• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1989

Investigations were carried out into the time-and dose-related changes in acute skin reaction following graded single dose (20,30 and 40 Gy) of x-ray irradiation in Wistar rats, in order to evaluate the radioprotective effect of Diethon on skin. For the duration of skin response over 1. 5 score in dose of 40 Gy, the Diethone group of 24.7 days was significantly different (p<0.02) from that of control (29.8 days) and vaseline (29.2 days) groups, it was $17.1\%$ diminution of skin response period compared with that of control group. By the averaging daily scores for 10 days during peak skin reaction the mean scores were obtained. Mean score of Diethone group $(2.43\pm0.22)$ was significantly different (p<0.01) from that of control $(2.91\pm0.23)$ and vaseline $(2.81\pm0.18)$ groups of 40Gy dose. By iso-effect dose obtained at level of 2.5 score the dose reduction factor (DRF) was 1.41 which reduced radiation dose of $41\%$ by radioprotective effect of Diethone. From this experimental data, it may be possible to give higer radiation dose to large and/or radioresistant tumor mass rather than conventional treatment doses for improving therapeutic ratio by using topical application of skin radioprotector.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated accommodative changes by measuring accommodative response, appearing on the normal and convergence insufficiency Group, by using both eyes open-view auto-refractometer (Nvision-K5001, shin-nippon, Japan). Methods: It carried out objective and subjective refractions, targeting 74 college students (54 males and 20 females) aged between 19 and 29 ($21.59{\pm}2.53$), spherical equivalent OD $-2.28{\pm}2.03$ D, OS $-2.18{\pm}2.01$ D, by measuring accommodative responses at full correction and under correction with plus lens +0.25, +0.50, +0.75 arbitrarily added. Results: In the group of normal and convergence insufficiency, the shorter fixation distances were, the greater accommodative lags showed. The group of convergence insufficiency showed the lesser changes of accommodative response than those of normal. But we found that the convergence insufficiency group had a little larger accommodative amplitude in the total fixation distances. The full correction of convergence insufficiency group and the under correction (+0.50 D) of normal were alike in the accommodative responses. We have also investigated that the correlation between accommodative responses and fixation distances was decreased steeply at the excessive low vision correction. Conclusions: Under correction (+0.50 D) in a near distance is expected to avoid unnecessary accommodative responses, make eyes relaxed and comfortable.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether radiation adaptive response could be induced by high dose I-131 therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Lymphocytes from 21 patients (7 males, 14 females, mean age $55{\pm}12$ years) were collected before and after administration of 5,550 MBq (150 mCi) I-131. They were exposed to a challenge dose of 1 Gy gamma rays using a Cs-137 cell irradiator. The number of ring-form (R) and dicentric (D) chromosomes was counted under the light microscope, and used to calculate the frequency of chromosomal aberration. Ydr, which was defined as the sum of R and D divided by the total number of counted lymphocytes. Results: Ydr in patients before I-131 therapy ($0.09{\pm}0.01$) was not different from that of controls ($0.08{\pm}0.01$). Ydr was significantly increased to $0.13{\pm}0.02$ (p<0.0001) after I-131 therapy. Increase of Ydr after the challenge irradiation of 1 Gy was significantly lower in patients after I-131 therapy than before I-131 therapy ($0.17{\pm}0.03\;vs\;0.21{\pm}0.02$, p<0.0001). Cycloheximide (CHM), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, abolished this effect. Ydr after CHM ($0.20{\pm}0.01$) was significantly higher than Ydr after I-131 therapy ($0.17{\pm}0.03$, p<0.0001), but was not different from Ydr before I-131 therapy ($0.21{\pm}0.02$).Conclusion: High dose I-131 therapy induces an adaptive response in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, which is associated with protein synthesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.502-512
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• 1995

Background: One quarter to one third of patients with NSCLC present with primary tumors that although confined to the thorax are too extensive for surgical resection. Until resently standard treatment for these patients had been thoracic radiation, which produces tumor regression in most patients but few cures and dismal 5-year survival rate. The fact that death for most patients with stage III tumors is caused by distant metastases has promped a reevaluation of combined modality treatment approaches that include systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, we report the results observed in a study to evaluate the effect of multimodality treatment in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer from 1/91 to 8/93 in CNUH. Method: We grouped the patients according to the treatment modalities and evaluated response rate, median survival and the effect of prognostic variables. Among 67 patients evaluated, twenty seven patients classified with group A, received cisplatin and etoposide containing combination chemotherapy alone, eighteen patients, classified with group B, received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, fifteen patients, group C, received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with/without radiation therapy, seven patients, group D, received only supportive care. Result: The major response rate for group A and B was 37% and 61% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in response rate between A and B groups(p=0.97). The analysis of prognostic factors showed that differences of age, sex, pathology, blood type, smoking year, stage and ECOG performance did not related to improvement in survival. Median survival time was 8.6 months for group A, 13.4 months for group B, 19.2 months for group C, and 5.4 months for group D, respectively and there was statistically significant difference(p=0.003), suggesting that multimodality therapy was associated with signigicant improvement in survival. Subset survival analysis showed a significant therapeutic effect for earlier stage and good performance state(p=0.007, 0.009, respectively). A possible survival advantages were observed for major response groups. Conclusion: It was suggested that multimodality therapy for the management of patients who had stage III disease, has yielded good median survival and long survival for seleted patients. But, it is necessory to validate above result with further investigation in large scale and in prospective randomized trials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 2007

Effects of green tea seed oil intake on the serum cholesterol, the thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) formation of liver and inflammatory markers of plasma and macrophage in cholesterol fed mice were investigated, comparing to the intakes of corn oil and olive oil. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups and fed the experimental diets: supplemented corn oil, green tea seed oil and olive oil to cholesterol diet, respectively, at the level of 10% for 9 weeks. The increased levels of serum cholesterol of green tea seed oil group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of corn oil group until 6 weeks. The TBARS formation in liver of green tea seed oil and olive oil groups were significantly (p<0.05) reduced than those of corn oil group. The contents of inflammatory markers ($LTB4,\;TNF-{\alpha},\;PGE2,\;NO$) in plasma and macrophage did not show significant differences among the experimental groups. These results showed that green tea seed oil could exert the activity of decreasing serum cholesterol and the antioxidative activity in cholesterol fed mice liver. Therefore, we suggest that green tea seed oil might be developed as a high quality edible oil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.311-316
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• 1997

무붕산 노심의 부하추종운전을 위하여 출력제어기법을 개발하였다. 무붕산 노심의 출력제어 논리는 출력 준위와 제어봉의 위치에 따라 제어군의 역할을 반응도 제어에 사용되는 제어군과 출력분포 제어에 사용되는 제어군으로 구분하여 8가지의 제어군 구동 형태를 가지며, ASI 편차를 입력으로 구동할 제어군이 결정된다. 무붕산 노심의 출력제어 논리를 적용하여 ONED94 코드로 일일 부하추종운전을 모사하였다. 모사 결과 주기초(0 MWD/MTU)와 주기중(7000 MWD/MTU)에는 ASI 편차 $\pm$10% 내에서 부하추종운전이 가능하며, 85% 주기말(11000 MWD/MTU)에서는 $\pm$12% 내에서 부하추종운전이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 1994

저자는 1990년부터 1993년 사이에 부산대학병원 구강내과에 내원하여 두 개하악장애로 진단되어 보존적 치료를 시행받은 884명의 환자를 대상으로 Solberg의 악관절장애조사 설문지를 작성케한 후, 성, 연령, 병력기간, 진단명, SCL-90-R, 치료에 대한 반응에 따라 환자군을 세분하여 각 환자군의 설문지 문항별 응답양태 및 이에 따른 예후예측을 분석한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 악기능 및 예후악화요인 문항에서는 여성이 높은 응답수를 보인 반면, 기여요인 및 습관문항에 서는 남성이 높은 응답수를 나타내었다. 2. 고령층의 환자에서 행동 및 예후악화요인이 두드러졌다. 3. 만성군이 급성군에 비해 전 문항에서 높은 응답수를 나타내었다. 4. 혼합군 및 근육장애혼자가 관절장애환자에 비해 설문지 전 문항에서 많은 응답을 하였다. 5. SCL-90-R에서 비정상인 환자가 정상군의 환자에 비해 악기능을 제외한 전 문항에서 높은 응답수를 보였다. 6. 치료에 무반응인 환자가 성공한 환자에 비해 습관요인 문항을 제외한 설문지 전체에서 많은 응답을 하였다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.298-307
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect on oxygen inhibition layer(OIL) for the interfacial bonding between resin composite layers, including shear bond strength, fracture modes and degree of conversion. The first layer of specimen was filled with Z-250(shade A3) and was cured for 40s. The second layer of specimen was filled with same composite(shade A1) and was cured for 40s. The first layer of specimens for each group were prepared by methods as followings. Control(curing in atmospheric air), Group1(curing against Mylar strip), Group2(scrubbed with a acetone-soaked cotton), Group3(using Tescera light cup), Group4(using Tescera heat cup), Group5(stored in disti1led water for 30days at $37^{\circ}C$), Group6 (using bonding agent). The results were as follows: 1. There was no statistically significant different shear bond strength between control and group 1(p>0.05). 2. Group 2 showed significantly lower shear bond strength than control and group 1(p<0.05). 3. The observation of the fracture surface leads to the evidence that a major difference occurs in the case of control, group1 and group 3 samples which break mainly cohesively while the other groups break in majority adhesively. 4. The results of FTIR showed that the degree of conversion was the highest in group 2 and the lowest in control group(p<0.05). It can be concluded that an OIL is not necessary for bonding with composite resin. But if a reduced critical amount of the unreacted monomer is present, it was detrimental to bonding additional layers of composite. Further study, such as the quantitative analysis of the unreacted monomer are required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.309-317
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the effects of restoring cognition function and neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus according to memory and learning training in rats affected by brain injury. Brain injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats(36 rats) through middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAo). And then experiment groups were randomly divided into three groups; Group I: Brain injury induction(n=12), Group II: the application for treadmill training after brain injury induction(n=12), Group III: the application for memory and learning training after brain injury induction(n=12). Morris water maze acquisition test and retention test were performed to test cognitive function. And the histological examination was also observed through the immunohistochemistric response of BDNF(brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the hippocampus. For Morris water maze acquisition test, there were significant interactions among the groups with the time(p<.001). The time to find the circular platform in Group III was more shortened than in Group I, II on the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th day. For Morris water maze retention test, there were significant differences among the groups(p<.001). The time to dwell on quadrant circular platform in Group III on the 13th day was the longest compared with other groups. And as the result of observing the immunohistochemistric response of BDNF in the hippocampus CA1, the response of immunoreactive positive in Group III on the 7th day increased more than that of Group I, II. These results suggested that the memory and learning training in rats with brain injury has a more significant impact on restoring cognitive function via the changes of neurotropic factor expression and synaptic neuroplasticity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2002

In order to observe the bioactivity of ovariectomized rats, nonovariertoized (sham) group, ovariectomized (Ovx) group, ovariectomized ginseng total saponin (GTS)-treated (Ovx+ GTS) group and ovariectomized ginseng water extract (GW)-treated (Ovx+CW) group were made. We measured AST (L-aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (L-alanin aminotransferase) in sera, and MDA (malondialdehyde:lipid peroxidation), SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, total-glutathione (GSH + GSSG) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in liver tissue total homogenates of rat. AST activity of serum in Ovx group was 2.11 times increased, but ALT activity was not changed compared to Sham group. In AST activity, they tend to decrease significantly in each substance such as GTS and GW administered group. Lipidperoxides of each fraction in Ovx group were highly increased compared to Sham group. Extracts of ginseng-treated group markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 62% ∼72%. And as the result of the measurements of SOD, catalase, total-glutathione and GPx which are antioxidant enzyme, antioxidant enzymes in Ovx group much lower than in Sham group. But they were significantly increased in each substance such as GTS and GW, administered group. Based on the results, it is supposed that more produced free radicals decreased antioxidant enzyme. And it is also thought that extracts of ginseng can inhibit aging by reducing antioxidant enzyme.