• 월간산업보건
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• s.385
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• pp.9-13
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• 2020

삼염화인(Phosphorus trichloride)의 노출기준은 눈, 피부, 점막 그리고 호흡기계 기관지 자극의 가능성을 최소화하기 위해 TLV-TWA는 0.2ppm(1.1 mg/㎥), TLV-STEL은 0.5ppm(2.8 mg/㎥)으로 권고하였다. 삼염화인은 직접 피부 접촉 시 심각한 화상을 유발할 수 있으며 공기 중 농도 2ppm~27ppm 범위에서 작업자가 급성 노출되면 인두, 기침, 호흡 곤란 및 심한 천식 기관지염을 유발하는 것으로 보고되었다. 물 또는 습한 공기에서 삼염화인은 염산 및 인산으로 분해된다.(ACGIH의 인산 TLV 문서를 참조하는 것이 필요함). 피부흡수(Skin), 감작제(SEN)의 경고주석과 발암성을 표기하기에는 유용한 자료가 충분하지 않다.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.384
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• pp.19-23
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• 2020

눈, 피부 및 호흡기 자극의 가능성을 최소화하기 위해 오황화인(Phosphorus pentasulfide)에 대한 직업적 노출기준 TLV-TWA는 1 mg/㎥ 그리고 TLV-STEL은 3 mg/㎥으로 권고하였다. 오황화인에 대한 독성 자료는 거의 없으며 오황화인은 습한 공기에서 인산(Phosphoric acid)과 황화수소(Hydrogen sulfide)로 쉽게 가수 분해된다는 사실에 근거하여 인산에 대한 독성 자료로 TLV를 권고하였다.(현재의 인산에 대한 TLV 문서 참조) 피부 흡수(Skin), 감작제(SEN), 그리고 발암성 표기에 대한 경고주석(notation)을 권고하기에는 유용한 자료가 충분하지 않다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2008

Water quality standards (WQS) are mandatory to guarantee the human health and protection of aquatic ecosystems, and maintain the condition of suitable water quality. The present WQS for the protection of human health in Korea contain nine substances (As, Cd, $Cr^{6+}$, CN, Pb, Hg, ABS, organophosphorus compounds and PCBs), but it is insufficient to preserve the human and aquatic ecosystem from a variety of chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the substance of WQS for the protection of human health. In this study, we chose the 20 chemicals from 43 chemicals of the project entitled 'Development of Integrated Methodology for Evaluation of Water Environment'. The methodology for calculating water quality criteria was amended from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)'s equation for deriving ambient water quality criteria for the protection of human health. The factors including fish intake, drinking water intake, and human body weight used in the equation reflected Korean situations. The monitoring values were derived from the water quality monitoring data in Korean four main rivers. The orders of priorities of chemicals were evaluated by human health risk assessment, and the proposed WQS was derived by technical and economic analyses. These results were reflected to expand the WQS for the protection of human health.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-29
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• 1998

Recently, It is increasing popularity to research on the soil remediation in aspect of management by reason of the hazardous impact on the contaminated soil in Korea. It was investigated high levels of arsenic salts in soil near abandoned five mines(Darak, Daduk, Jingok, Dalsung, Ilkwang) located in Youngnam area. Arsenic, classified as group A(Human Carcinogens) from IRIS, have shown statistically significant increment in skin cancer with oral exposure. This paper was conducted to predict excess cancer risk value (to the skin cancer) based on multiple pathway such as soil ingestion, dermal uptake and food(plant) ingestion contaminated by arsenic, and also, to identify the remedial goal regarded in future land use. The mine having the highest arsenic level was Daduk(mean : 1950mg/kg) and the next rank was Jingok(1690mg/kg), Ilkwang(352.37mg/kg), Dalsung(86.08mg/kg), Darak(0.83mg/kg). The chronic daily intake to the multiple exposure were calculated using Monte-Carlo simulation regarded in future land use and used q: value was $1.5(mg/kg/day)^{-1}$ to the oral proposed by IRIS(1997). The computated excess cancer risk 95th value to all the mine regarding future land use as residential and rural area were more than $10^{-4}$. If the level of acceptable risk is aimed for 1$\times$$10^{-6}$, it could be used Darak as commercial and industrial area without soil remediation due to the lowest risk value(6$\times$$10^{-8}$ and 3$\times$$10^{-8}$). Computated remedial goal based on 1$\times$$10^{-6}$ of acceptable risk to the future land use as the residential, rural, commercial and industrial area were 0.02mg/kg, 0.003mg/kg, 97.31mg/kg and 194.62mg/kg, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 1997.06b
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• pp.15-17
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• 1997

암 발생의 원인 중 80% 이상이 식사습관과 환경오염에 있는 것으로 인정되고 있다. 음식물, 담배, 술, 대기오염, 스트레스, 자외선이 그 대표적인 원인물질로 꼽을 수 있으며 그 중에서도 매일 섭취하는 음식물이 가장 중요한 발암요인으로 지적되고 있다. 대장암과 유방암의 발생에 대한 Wynder 등의 역학조사에서도 식사습관이 암 발생에 중요함을 시사 하고 있다. 동물성 단백질과 지방의 다량 섭취가 대장암과 유방암의 발생을 증가 시키고 섬유질이 풍부한 곡류와 야채의 섭취는 대장암 발생을 억제한다는 상관관계가 밝혀졌다. 그러나 우리가 늘 섭취하는 음식물 자체는 대장암과 유방암을 유발하는 기능이 거의 없다. 섭취된 음식물이 암을 일으키려면 장내 부패 미생물의 분해작용에 의하여 발암물질로 변환되는 과정이 필요하다. 그 발암물질들이 장관으로 흡수 자극함으로써 암을 유발할 수 있다. 반대로 일부장내 미생물들은 장내 발암물질들을 무독화 하거나 숙주의 면역기능을 증강 시킴으로써 암 발생을 억제할 수도 있다는 사실을 간과해서는 안 될 것이다. Mitsuoka는 장내 미생물이 암을 유발하는 중요한 요인이라고 강조하였다. Veer 등은 유산균 발효유를 많이 섭취하면 유방암 발생이 억제됨을, 국제암연구위원회는 섬유질을 많이 섭취하고 있는 핀란드 쿠피오의 거주자들에게는 덴마크의 코펜하겐에 거주하는 사람들에 비하여 대장암 발생율이 1/4에 불과하고 분변내 유산간균수는 100배 높은 사실을 역학조사에서 밝혔다. 이 외에 유산균과 발효유제품의 항암효과에 대한 실험결과들이 많이 발표되었다. 여기에서는 유산균의 항암효과에 대한 지금까지의 관련 자료들을 요약, 정리하여 고찰하고자 한다.높은 당 함량을 나타냈으며, T-AS는 70.3%의 당과 7.8%의 단백질로 구성 되었다. GLG 대부분의 분획들은 60~93%의 glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었으며, 주로 $\beta$-glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었다. 아미노산은 Asp 및 Glu의 산성 아미노산과 Ala, Leu 등의 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 비알칼리 추출물에서 Ser과 Thr의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS는 평균 분자량이 2,000 kD와 12kD에서 주 peak를 나타냈으며, 수용성 분획의 평균 분자량은 12kD이고 비수용성 분획은 36~2,000 kD의 평균 분자량 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. IR과 NMR 분석 결과 890 cm-1에서 흡수 peak를 나타내어 $\beta$-(1,3)0glucan과 $\beta$-(1,6)-glucan의 구조를 갖는 다당류로 확인 되었다. T-AS 분획은 C:H:O:N의 함량비가 38.9:5.7:49.6:1.84%이며, 이 물질의 융점은 163 $^{\circ}C$로 연한 갈색을 나타낸다. 분리된 GLG의 항암활성 기전 규명을 위해, in vivo 항암실험, 항보체 활성능, 항체 생성능, serum protein 분비능, 대식세포의 탐식능과 활성능 및 세포간 물질 분비 등의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 다당류 GLG 분획물들 가운데 항보체의 활성이 높았던 분획은 sarcome 180에 대한 항암 활성이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS의 보체 활성화 기작은 classical과 alternative complement pathway의 양 경로를 통해 활성화 되었다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2010

Domestic studies for identification of causality between children exposure to toxic chemicals, such as arsenic (As) and resulted hazardous effects were not implemented. This study was conducted to probabilistically estimate dietary As intake and health risk assessment for young children and all age-specific populations from the consumption of As-contaminated rice of Korea. Arsenic intakes for young children (1 to 6 years old) from As-contaminated rice were higher than other age-specific groups, based on a dose-per-body weight basis. Based on the current EPA cancer slope factor for As, estimated cancer risks (to the skin cancer) associated with dietary intake of As-contaminated rice for 1 to 2 years old group and 3 to years old group are 1.76 per 10,000 and 3.16 per 10,000, respectively, at the 50th percentile. Based on possible reference levels (0.005 mg/kg/day) for children, mean and $95^{th}$ percentile value of HQ from rice for young children are very below 1.0, which is a regulatory limit of non-carcinogenic risks for human.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2009

Heavy metal pollution may be one of the most serious challenges confront crop production and human health. Therefore, the selection of heavy metal tolerance cultivars which adapted to the contaminated fields will introduced a suitable solution for management this critical environmental risk. The objectives of this research is to assess human health risk using geochemical analyses and exposure assessment of heavy metals in rice cultivars. Risk for inhabitants in the closed mine area was comparatively assessed for As, Cd, Cu and Pb in 10 rice varieties as a major exposure pathway. The average daily dose (ADD) of each heavy metal was estimated by analyzing the exposure pathways to rice and soil. For the non-carcinogenic risk characterization, Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated using toxicity indices provided by US-EPA IRIS. The different rice varieties revealed a wide range of HI values from 23.6 to 34.3, indicating that all rice varieties have a high potential toxic risk. The DA rice variety showed the lowest HI value while the TB rice variety the highest. The probabilities of cancer risk for As via rice consumption were varied with rice varieties ranging from 2.0E-03 to 3.5E-03 which exceeded the regulatory acceptable risk of 1 in 10,000 set by US-EPA. The DA rice variety also showed the lowest value while the TB rice variety gave the highest value. Our results indicate that risk assessment can be contribute to screen the pollution safe rice cultivars in paddy fields affected by the mining activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.810-820
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• 2012

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) contents in marine sediment and edible fish (4 species) from the estuary near the Yongho wharf in Busan were determined to assess their presence and their potential health risk to the local population through fish consumption was also assessed. Levels of ${\Sigma}PCBs$ and ${\Sigma}DDTs$ in marine sediment were 3.22~197.65 and 1.77~20.27 ng/g dw, respectively. HCHs and endosulfan sulfate concentrations in bottom sediment were 1.42~6.08, 0.56~13.89 ng/g dw, respectively. The bottom sediment in the offshore of the Yongho wharf may be characterized as semi-polluted status with potential adverse marine biological effects in terms of sediment quality guidelines of US NOAA. The mean concentrations of ${\Sigma}PCBs$ in the tissues of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), file fish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and abbysal searobin (Lepidotrigla abyssalis) were 67.37, 10.20, 48.26, 22.81 ng/g lw, respectively. DDTs and HCHs were also detected in all fish samples. Lifetime cancer risk and target hazard quotient to local residents due to those fish consumption were found to pose negligible cancer and non-cancer risk.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2009

Vinyl chloride (VC) is a known human carcinogen, and it is released to multi-environmental media via several exposure routes. VC was potentially evaluated as a water quality pollutant based on human health risk assessment in Korean water environments. In this study, we investigated physicochemical and toxicological properties of VC, human health and ecological risk assessment, and the regulation of VC as a water quality pollutant in developed countries. Currently there are no standard or guideline values of VC in Korean legal system for the protection of human health and aquatic ecosystem, except that it is designated as a specific toxic substance and a water quality pollutant. Human health risk assessment of VC was previously performed based on the limited water quality monitoring data. The monitoring level of VC in Korean water system is more higher than other countries'. VC was assessed as potential hazardous chemical based on the US EPA's cancer risk assessment. There were a few ecotoxicity data of VC available using very limited kinds of aquatic organisms, and the toxicity results obtained seem to be overestimated without considering the losses of VC in open exposure system. Therefore it is needed to monitor the VC in various areas and to carry out the ecotoxicity research using multi-level organisms. We expect that these results can be useful information for implementing VC as a water quality pollutant in legal system for the protection of human health and aquatic ecosystem in near future.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.386-394
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• 2009

Formaldehyde is used in lether manufacture, a dry plate and an explosive. It is by-product of ozonizing process in filtration plant. The effects of exposure are eye pruritus, tickle, runing nose, blocking nasal passages and headache. It also makes a dried throat and causes inflammation. It is classified as B1 group for inhalation by US. EPA, which can cause cancer in human. For analysis of formaldehyde, formaldehydes-DNPH derivative was extracted with solid cartridge and was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detector (HPLC/DAD). The detection limit was $3{\mu}g/L$ and the recoveries were 72.3~109.1% (RSD 2.9~11.5%). Water samples were collected in four Korean rivers, four times per year seasonally for 10 years from 1998 to 2007. The monitoring results were 48.8% (630/1291), $5.15{\sim}101.9{\mu}g/L$ in purified water. Because of non-carcinogen in drinking water, hazard index is calculated with RfD. Results of excess cnacer risk was below 1 and was considered as safe value.