• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

We determined the optical constants of organic light emitting material of Alq$_3$ in a spectral range between 1.5 and 6 eV using the physical model introduced by Forouhi and Bloomer［Phys. Rev. B 34, pp. 7018-7026, 1986.］. The initial parameters of $A_i,\;B_i,\;C_i$ of Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion relations were determined from the absorption peaks and widths of absorption spectra of the Alq$_3$ film. The refractive index of substrate, a fused silica, is derived from the Sellmeier equation with the measured transmittance and reflectance spectra. Then, the complex refractive index and thickness of the Alq$_3$ film were calculated by use of a nonlinear least square fitting program with the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion relation and the measured transmittance and reflectance spectra.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the PSL and TL properties of foods irradiated with electron beam and gamma-ray. 5 kinds of food including cereal, pulse, fish powder, dried vegetable and tea were irradiated at 0 to 10 kGy by electron beam accelerator or $^{60}Co$ gamma-ray irradiator. The PSL analysis showed negative results for most of the non-irradiated samples. Non-irradiated shrimp powder showed intermediate result. Irradiated samples gave negative or intermediate or positive value which presented the limitation of PSL technique. In TL analysis, there were TL glow curves at around $300^{\circ}C$ with low intensity on non-irradiated samples. Maximum peak in the range of $150-250^{\circ}C$ was appeared on irradiated samples. TL ratio obtained by re-irradiation with 1 kGy was less than 0.1 on non-irradiated samples and higher than 0.1 on irradiated samples. Therefore, in PSL measurement, electron-beam irradiated samples could obtain more clear results. TL analysis showed obvious difference between non-irradiated and irradiated samples. But the identification was impossible for the sample of rice and lemon tea. Because of it's low contents of mineral.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2005

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for $AgGaS_2$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, $AgGaS_2$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were $590^{\circ}C\;and\;440^{\circ}C$, respectively The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the $AgGaS_2$ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, $E_g(T)=2.7284 eV-(8.695{\times}10^{-4}eV/K)T^2/T(T+332K)$. After the as-grown $AgGaS_2$, single crystal thin films was annealed in Ag-, S-, and Ga-atmospheres, the origin of point defects of $AgGaS_2$ single crystal thin films has been investigated by the photoluminescence(PL) at 10K. The native defects of $V_{Ag},\;V_s,\;Ag_{int},\;and\;S_{int}$, obtained by PL measurements were classified as a donors or acceptors type. And we concluded that the heat-treatment in the Ag-atmosphere converted $AgGaS_2$ single crystal thin films to an optical n-type. Also, we confirmed that Ga in $AgGaS_2$ crystal thin films did not form the native defects because Ga in $AgGaS_2$ single crystal thin films existed in the form of stable bonds.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 2012

Three acrylic copolymers containing tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ3) pendant group (25 wt%), acrylateco-HEMA-$AlQ_3$ (25 wt%), were successfully synthesized by free radical polymerization from acrylates [methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylonitrile (AN) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)] with HEMA functionalized with AlQ3 pendant groups (HEMA-p-$AlQ_3$). The glass transition temperatures ($T_g$) of MMA-co-HEMA-p-$AlQ_3$ (copolymer 1), AN-co-HEMA-p-$AlQ_3$ (copolymer 2) and HEMA-co-HEMA-p-$AlQ_3$ (copolymer 3) were found to be 158, 150 and $126^{\circ}C$, respectively. They have good thermal stability: a very desirable feature for the stability of OLEDs. Their solubility, thermal properties, UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence behaviors were investigated. They were found to be soluble in various organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), toluene and chloroform. It was also found that the UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence behaviors of these copolymers were similar to those of pristine $AlQ_3$. Green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have also been fabricated using these copolymers as light emission/electron transport components obtained easily by spin coating, and their current density voltage (J-V) curves were compared. The OLED device of the copolymer 3 had the lowest turn-on voltage of about 2 V compared to other copolymer types devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.679-679
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• 2013

태양전지는 계속되는 유가상승과 무소음 무공해의 녹색에너지원이라는 점에서 각광받고 있다. 더욱이 발전단가가 높기 때문에 특히 저가의 다결정 실리콘 태양전지의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 태양전지의 texturing 공정은 광 포획 효과를 극대화 시킨다. 이에 따라 웨이퍼 표면에 텍스쳐를 형성하여, 광학적 손실을 줄이는데, 일반적으로 alkaline etching (WET) 공정과 reactive ion etching (RIE) 공정이 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 RIE, WET 공정을 사용하여 만든 texturing 구조의 태양전지를 모듈 공정 진행 전 특성평가를 한 후 다시 모듈 공정 후 특성평가를 진행하였다. 특성평가는 태양전지의 전류-전압 곡선을 통해 개방전압, 단락전류, 곡선인자 을 측정하고, 파장에 따른 양자효율 및 반사율을 측정하였다. 또한 태양전지의 전기에너지를 가하여 생성되는 전계발광 현상과 NIR camera를 이용하여 Grain의 Dark Area 및 Micro crack을 검출하였다. 이와 같은 모듈 공정 전/후 특성을 측정하고, 이를 비교 분석하여 BIPV 적용 시 태양전지의 동작특성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2009

Analytical results of a fixed concentration of Pb, Cd and Cr in the synthetic copper standard solution (RMs) for using the matrix no matched standard calibration curve at various wavelength by ICP showed that accuracy (140 $\sim$ 1,070% in case of Pb) is very poor at all wavelengths because of the Cu matrix effect. Analytical results of a fixed concentration of Pb, Cd and Cr in the different concentration solutions of Cu showed that found values were on the increase or decrease as the rate of a regular equation as the concentration of Cu was increased. Accuracies by the Cu matching method in the analysis of Pb, Cd and Cr in the synthetic copper standard solution (RMs) were higher than 99.9%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.356-356
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• 2012

InGaN/GaN LEDs는 1993년에 처음 소개 된 이래로, 성장, 제품 면에서 끊임없는 발전을 이루어 왔다. 따라서 GaN 기반의 LED는 조명, 디스플레이 그리고 후광 발광판 등 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 현재 GaN 기반의 LED는 낮은 작동전류에서 높은 내부, 외부 효율을 보인다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 LED는 보통 높은 작동 전류에서 사용하고 있는데 이 전류 값에서 'Efficiency Droop'이라 하는 효율 저하가 나타난다. 이 현상의 원인으로는 결함, Auger 영향, 캐리어 누설, 격자 불일치로 인한 내부 장 효과, 그리고 온도의 영향 등이 이 효율저하를 일으키는 주된 원인으로 생각되고 있다. 하지만 최근 효율저하의 원인에 대하여 결함, 그리고 온도 변화의 실험 등을 통하여 실험적으로 Auger 영향은 효율 저하의 원인으로 가능성이 매우 낮고 누설 전류가 효율저하의 주된 원인의 가능성이 높다고 많은 그룹에서 문제제기를 하고 있는 추세이다. 이 연구에서, 효율저하의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 GaN 기반의 EBL이 있는 LED와 없는 LED를 이용하였다. I-V 곡선, 주입 전류에 따른 반치폭의 변화와 스펙트럼의 변화, 그리고 외부 효율 등의 비교 분석을 통하여 효율 저하의 원인이 누설 전류에 의함이라고 분석을 할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 1998

수평 전기로에서 AgInS2 다결정을 합성하여 HWE 방법으로 AgInS2 단결정 박막을 반절연성 GaAs(100) 위에 성장하였다. AgInS2 단결정 박막은 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 680℃, 410℃로 성장하였다. 이때 단결정 박막의 결정성이 10 K에서 측정한 광발광 스펙트럼은 597.8 nm(2.0741 eV) 근처에서 엑시톤 방출 스펙트럼이 가장 강하게 나타났으며, 또한 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)도 121 arcsec로 가장 작게 측정되어 최적 성장 조건임을 알 수 있었다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293 K에서 각각 9.35×1023개/㎥, 2.94×10-2㎡/V·s였다. AgInS2 단결정 박막의 광전류 단파장대 봉우리들로부터 10 K에서 측정된 ΔCr(crystal field splitting)은 0.15eV, ΔSo(spin orbit coupling)는 0.0089 eV였다. 광전도 셀로서 응용성을 알아보기 위해 감도(γ), pc/dc(photocurrent/darkcurrent), 최대허용소비전력(maximum allowable power dissipation: MAPD), 응답시간(response time)등을 측정한 결과, S 증기 분위기에 열처리한 광전도 셀의 경우 γ=0.98, pc/dc=1.02×106, MAPD=312 mW, 오름시간(rise time)=10.4 ms, 내림시간(decay time)=10.8 ms로 가장 좋은 특성을 얻었다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2011

A selective determination method of mercury (II) ion in aqueous solution by luminol-based chemiluminescence system (luminol CL system) has been developed. Determination of metal ions such as copper (II), iron (III), chromium (III) ion in solution by the luminol CL system using its catalytic role in the reaction of luminol and hydrogen peroxide has been reported by several groups. In this study, the catalytic activity of mercury (II) ion in the reaction of luminol and hydrogen peroxide was observed by the enhanced CL intensity of the luminol CL system. Based on this phenomenon, experimental conditions of the luminol CL system were investigated and optimized to determine mercury (II) ion in aqueous solution. While mercury (II) ion in mixed sample solution containing mercury (I) and (II) ions highly enhanced the CL intensity of the luminol CL system, the mercury (I) ion could not enhanced the CL intensity. Thus selective determination of the mercury (II) ions in a mixture containing mercury (I) and (II) ions could be achieved. Each concentration of mercury (I) and (II) ions in aqueous solution can be obtained from the results of the CL method that give the concentration of only mercury (II) ion and the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method that give the total concentration of mercury ions. On the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of mercury (II) ion was linear over the range from $1.25{\times}10^{-5}$ to $2.50{\times}10^{-3}M$ with correlation coefficient of 0.991. The detection limit of mercury (II) ion in aqueous solution was calculated to be $1.25{\times}10^{-7}M$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

A determination method of aromatic amino acids such as trytophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe) using luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) system has been presented. In the presence of an aromatic amino acid, the enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) system was obtained by forming a complex between Cu(II) and the amino acid. Based on the above phenomenon, a sensitive and fast determination of three aromatic amino acids was performed using the CL method in batch-type detection system. To optimize determination conditions, the kinetic influence of an aromatic amino acid on the luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) system and the effects of $H_2O_2$ and Cu(II) concentration, pH, and buffers were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range from $1.0{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ for Trp, $1.0{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ for Try, and $2.0{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ for Phe, respectively. In this range, reproducibility (RSD, n = 4) of Trp, Try, and Phe were 3.21%, 2.64%, and 2.48%, respectively. The limit of detection ($3{\sigma}/s$) was calculated to be $6.8{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ for Trp, $5.7{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ for Try, and $9.6{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ for Phe.