• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.64-68
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• 2014

For the safe handling of cyclohexanol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of cyclohexanol in the reference data. The flash points and auto-ignition temperatures (AITs) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of cyclohexanol by using closed-cup tester were experimented in$60^{\circ}C{\sim}64^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of cyclohexanol by using open cup tester were experimented in $66^{\circ}C{\sim}68^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for cyclohexanol. The AIT of cyclohexanol was experimented as $297^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit (LEL) and the upper explosion limit UEL) by the measured the lower flash point and the upper flash point of cyclohexanol were calculated as 0.95 Vol% and 10.7 Vol%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.70-76
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• 2013

For the safe handling of styrene, this study was investigated the explosion limits of styrene in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. As a results, the lower and upper explosion limits of styrene recommended 0.9 Vol.% and 8.0 Vol.%, respectively. The lower flash points of styrene by using closed-cup tester were experimented $29^{\circ}C{\sim}31^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of styrene by using open cup tester were experimented $32^{\circ}C{\sim}36^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for styrene. The experimental AIT of styrene was $460^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

가스 공정에서 취급하는 가연성물질의 연소 특성 파악은 공정의 안전 확보에 가장 중요한 문제이다. 따라서 연소특성들은 가연성물질이 공정의 취급상 부주의로 인해 누출되어 주위에 공기와 혼합되면 화재 및 폭발이 발생할 수 있는 잠재적 위험성을 평가할 수 있다. 연소특성들로는 폭발한계, 인화점, 최소자연발화점, 최소산소농도, 최소발화에너지, 연소열 등을 들 수 있다/sup 1)/.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.154-159
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• 2003

화학공장과 제조업 등의 사업장에서 발생하는 화재 및 폭발은 설비와 건물의 파괴뿐만 아니라 사업장의 근로자와 인근 주민에 대한 인명 피해까지 초래하는 경우가 많으므로 공정 안전을 위해 화재 및 폭발 분야의 연구에 많은 관심을 가져야 한다. 방화(Fire Protection) 및 방폭(Fire Protection)에 관련되는 특성치로 MSDS의 5번째 항목인 폭발화재시대처방법(Fire-fighting Measures)에서는 폭발(연소)한계(Explosive Limit 혹은 Flammability Limit), 인화점(Flash Point), 최소발화온도(AIT： Auto-ignition Temperature)가 제시되고 있다.(중략)

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

Sesame seed oil cakes are classified as the animal or plant origin among the flammable liquids, and the fire occurs due to the spontaneous ignition through the accumulation of heat during the storage of residues after the extraction of sesame oil. In order to elucidate the cause of the spontaneous ignition of sesame seed oil cakes, the thickness (3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm and 14 cm) of the sample container was varied, and the spontaneous ignition temperature was measured depending on the storage volume. Thus, the spontaneous ignition temperature was measured to be 180 ℃ at the thickness of 3 cm, 160 ℃ at 5 cm, 145 ℃ at 7 cm and 130 ℃ at 14 cm. As the thickness of the sample container increased, the critical ignition temperature decreased, and the induction time to spontaneous ignition and the time to reach the maximum temperature became longer. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy by the critical ignition temperature, which is the average temperature of ignition and non-ignition, was 97.10 [kJ/mol]. With these data, ignition characteristics of sesame seed oil cakes were determined.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.623-628
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• 2017

Using wood pellets, which are used as fuel for thermal power generation plants, as test specimens, the minimum spontaneous ignition temperatures according to the size of the container for the test specimens were measured, and by applying the Frank-Kamenetskii theories on thermal energy to these temperatures, the danger factor of the materials were calculated by deriving the apparent activation energies. The results confirmed that the ignition threshold temperature decreased as the size of the container increased and that the spontaneous ignition energy was 37.83 kcal/mol. The results also confirmed that the larger the container for the test specimens was the time to arrive at the spontaneous ignition time and maximum temperature also increased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.2 s.31
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

For the safety design and operation of many gas process, it is necessary to know certain explosion limit, flash point, auto ignition temperature and minimum oxygen concentration of handling substances. Also it is necessary to know explosion limit at high temperature and pressure. For the safe handling of propane, explosion limit and autoignition temperature of combustion characteristics for propane were investigated. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of propane recommended 2.0 vol% and 10.0 vol%, respectively. Also autoignition temperatures of propane with ignition sources recommended $450^{\circ}C$ at the electrically heated cruicible fumace(the whole surface heating) and recommended about $960^{\circ}C$ at the local hot surface. The new equations for predicting the temperature and the pressure dependence of the explosion limits of propane are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

For the safety design and operation of many gas process, it is necessary to know certain explosion limit, flash point, autoignition temperature (AIT) and minimum oxygen concentration of handling substances. Also it is necessary to know explosion limit at high temperature and pressure. In this study for the safe handling of hydrogen, explosion limit and AIT of combustion properties for hydrogen were investigated. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of hydrogen recommended 4.0 vol% and 77.0 vol%. Also the AIT of hydrogen with ignition sources recommended $400^{\circ}C$ at the electrically heated crucible furnace (the whole surface heating) and recommended $640^{\circ}C$ at the local hot surface. The new equations for predicting the temperature and the pressure dependence of the explosion limits of hydrogen are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.474-478
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• 2018

For process safety, fire and explosion characteristics of combustible materials handled at industrial fields must be available. The combustion properties for the prevention of the accidents in the work place are flash point, fire point, explosion limit, and autoignition temperature (AIT) etc.. However, the combustion properties suggested in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are presented differently according to the literatures. The accurate combustion properties are necessary to safely treatment, transportation and handling of flammable substances. In the chemical industries, n-ethylaniline which is widely used as a raw material of intermediate products and rubber chemicals was selected. For safe handling of n-ethyl aniline, the flash point, the fire point and the AIT were measured. The lower explosion limit (LEL)of n-ethylaniline was calculated using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of n- ethylaniline by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $77^{\circ}C$ and $82^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-ethylaniline using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $85^{\circ}C$ and $92^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of the measured n-ethyl aniline by the ASTM E659 apparatus was measured at $396^{\circ}C$. The LEL of n-ethylaniline measured by Setaflash closed-cup tester at $77^{\circ}C$ was calculated to be 1.02 vol%. In this study, it was possible to predict the LEL by using the lower flash point of n-ethylaniline measured by closed-cup tester. The relationship between the ignition temperature and the ignition delay time of the n-ethylaniline proposed in this study makes it possible to predict the ignition delay time at different ignition temperatures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.26-33
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• 2001