiation could be an effective method for development of a new physiological compound from an original compound by inducing structural changes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1979

A calculation is presented of air-scattered gamma rays using the modified single-scattering approximation. The air-scattered tissue dose rates are calculated for a general purpose taking into account (a) the buildup and exponential attenuation, (b) the energy spectrum at the position of question and (c) the geometrical scattering volume in three dimensions. These calculations have been further modified to render them applicable to a typical field irradiation facility which is surrounded by a shield wall and in which the source is fitted with a beam collimating device. The results of the calculation include the energy spectra, angular distribution and tissue does rates at source-receiver separation distances of from 35m to 300m. The comparison shows that the present method developed may be generally adequate for the gamma-ray air-scattering problems in field irradiation facilities if energy and angular distribution at the shield are unimportant.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 1979

A simple method for determining the airborne concentration of radon daughter products has been developed, which is based on gross alpha counting of the air filter collections at several time intervals after completion of air sampling. The concentration of each nuclide is then obtained from an equation involving the alpha disintegrations, the sampling time, and the known numerical coefficients. The state of radioactive disequilibrium is also investigated. The atmosphere sampled in the TRIGA Mark-III reactor room was largely in disequilibrium. The extent of radioactive disequilibrium between radon daughter products seems likely depend on sampling times associated with turbulence conditions. The data obtained here will certainly provide useful information on the evaluation of internal exposure and calibration of effluent monitoring instruments.