• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 1995

This study describes plant regeneration from leaf explant of Bupleurum falcatum through somatic embryogenesis, and the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on somatic embryo abnormalities. The relationship between the cotyledon number of somatic embryo and its germinability is also described. Embryogenic calli were selected from calli formed on explants cultured on MS solid basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Cotyledonary abnormalities were observed in somatic embryos which were developed from calli cultured on MS medium with 1 mg/L 2,4-D for 6-week and then subcultured on 2,4-D free MS medium for 3 weeks. The frequency of abnormalities was as follows: 7% of somatic embryos had one cotyledon, 65% of them had two cotyledons, 25% three cotyledons, 5% four cotyledons, 2% five cotyledons, and 3% trumpet-like cotyledons. The two cotyledon somatic embryos were germinated at a frequency of 80%. However the germination frequency of one cotyledon embryo and multicotyledonary embryo was lower than that of the two cotyledon somatic embryo. All of trumper-like somatic embryos did not germinate. Histological observations of multicotyledon embryo showed circular procambium in the root but pocambial strands in the cotyledonary node or upper hypocotyl. The number of the strands was equal to the cotyledon number.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.252-256
• /
• 2013

We tested the possibility of utilizing Korea domestic wheat (winter wheat variety "keumkangmil") as a source of vinegar production. After saccharification of the whole-wheat flour with wheat malt, the saccharized liquid undergoes alcoholic fermentation, followed by acetic fermentation. Acetic acid bacterium A8, which showed the highest acetic acid production (4.56%) with domestic wheat as substrate, was selected from conventional vinegars. The strain A8 was identified as Acetobacter pasteurianus A8 through phylogenetic study using 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The optimal condition for the malt enzyme was found to be $15^{\circ}C$ for germination periods of 6 days; its amylase activity was 608.4 U. Acetic acid production from domestic wheat substrate supplemented with 5% ethyl alcohol reached 5.8% after 24 days of static fermentation at $30^{\circ}C$ with a seeding rate of 5%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.458-463
• /
• 2007

The ethanolic extracts of 83 kinds of agricultural products, including cereals, vegetables, and Chinese herbs, were tested for their inhibitory activities on protein cross-linking using the $[^{14}C]$-N-formyl-lysine incorporation method. Most of the extracts inhibited, but some extracts accelerated, the cross-linking of protein. Of those items with relatively high activities, we selected 20 samples to test for activity against AGE fonnation using the fluorophotometric method. The ethanol extract of buckwheat that was genninated for 1 day (GB-01) was detennined to have the highest activity with both methods. The ethanol extract of GB-01 was further fractionated by organic solvents, including chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, in order of increasing polarity. The fraction that was extracted with ethyl acetate presented the highest protein glycation inhibitory activity (95.2% inhibition at the 100 ug/mL addition level). Polyphenol content analysis by HPLC showed that the amounts of rutin and quercetin were increased with the separation procedures. Finally, there was a significant relationship between activity and polyphenol content in the partially purified samples (p<0.05).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LED and QD-LED (Quantum Dot) irradiation on seed germination, antioxidant ability, and microbial growth, during red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts cultivation. Irradiated light was blue, red, blue + red and blue + red + far red (QD-LED) lights, and the controls were a fluorescent lamp (FL), and dark condition. Germination rate of red radish was highest in the dark condition. The plant height and fresh weight of red radish sprouts that irradiated each light for 24 hrs after 7 days growing in dark condition, did not shown significantly difference among treatments. After 24 hrs of light irradiation, cotyledon green was best in blue + red light, and the red hypocotyl was excellent in blue light and QD-LED light. DPPH and phenol contents were high in dark and blue + red light treatment, and anthocyanin content was high in blue light and QD-LED light. Total aerobic counts were similar in all treatments and did not show bactericidal effect, whereas E. coli count was lowest in QD-LED light treatment, and yeast and mold counts were lowest in FL only treatment. Results suggest that when red radish seeds were germinated in dark condition and cultivated for 7 days as sprouts, and then treated with blue light or QD-LED light for 24 hrs, the seeds produced good quality red radish sprouts with greenish cotyledon, reddish hypocotyl, high anthocyanin content, and lower level of E coli contamination.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.388-395
• /
• 2015

Somatic embryogenesis is as an excellent technology for potential use in plant mass production, germplasm conservation, or genetic engineering. We examined the effect of cold storage using 3 embryogenic callus lines with different levels of embryogenesis competence derived from immature zygotic embryo cultures of Kalopanax setemlobus. Somatic embryo induction, germination and plant conversion were evaluated after 1, 3 and 6 months storage at $4^{\circ}C$ in the dark. Most cold-stored embryogenic calli formed somatic embryos normally even after 6 months; however, the induction rate was gradually decreased by increasing the storage period. The most competent line tended to show a slight decline in somatic embryo induction rate, as compared with other lines after cold storage. In general, cold storage resulted in reduced somatic embryo germination and plant regeneration, although 93% somatic embryo germination and 91% plant conversion were achieved regardless of the storage period. Cold storage led to cell browning and degradation. Additionally, the cell structures were confirmed by the aceto-carmine and evans blue dye evaluation. Collectively, our results showed that embryogenic callus of K. septemlobus could be preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ without subculture for 6 months, and suggested the need for storage of relatively more competent embryogenic calli lines to support somatic embryo induction.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 2010

Sheath rot and dry rot disease caused by Pseudomonas marginalis and Fusarium oxysporum were serious problems in garlic farmland. In this study, total of 160 indigenous antagonistic bacteria were isolated from 16 farmlands in Yeongcheon, Korea. Among these, 15 strains were able to inhibited P. marginalis and F. oxysporum. The 16s rDNA genes of the selected 15 strains were amplified and sequenced. The strains has strong antagonistic ability against garlic pathogens was achieved Bacillus subtilis YC82, B. vallismortis YC84, B. amyloliquefaciens YC240. The selected 3 strains tested for investigation of antifungal mechanisms further analyses; 3 strains of these validated for production of siderophore, ${\beta}$-glucanase and chitinase using CAS (chrome azurol S) blue agar, CMC-congo red agar and DNS method. The 3 strains were able to utilized insoluble phosphate as dertermined by vanado-molybdate method. The 3 strains verified for production of auxin and gibberellic acid using Salkowski test and holdbrook test. Also, 3 strains showed stimulation germination, stem growth promoting activity on the in vivo test. The 3 strains were able to effectively suppress P. marginalis and F. oxysporum causing sheath rot and dry rot diseases on the in vivo pot test.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1998

This study describes the effect of the growth regulators such as 2,L-D and BA, on the structural abnormalities of somatic embryos derived from leaf explants of Angelica gigas Nakai, Also, the relationship between the cotyledon number of a somatic embryo and its germinability is explored. Embryogenic calli were selected from calli formed on explants cultured on MS solid basal medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L plus 0.1mg/L BA, and 1 mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.5mg/L BA. Cotyledonary abnormalities were observed in somatic embryos which were developed from embryogenic calli cultured on MS medium containing 1mg/L 2,4-D for 8 weeks and then subcultured on 2,4-D free MS medium for 3 weeks. The frequency of abnormalities was as follows: 22.8% one cotyledon, 42.5% two cotyledons, 16.8% three cotyledons, 7.8% four cotyledons, 1.8% five cotyledons, and 8.2% jar shaped cotyledon. In addition, ABA treatment indicated an improvement of the somatic embryo with normal cotyledon (65.3%). ABA was important role to the high production of normal somatic embryos. Two cotyledon embryos showed germinability 77.8%. However the germinability of somatic embryos with anomalous cotyledons was prominently low: One cotyledon, 62.5%; three cotyledons, 43.3%; four cotyledons, 60%; five cotyledons, 50% and jar shaped cotyledon, zero%. Thus, germinability was essentially, inversely proportional to cotyledon number.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to develop functional sprout vegetables with antioxidant effects using seeds of Arctium lappa. The seeds germinated vigorously under light at $25^{\circ}C$, reaching germination rate of 82% within 4 days. Germinated seeds were placed under darkness at various temperatures to force growth in length, and it was demonatrated that $20^{\circ}C$ was optimum temperature. Greening treatment reduced growth in length, but promoted growth of cotyledons. Harvested A. lappa sprout vegetables maintained freshness longer at $10^{\circ}C$, rather than $4^{\circ}C$. Ventilation holes in storage containers had no effects on storage periods. Antioxidant activity of vegetable that received greening treatment for 1-3 days was investigated, and it was shown that free radical scavenging effects and ferrous ion chelating effects was higher than those of commercially available brocoli, cauliflower, pea and bean sprout. Contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were also higher, especially by 3 day greening. The longer the treatment, the more the inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid. Sprout vegetable of A. lappa had higher antioxidant activity compared with adult plant. In conclusion, sprout vegetable of A. lappa has great potentiality for use as one of sprout vegetables.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.148-152
• /
• 2008

This study was to elucidate the effect of low dose gamma (${\gamma}$)-ray irradiation on the germination, seedling growth and antioxidant activity in sunflower seeds. The seed germination was stimulated in the range of 2.7${\sim}$8.0% by low dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation compared with that of the control; however, the germination of seeds stored for 4 months after irradiated was decreased at all low dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation groups. Especially, the germination rate of 32 Gy-irradiated seed group was much lower than that of the other groups and 8 Gy was the optimal radiation dose for germination at room temperature. Though there was variation with storage time and temperature, seedling growth stored at 10$^{\circ}C$ for 4 months after irradiated was promoted at the 1 Gy ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation group compared to seed stored at 25$^{\circ}C$. For the antioxidant activity of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated seeds extract, 4 Gy and 32 Gy groups were significantly increased by 68.83% and 95.44%, respectively, compared to control at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2024

To test the antagonistic ability of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HY against lettuce sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, an in vitro test, greenhouse test and growth chamber test were conducted. As a result of in vitro dual culture test for sclerotia of B. amyloliquefaciens HY, the mycelial growth inhibition rate was 70.7%. Mycelial tip was swollen, black, and had an irregular and deformed shape. In I-plate test, the antagonistic volatile compounds produced by B. amyloliquefaciens HY, the mycelial growth inhibition rate was 57.7% and the sclerotia germination inhibition rate was 46.7%. In addition, B. amyloliquefaciens HY had sideropore production capacity, phosphate solubillibty, and protease production capability, but B. amyloliquefaciens HY did not produce chitinase. In growth chamber test, the lettuce survival rate was 0% in the control group treated with only the pathogen, and 80% in the treatment group treated with of S. sclerotiorum and B. amyloliquefaciens HY by diluting 10 times of the lettuce survival rate. In addition, the lettuce survival rate of 80% was shown in the treatment group treated with the culture medium of B. amyloliquefaciens HY 50 times 1 week later after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum.