• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2011

We studied any variations of skin mucus cells of Misgurnus mizolepis caused by inducing a great change of water temperature including high temperature- and low temperature-adapted groups and then compared them with a control group of normal water condition. The high temperature-adapted group showed no significant different in size and number of the mucus cell (P>0.01), whereas in the low temperature-adapted group, the surface area of mucus cell layer and shape of its mucus cell, and the number of mucus cell remarkably increased in all the skin regions of dorsum, lateral region and occiput (P<0.01). Returned to the same condition as the control group, the low temperature-adapted groups showed the same features that appear in the normal water condition (P<0.01). Based on these results, the skin mucus cells of M. mizolepis seems to be very sensitive to cold water temperature and therefore they may play a key role in assessment of its environmental conditions.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

This study is a nonequivalent placebo control group pretest-posttest design to confirm the effects of auricular pressure therapy on perceived stress and sleep quality for nursing students. The subjects of the study were selected from K College, 30 people in the treatment group and 30 people in the control group, a total of 60 people. Data were collected from March 2 to April 26, 2022. Auricular pressure was applied to the treatment group (shenmen, heart, thalamus), and the placebo control group was applied to the auricle (hip, knee, ankle) in the same method during the same period. Data were analyzed independent t-test repeated measures ANOVA using the SPSS 23.0 program. The perceived stress score of the treatment group significantly decreased to 2.28 after 4 weeks of intervention and 2.07 after 8 weeks of intervention, and the sleep quality score significantly increased to 3.37 after 4 weeks of intervention and 4.02 after 8 weeks of intervention. It was found to have a lasting effect over time.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.293-310
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• 1991

Clonorchis sinensis is a common parasite of man in Korea. Researches on the specific antigens of C. sinensis would be valuable not only because those elucidate the molecular characteristics of this fluke but also because it is applicable to immunodiagnosis. Although many monoclonal antibodies have been used in the field of parasite immunology, few articles on monoclonal antibodies against C. sinensis have been published so far. The aim of this study was to analyse C. sinensis antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies, and to set up ELISA-inhibition test using C. sinensis specific monoclonal antibodies for improved specificity of immunodiagnostic tests. By fusion between spleen cells of the mice immunized with C. sinensis water-soluble crude adult worm antigens and plasmacytoma cells of mouse origin, 29 hybridoma clones secreting anti-C. sinensis monoclonal antibodies were made, and 8 clones among those were found specific. After cell cloning, isotypes of 6 selected specific monoclonal anti- bodies were determined to be IgGl, IgG2b and IgA. Four exposed antigenic determinants of natural infection were recognized by different specific monoclonal antibodies. By enzyme-immunoelectrotransfer blot, 10 KD, 34 KD antigenic determinants were found to be reacted with CsHyb 0714-20, CsHyb 0605-10 monoclonal antibodies, respectively, The antigenic determinant recognized by CsHyb 0714-20 monoclonal antibody was revealed to be located at the surface and parenchyme of a parasite by indirect immunoauorescent antibody technique, and those reacted with CsHyb 0605-10, CsHyb 0714-25 monoclonal antibodies were found at the parenchyme and intestine. The antigenic determinant reacted with CsHyb 0605-23 monoclonal antibody was found mainly around the uterine eggs. Four antigenic determinants recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies were all found to be present in the early eluted fractions of C. sinensis antigens separated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. By conventional ELISA, 75% of clonorchiasis cases were found positive, but 7.1% of normal controls and 37.5% of paragonimiasis cases showed false positives. However, by ELISA-inhibition test using C. sinensis specific monoclonal antibody (CsHyb 0605-23), 77.1% of clonorchiasis cases were found positive, and there were no false positives in normal controls or paragonimiasis cases, indicating 100% specificity. The ELISA- inhibition test using monoclonal antibodies was found to have same sensitivity and definitely high specificity in comparison with conventional ELISA for serodiagnosis of human clonorchiasis.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.44-49
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• 2002

본 연구는 retinyl acetate와 $\beta$-carotene보충식이가 에탄올에 의한 산화적 손상에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 흰쥐에게 비타민 A와 $\beta$-carotene을 보충한 식이를 5주간 급여한 후 에탄올을 급성으로 투여하여 혈청과 간 조직에서 생성되는 지질과 지질과산화물 함량 그리고 glucose-6-phosphatase 활성도를 측정하였다. 본 실험에서 얻은 결과를 요약하면 체중 증가량은 전 실험군에서 유의적인 차이없이 실험 기간 동안 증가되었으며 사료섭취량과 식이효율을 그리고 간 중량 역시 각 군 모두 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 혈청 중성지질 함량은 대조군과 retinyl acetate 보충군에서 높은 함량을 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 총 콜레스테를 함량은 대조군과 $\beta$-carotene 보충군은 비슷한 수준을 나타낸 반면 retinyl acetate 보충군에서는 유의적으로 감소되었다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군에서 가장 높았으며 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 유의적이지는 않았으나 retinyl acetate 보충군에서 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 동맥경화지수는 전 실험군에서 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 retinyl acetate 보충군에서 가장 낮았다. 간 마이크로솜 내에서 지질과산화물 함량은 재도군에 비하여 $\beta$-carotene 보충군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. Retinyl acetate와 $\beta$-carotene 보충군 사이에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 급성적인 에탄올 투여시에 $\beta$-carotene의 보충 급여가 지질과산화반응에 방어효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 간 조직중의 glucose-6-phosphatase 활성도는 비타민을 정상적으로 공급시킨 대조군이 retinyl acetate나 B-carotene 보충군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으며 retinyl acetat와 B-carotene 보충군 사이에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study was to provide the method to measure physiologic response using equipments and auditory stimulation, and the physiologic response features of adult psychiatric disorders through a systemic review. Methods : The systemic review was executed using PubMed. The key words for search were "auditory stimulation, auditory startle, electromyograph, skin conductance, heart rate, psychiatric disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, depression". 8 studies were used for data analysis, and all of levels of evidence were level II. The substances of the review were subject(population), auditory stimulation, measure equipments and physiologic response features of psychiatric disorder. Results : 1. The subjects for the studies were anxiety disorder(4) and schizophrenia(4). 2. Auditory stimulation was used in 8 studies and visual stimulation with auditory stimulation was used in 2 studies to induce physiologic response. 3. Every study used electromyograph, and skin conductance was used in 2 studies and heart rate was used in 2 studies with electromyograph to measure physiologic response. 4. The subjects for the studies, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder(PTSD, OCD) have different physiologic response features with the normal control group. Conclusion : All studies used simple tones as an auditory stimulation and electromyograph to measure physiologic response. Psychiatric disorders indicated larger response, shorter and delayed habituation. The objective and systematic study using physiologic measure to investigate the sensory feature of psychologic disorders.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 2017

The goal of this study was to develop an optimal formula for cookies containing soybean/seoritae, Hwanggum, and isomalto-oligosaccharide using response surface methodology to achieve a blood glucose lowering effect. The model showed a good fit with the experimental data [$R^2=0.92$ (soybean) and 0.93 (seoritae)]. However, the p-value of lack of fit was less than 0.05 and ridge analysis was used to determine an optimal formula. The estimated optimal conditions were as follows: soybean cookie: 68.7% soybean, 2.5% Hwanggum, and 75.2% isomalto-oligosaccharide; seoritae cookie: 56.5% soybean, 3.8% Hwanggum, and 56.2% isomalto-oligosaccharide. The area under the curve and glycemic index were significantly lower in the soybean cookie group than in the control. The glycemic load (GL) index of the soybean (19.9) cookie was in the range of a low-glycemic food (<20 GL). These results can be applied to develop a cookie with a blood glucose lowering effect.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.339-349
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test (KCNT) and the usefulness of KCNT for discriminating the patients with suspected dementia from normal persons in patients with a brain injury. The results of each items of KCNT had passed the test for normality. T test for group comparison and bivariate correlation analysis for correlation between two tests were used. There were no significant differences in characteristics of two groups. The differences in results of eight tests of KCNT between two groups were statistically significant (p<.05) and the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between two tests were statistically significant (p<.05) : simple reaction time (-.580), choice reaction time (-.341), color word vigilance (-.661), digit classification (-.703), 2-digit addition (-.582), 3-digit addition (-.610), symbol digit substitution (-.642), and digit span (.807). These results suggested that simple reaction time and 2-digit addition were useful in discriminating the patients with suspected dementia from normal persons because the Pearson correlation coefficients of the two items of KCNT showed anticlastic association between two groups. And each items of KCNT may use in follow up cognitive function for patients in two groups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2002

연구목적 : Cytokine은 유해 미생물에 대한 숙주의 방어기전으로서의 염증반응에서 숙주세포 상호간의 작용을 매개해 주는 역할을 하며, 인간의 치수조직에서도 그 존재가 확인된 바 있다. Interleukin-6와 Interleukin-10은 염증의 초기에 작용하는 cytokine으로 알려져 있으나, 치수 및 치근단 질환에서의 역할과 상호작용에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 치수염의 원인균으로 알려진 Prevotella nigrescens를 이용하여 백서의 치수염을 유도한 후 시간의 변화에 따른 Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10의 농도의 변화를 측정하여 이들의 치수염에서의 작용을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법 : 실험적으로 치수의 염증반응을 일으키기 위하여 치수염의 원인균으로 알려진 Prevotella nigrescens를 이용하였다. 실험동물의 하악절치의 incisal tip부분을 절단한 후(n=120), 치수강을 개방시켰다. 실험군에서는 Prevotella nigrescens를 멸균된 면구에 묻혀서 개방된 치수강 내에 접종하였으며, 대조군에서는 균을 접종하지 않고 멸균된 면구만을 개방된 치수강 내에 위치시켰다. 그 후 1, 2, 5일이 경과되었을 때 실험에 사용된 치아를 발치하여, 치수조직을 적출하였다. Amersham사의 ELISA kit를 사용하여 적출된 치수조직내의 Interleukin-6와 Interleukin-10의 양을 측정하였으며 그 결과를 Mann-Whitney rank sum test를 사용하여 통계학적 유의성을 검증하였다. 조직학적 검사를 위해서는 발치된 치아를 nitric acid를 사용하여 탈회시킨 후 헤마톡실린-에오신 염색을 시행한 후 관찰하였다. 결과 : 1) Interleukin-6의 농도는 균접종 후 1일, 2일, 5일 모두에서 실험군에서 대조군보다 높게 나타났으며, 균접종 1일째의 결과는 통계적 유의성이 있었다(P<0.05). 2) Interleukin-10의 농도는 균접종 후 1일, 2일, 5일 모두에서 실험군에서 대조군보다 높게 나타났으며, 균접종 1일째의 결과는 통계적 유의성이 있었다(P<0.05). 3) Interleukin-10/1nterleukin-6 ratio는 실험군과 대조군 모두에서 1일보다 2일째의 결과에서 더 높은 값을 보였으며 대조군에서는 통계적 유의성을 보였다(P<0.05). 4)조직학적 관찰결과 균접종 후 2일째의 조직표본에서는 림프구의 침윤과 부분적인 조직의 괴사 등 염증반응의 양상을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 균접종 5일째의 조직표본에서는 염증의 정도가 감소되는 양상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2006

1. 목 적 이 연구의 목적은 성견의 하악 골 결손부에 이식한 생체 유래 골 이식재에 대한 치조골의 반응을 알아보는 것이다. 2. 연구방법 및 재료 생후 1년 이상 된 성견 4마리의 하악 제2소구치 및 제 4 소구치를 발거하고 발치와에 금원심 폭경 8mm, 협설 폭경 5mm, 치조정에서의 깊이 6mm인 결손부를 형성하였다. 4주간의 자연 치유 후 판막을 형성하여 결손부의 크기를 확인하였다. 각각의 결손부 크기가 일정하도록 수정한 후 '이식재+차폐막'군에는 OCS-B을 이식하고 Bio-gide을 차단막으로 사용한 후 봉합하고 '이식재군'은 OCS-B 이식 후 차폐막 없이 봉합하였으며 '비이식'군은 아무런 처치없이 일차봉합하였다. 수술 4, 6주에 실험동물을 각각 희생시켜 실험부위를 적출하고 비탈회 연마 표본을 제작하여 골 치유 양성을 조직학적 및 조직계측학적으로 관찰하였다. 3. 연구결과 이식재 비이식군 및 이식군 모돼서 별다른 부작용없이 잘 치유되었다. 세 실험군 모두에서 술후 4주에 비교하여 술 후 6주에서의 결손부 산생골 형성량이 증가하였다. 술후 4주 소견에서 비이식군은 결손부 주변부위에서 골이 생성되어 나오는 양상을 보였으며 이식군은 이식재 주변으로 골침착 시작되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 술후 6주 소견에서 비이식군은 결손부 경계부로부터의 지속적인 골 생성을 관찰할 수 있었으며 이식군은 이식재 주변으로 침착된 골의 양이 많아지고 신생골이 가교를 형성하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 결 론 차폐막 유무와 상관없이 OCS-B는 염증반응을 전혀 일으키지 않았으며 우수한 골 전도성을 보였다. 또한 결손부의 형태를 잘 유지하여 골재생을 위한 공간을 확보할 수 있었다. 이는 OCS-B가 골이식재로서의 필요조건을 갖추었음을 확인한 결과이며 보다 장기적인 관찰에서 OCS-B의 흡수 가능성을 확인하는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1999

Some of the information concerning sexual function in the male diabetes has been focused upon the problems of endocrine or semen parameters. However, the characteristics of acrosome reaction and spermatozoa concentration at the epididymis and vas deferens have scarcely been studied, and the causes of the infertility has not been critically identified. So, we designed to inspect the spermatozoa concentration and the characteristics of acrosome reaction at epididymis and vas deferens of diabetic Wistar rat induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg, ip). Experimental animal was sacrificed at 3 days and 14 days after the STZ injection. In the diabetes-induced rat, the levels of insulin and glucose had a pattern of inverse proportion. The spermatozoa concentrations in caput and corpus epididymis were significantly decreased in all diabetic condition. In cauda epididymis, however, there was significant decrease in sperm concentration at 14 days onward. In diabetic rat, the spontaneous reaction rate of spermatozoa of cauda and vas deferens were significantly higher than the control group. The ARIC (acrosome reaction to ionophore challenge) value of caudal sperm was 28.7 at control, 22.1 at 3 days, and 8.3 at 14 days. In the present study the spermatozoa concentration was decreased and the spontaneous reaction rate was increased by diabetes. In ARIC-test, it is revealed that the fertility of spermatozoa of 14 days group was lower than control or 3 days group. Diabetes mellitus may be provoke the decreased fertilization rate and subsequent infertility and subsequent infertility.