• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.543-549
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• 1999

For development of an integrated calorimetric bio-reactor to measure the metabolic heat dissipated during cell growth, a 5 liter jar fermenter was modified to measure the pulse length of automatic temperature control signals to set heater on and off, and the to send them to computer to calculate the cumulative heat supplied. Cumulative heats for the calorimetric reactor in the absence of cell growth, were measured with varying conditions. The heat loss by the aeration was 30.9 kJ/vvm and the loss to ambient air was 10.5 kJ/L/hr/$^{\circ}C$. Cumulative heat was measued within $\pm$0.2% when testing with a small electri heater submerged in the reactor. Metabolic heat was measured to be 0.76 and 0.76 and 11.4kJ per g consumption of glucose during cultivation of S. cerevisiae and E. coli, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.587-595
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• 2000

The most problems of domestic sewage for BNR(Biological Nutrients Removal) process are deficiency of carbon source and low C/N ratio. Primary sludge fermentation is seemed to be one of the best solutions producing biodegradable organic substrates. Soluble organic materials from sludge fermentation are mainly SCFAs(Short-Chain Fatty Acids) with 2~5 carbon atoms. In this research, it was attempted to apply $A_2/O$ process with the side-stream acid fermenter to improve the nutrients removal efficiency. The result showed that proper SCFAs production is about 3.000mg/L with SRT of 4~5 days. SCFAs yield of approximately 0.10~0.16 mg SCFAs(as COD) per mg of primary sludge(as COD) were achieved. The ratio of acetic. propionic. butyric and valerie acid were 1, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.6. Significant improvements of nutrients removal over 70% in BNR process were observed. thus will reduce the demand for chemical dosing to increase nutrients removal efficiency. When the fermentate was entered $A_2/O$ process, the ratio of phosphate release to substrate uptake amounts to $0.34gPO_4-Pg^{-1}COD$.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-52
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• 1990

발효공업이 발달되면서 발효조의 scale-up에 대한 문제는 꾸준하게 연구되어져 왔다. 이 scale-up은 미생물 뿐만 아니라 최근에는 동물이나 식물 그리고 곤충세포의 대량배양을 위해서도 계속적으로 연구되고 있는 분야이다. 수많은 생물반응기가 개발되었고 또 개발중에 있는데, 각 반응기에 대한 scale-up의 방법은 서로 상이할 수 있기 때문에 본 고에서는 현재 산업계에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 전통적인 교반조 발효기에 대한 scale-up의 원리와 응용을 다루고자 한다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 1979

Air lift fermentor (ALF) is widely used for production of single-cell protein (SCP) from hydrocarbon and other carbon sources, because oxygen transfer efficiency is believed to be superior in the ALF to that in other conventional fermentors. However, the performance of ALF in terms of mixing is somewhat questionable. In this research, we studied about the performance of the ALF in SCP production using methanol fermentation process as a model system. The results show that ALF could be employed for SCP production or other fermentation processes when substrate is miscible and used at low concentration. With a high substrate concentration, it must be operated under high pressure or low dilution rate to meet the adequate oxygen transfer requirement.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.506-511
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• 2009

In order to improve the bacterial cellulose(BC) production yield, centrifugal and inclined centrifugal impellers were developed. A 6 flat-blade turbine impeller was used as a control system. The flow pattern in the fermenter and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient($k_La$) of these fermentation systems were studied. Fermentations were carried out for the production of BC by G. hansenii PJK in a 2-L jar fermenter equipped with new impellers. Liquid medium was circulated from the bottom, through the cylinder of the impeller and to the wall. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients, $k_La$, of inclined centrifugal and centrifugal impeller systems at 100 rpm were 23 and 15% of the conventional turbine impeller system, respectively. However, the conversion of microbial cells to cellulose non-producing mutant decreased and this results in the increase in BC production at low rotating speed of impellers.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

As the experimental results of membrane application for the production and recovery of volatile fatty acids, suspended solids concentration, the number of acid producing bacteria and organic acid concentration increased with membrane coupling in the fermenter. The application of membrane for the efficiency increase of solid-liquid separation and fermentation made the number of acid producing bacteria increase in the fermenter, thus acid forming rate showed higher value than that of membrane-free fermenter. Membrane-coupled fermenter was believed to be an effective technology for the improvement of recovery efficiency of volatile fatty acids from organic sludge.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.241-247
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• 1999

Experimental studies were carried out to optimize the culture conditions of Corynebacterium diphtheriae for the production of diphtheria toxin. A new media which does not contain any meat digest products was selected. The main ingredient of new medium was enzymatic digests of casein known as NZ-Case. In fermenter experiments, the toxin production was increased with the increase of cell growth. The optimum initial pH of media, air flow rate and agitation speed were 7.0, 0.22, vvm and 400 rpm, respectively. The contents of iron and calcium-phosphate precipitate were important for maximal cell growth and toxin production. The optimum concentration of iron was 0.3 mg/L and calcium-phosphate precipitate could serve in gradual supply of iron to maintain the optimal culture condition which is required for enhanced yield of toxin production. In potency test, the potency of toxoid from fermentor culture was higher than that from static culture. When diphtheria toxin is produced by fermentor culture, it is possible to produce higher levels of toxin and better toxoid quality in terms of safety, yield, productivity and immunity.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.40-41
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• 1993

생물 ㅏ반응기의 생산성을 높이기 위해서는 반응기내의 미생물 농도를 높이는 것이 필요하다. 미생물 농도를 높이기 위한 한 방법으로써 막을 이용한 미생물 재순환에 대한 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 이러한 연구들은 발효조 밖에서 막을 이용하여 미생물을 분리하여 다시 발효조 내로 순환시키는 방법이 주를 이루어 왔으나 이들은 공정이 복잡하고 고분자 합성막을 이용한 경우 고온 멸균의 어려움이 있는등 산업화하는데 여러가지 문제점을 가지고 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.95-96
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• 1998

1. 서론 : 발효조를 통해서 생성되는 유기산은 주로 아세트산과 프로피온산으로 나타나는데 이는 배양액중에 2-3% 정도로 희석되어 있다. 이러한 유기산을 선택적으로 분리하여 농축시켜야만 제설제로 사용되는 유기산 염을 제조하는 공정에 적용할 수 있다. 일반적으로 유기산은 석유화합물로부터 얻어지는 것을 사용하여 왔는데 발효조를 통하여 얻어지는 유기산을 이용하는 경우 자원의 재활용을 통하여 얻어지는 생성물을 이용한다는 측면외에도 에너지를 절약할 수 있는 장점을 가질 수 있어서 에너지환경적인 측면에서 기대되는 공정이다. (생략)

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.04a
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• pp.19-22
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• 1991

생물 반응기내에 미생물 농도를 높이기 위한 한 방법으로써 막을 이용한 미생물 재순환에 대한 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 이러한 연구들은 발효조 밖에서 막을 이용하여 미생물을 분리하여 다시 발효조 내로 순환시키는 방법이 주를 이루었으나 이들은 공정이 복잡하고 고분자 합성막을 이용한 경우 고온 멸균의 어려움 등 산업화하는데 여러가지 문제점을 가지고 있었다.