• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop a mass production for a commercial use by germination of 4 kinds of Veronica glabrifolia Kitag., V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, V. glabrifolia Kitag. × V. Spicata 'Alba' and V. spicata 'Ulster Blue Dwarf × V. longifolia. Veronica L. Effects of dipping time to a disinfecting fluid, light quality, temperature or vermiculite depth on the germination of Veronica L. were examined. Germination percentage in a disinfecting fluid for 120 minutes dipping was the 75.1% for V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, and was some higher in 60 minutes dipping for all the species, but there was no significant difference according to the dipping time. The germination of the light quality was the best in complex light (red light + blue light) as the germination 92.8%, uniformity 2.3 in Veronica glabrifolia Kitag., or the germination 85.9%, uniformity 3.5 in V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee. And the germination percentage of red light was ranged from 79.1% to 95,5%, the blue light was 83.1% to 100% in the all species. However the germination in the dark condition significantly lowered as a 40.0% to 56.3% or uniformity from 5.2 to 6.5. Like this, the germination of blue light was better compare to the red light. The germination rate according to temperature was higher at 25℃ day/20℃ night ranged from 92.1% to 100%, or at 20℃ day/15℃ night as a 85.5% to 98.9% in the all species, compare to constant temperature 25℃ as a 80.9% in V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee. The germination rate of vermiculite depth was higher in 1 to 2mm ranged from 83.4% to 100%, however when the vermiculite was covered with 4mm, the germination rate significantly decreased from 45.2% to 72.1% and the hypocotyl length became longer above 3cm than that of others.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.507-512
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• 1993

Pre-sowing treatments of tobacco seeds (cv. NC82) were evaluated as a means of improving the speed of emergence, early seedling growth and uniformity of the seedlings. Seeds were treated through the use of polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG), solid matrix priming(SMP), chilling and dark-preincubati(DPI). Under the laboratory condition of 15$^{\circ}C$, all the treated seeds germinated more rapid and the time to 50% germination(T50) reduced than control. Among the treatments, SMP was the best to reduce the T50 for germination. All the treatments did not affect the final germination percentage, while the chilling showed of little benefit for germination and T50. Under the greenhouse condition, seedling from SMP emerged earlier and more uniformity and also greater mean fresh and dry weight showed than other treatments. The advantage of T50 from SMP was affected more in temperature than in water content of Agro-Lig during the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.478-485
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• 2019

As environmentally sound agriculture emphasize gradually as well as the importance of environment, many studies on weed and soil nematode control of new concept which does not affect adversely environment are in progress. For this purpose, plant seeds which are representative weed species in field were selected and treated with microwave having generating capacity of $17.73kw/m^3$, and investigated germination rates of weed seeds and the number of soil nematode according to soil moisture contents, soil depth and irradiation times. The microwave effect on the germination rates was extremely high in soil moisture content of 40% and irradiation time over 40 seconds for irradiation time, while soil depth did not affect germination rate. In view of the results so far achieved, it seems that universal dispersed microwave system is effective for the control of weed seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 1994

To improve seed vigour in rice, barley and soybean, several methods of presowing treatment, using chemicals and priming in polyethylene glycol solution, were investigated. Gibberellic acid($GA_3$) slightly improved germination of rice, but other chemical treatments showed no beneficial effect on seed vigour. Aged seeds were primed in polyethylene glycol solution then rinsed and germinated with drying back. In general mean germination time increased and percentage germination decreased with in- creasing water potential of the priming solution, but there were no significant effects on spread of germination times. Priming also showed no marked improvement in germination under cold, wet, or osmotic conditions. None of the treatments used was successful in practically improving the seed germination and vigour of the tested crops. However, seed treated with GA$_3$ gave the best overall germination response.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate effect of temperature and NaCl on the seed germination and water absorption of Thuja orientalis. Seeds were treated with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000ppm of NaCl and placed in different chambers at 15, 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. And seed properties and relative water absorptions were analyzed. Germination decreased with the increase of both temperature and NaCl concentration, and especially the difference was obvious at $30^{\circ}C$. Dormancy and mortality increased with the increase of temperature in non-NaCl treatment. Two-way analysis of variance showed significant effects of temperature, NaCl concentration and interaction between temperature and NaCl concentration (p<0.001). Mean germination time increased with the increase of NaCl concentration at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ but decreased at $30^{\circ}C$ because the seeds were mortal by NaCl high concentration, Germination speed and germination performance index decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration. Those represented decreasing tendency with NaCl concentration but high positive correlation with germination. Relative water absorption decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration and represented high values at $15^{\circ}C$, and showed high positive correlations with germination, germination speed and germination performance index. It was reported that the high temperature and salinity were inhibitive factors of seed germination of Thuja orientalis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2000

Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) used as a spice or fruit vegetable has been transplanted for cultivation to accompany the production of its seedlings in general. The experiment was done to measure the effect of its cultivars (Daemyng; Wanggochu), priming (chemicals; concentration; period), light quality (red; far-red; blue; dark) during priming, and germination temperature (25 or 15$^{\circ}C$ constant; 25/15$^{\circ}C$ alternating) on the rate of germination done under incandescent lamps until 9 days after sowing. Seed germination was better when primed with Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ than with KNO$_3$. Priming for 6 to 12 days using the former chemical enhanced the final germination rate and shortened the elapsed days to 50% germination, $T_{50}$, compared to no-priming. Under $25^{\circ}C$ constant germination temperature, primed seeds at darkness or far-red light showed the highest rate until 5 days after sowing or the lowest one since 7 days after sowing, respectively. The germination response at 25/15$^{\circ}C$ alternating temperature did not followed the lowest rate of 15$^{\circ}C$ constant germination temperature but inclined to that of $25^{\circ}C$ constant recorded the greatest one. Under 3 germination temperature red light treated during priming elevated the rate since 7 days after sowing compared to the other light treatments, and the germination rate of each cultivar was affected by no-priming or priming, light quality during priming. which imply their interaction to the seed germination.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-124
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• 1976

To find out the most effective method of treatments for the induction of sprouting of dormant seed potato pieces for the fall crop production of Irish cobbler, this experiment was carried out with sprout inducing bed and field performance trial. In GA treatments, about 10 days were required to sprout and resulted uniform and thin 3-4 sprouts per tuber piece, but sprouts were slender and rooting was not observed. In Ethrel treatments, 20-25 days were required, and sprouts were inferior than that of GA treatment in uniformity of sprouting, and percentage of rotten pieces and of healthy sprouted tuber pieces, but number of sprouts per tuber pieces was low, being 1-2, and sprouts were short, thick, and healthy, and showed good rooting. In GA and Ethrel mixture treatments, 1-2 more days were required to sprout than GA treatments, but sprouts were relatively healthy, and other sprouting pattern were like that of GA treatments. In Ethylene chlorohydrin and 6-Benzyl-adenine treatments, sprouting was like that of Ethrel treatments, but much more days were required than Ethrel treatments and tendency of severe rotting was observed. Optimum treating methods of promising chemicals found to be 1-2 and 2-5 ppm GA solution, 500 and 1000-2000 ppm Ethrel solution, and 1-2＋250-500 and 5＋250-500 ppm GA and Ethrel mixture solution for 60 min. treatment of tuber piece and whole-tuber, respectively. Induction of sprouting in dry and hot time resulted severer rotting of tuber pieces during the induction of sprouting and with the advancement of dormancy, being delayed in date of treatment, tendency of promotion of sprouting and rooting was observed. When sprouted tuber piece was transplanted at the same date, yields were in order of Ethrel, GA and Ethrel mixture, and GA treatment, indicating the correlation between yield and healthiness of sprout and rooting status of sprouted tuber piece. In all treatments, earlier transplanting resulted higher yields.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.68-68
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• 2020

최근 농촌진흥청과 기상청에서 발표한 연구자료에 따르면 2020년 기준으로 국내 경지면적의 10% 가량이 이미 아열대 기후대에 속하고 있을 뿐 현재 추세대로 온실가스가 배출될 경우 2100년경 우리나라의 대부분 지역은 아열대 기후대에 속하게 될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이에 국가 기관뿐만 아니라 많은 지자체에서 기후변화에 대응하여 아열대 작물을 도입하기 위한 시도를 활발하게 추진하고 있다. 아열대 작물 중 국내에서 3번째로 많이 활용되고 있는 삼채는 기능성 물질을 다량으로 함유하고 있어 수요도가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 삼채의 경우 일반적인 원예 작물과는 달리 실생 종자를 상업적으로 이용하고 있어 종자들의 발아율이 균일하지 못할 뿐만 아니라 발아율이 낮은 문제가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 삼채의 경우 농가에서 정식 시기를 맞추기 어려울 뿐만 아니라 대규모 생산을 위한 공정육묘 시스템의 적용이 어려운 상황에 있다. 종자 프라이밍 기술은 잠재적으로 종자 발아와 식물 생장을 빠르고 균일하게 해줄 수 있는 방법으로 알려져 있지만, 현재 삼채에서는 프라이밍 처리가 종자 발아에 미치는 영향에 대해서 검토한 사례가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 삼채의 파종 효율을 증진시키기 위한 목적으로 몇 가지 프라이밍 처리 방법이 삼채의 발아특성에 미치는 영향을 검정하고자 하였다. 삼채 종자는 (주)아람종묘사의 종자를 구매하여 강릉원주대학교 생명과학대학에서 수행하였다. 프라이밍 처리는 Hydropriming은 증류수, Osmopriming은 CaCl2 1.0%, Halopriming은 Polyrthylene glycol 6000(PEG) 13.5%의 3가지를 사용하였으며, 각 프라이밍 처리 시간은 6시간, 12시간, 18시간, 24시간, 48시간 총 5가지 방법으로 처리되어 대조구를 포함 총 16개의 처리를 하였다. 프라이밍 처리 된 종자는 페트리디쉬 (50mm)에 30립씩 치상하였다. 프라이밍 각 처리구별 4반복으로 하였으며 24시간 암(Black), 온도 20℃의 조직배양실에서 치상 후 10일간 조사하였다. 본 실험 결과 대조구는 38% 발아율을 가졌으며, 프라이밍 처리 시간에 따른 각 처리구들은 대조구에 비해 발아율이 높아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 중 Hydropriming 12시간 발아율 51%, Osmopriming 18시간 발아율 68%, Halopriming 48시간 발아율 65%로 각 프라이밍 처리구별 가장 좋은 발아율을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 삼채에서 프라이밍 처리 기술의 적용은 발아율의 향상과 발아기간의 정형화를 유도할 수 있어 농가에서의 일반 육묘는 물론이고 대규모 공정육묘를 위한 저렴하고 안전한 방법 중 하나로써 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되어 진다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 1997

Since seeds of Italian ryegrass should be imported every year, it is necessary to investigate the prossible production of seeds in Italian ryegrass field after rice. Seven Italian ryegrass varieties were planted on October 8, 1986 at National Honam Crop Experiment Station at Iksan and clippings were made on April 10 and April 30 in 1987. Headings of K-11 and T.N.T were earlier than those of Tetrone and Bettina. For all varieties tested, heading date was delayed and 1,000 grain weight was decreased linearly as the clipping was made later. Length, width and thickness of a grain were reduced by clipping and later clipping, while tetraploid varieties produced larger grains than diploid varieties. The germination percentage and germination speed at $25^{\circ}C$ were higher than at 15$^{\circ}C$. The final germination percentage was lower at the later clippings and was higher at 15$^{\circ}C$, and earlier varieties showed higher germination percentage. Uniformity of germination was greater at $25^{\circ}C$ and was decreased as the clipping was made later, and the eariler varieties such as K-11 were germinated more uniformly. Average number of days to germination was longer at 15$^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$ and was longer at later clipping. The germination percentage was decreased linearly as the heading was delayed, while it increased linearly as the 1,000 grain weight was increased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

Seed priming is a useful technique for rapid and uniform seed germination as well as early seedling establishment. This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum condition for Sorbus alnifolia seed priming with four concentrations of four reagents in germination property and seedling growth performance. The results are summarized as follows: Percent germination (PG) varied 2.67% to 24.67%, and S. alnifolia seeds had the highest PG in the treatment that were primed in 100mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days. Mean germination time was the shortest in 200 mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days. Seed priming with $KNO_3$ solutions increased germination speed (GS) and germination performance index (GPI) compared with non-primed seeds. Especially seed primed with 100 mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days showed the highest GS and GPI. The highest relative growth rate (RGR) and seedling vigor index (SVI) was significantly (p<0.05) different from the control and other treatments, respectively. RGR of height (0.0071) and root collar diameter (0.0141) of seedling from primed seeds were the highest in 400 mM NaCl solution for 2 days. The highest SVI (5.43) was observed in the seedlings from seeds primed in 100 mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days. Consequently, the optimum reagent and concentration were $KNO_3$ and 100 mM for the effective germination and seedling growth in S. alnifolia