• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.470-475
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• 2007

Oplopanax elatus (O. elatus) is a tall deciduous shrub that has traditionally been used for σ eating a variety of ailments such as diabetes, coughling, rheumatism, gastro-intestinal disorders, and wounds. In order to examine the safety of the ethanol extracts of O. elatus, we performed a 14-day repeated-dose toxicity study with Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were treated with daily doses of the D. elatus ethanol extracts by gavage at 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days. We recorded clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, hematology, organ weights, gross and histological changes in target organs, and clinical chemistry analysis data for all rats. There were no significant changes in body and organ weights during the experimental period. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data revealed no toxic effects from the O. elatus ethanol extracts. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed between the control and treated rats of both sexes. Collectively, these data suggest that the ethanol extracts of O. elatus have a high margin of safety.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.3-7
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• 2004

재료에 단순 인장시험에 의해 구한 항복강도의 2/3의 축응력을 부가하면, 소성변형과 파괴는 일어나지 않지만, 상당한 사이클로 반복하여 부가하면, 파괴가 일어난다. 이것을 피로파괴라고 한다 대부분의 구조물이나 기계부품은 재료의 항복응력 이하의 반복하중을 받으면서 작동되므로, 피로파괴가 자주 발생한다.(중략)

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 1989

The object of this paper is to study the general characteristics of overconsolidated silty clays subjected to repeated loading. The samples are first remolded. overconsolidated and a series of strain - controlled triaxial repeated tests are carried out. Generally the relationship of deviator stress - axial strain of overconsolidated clay is similar in pattern to the normally consolidated clay under single load. But the behavior of the pore water pressure build up in the sample subjected to repeated loading is dependent upon the consolidation history and the level of repeated stress. Therefore through the series of the tests, the characteristics of stress -strain relationship of soils which are differentlly overconsolidated are investigated, analysed and then compared with each soils. And also, from the relationship of test results, the strength and strain characteristics of soils are obierved. The equilibrium lines which presents the critical repeated stress and equilibrium state in the sample under repeated loading, are often straight, but may be curved. And the tendency of the equilibrium lines is observed as to the variation of overconsolidation ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

In this study, in order to take advantage of samples collected in the Jangbogo station, and to grasp the liquefaction resistance characteristics of the dynamic load was performed cyclic triaxial test. Also, through the comparison with the existing literature. The test results, for the relationship between number of cycles for the same cyclic shear stress ratio and the cyclic shear stress ratio to produce an axial strain of 5%, in all samples, the cyclic shear stress ratio to liquefaction for the specimen, which has been liquefied, was increased, whereas number of cycles were reduced. The cyclic shear stress ratio of samples first decrease up to the fine content of about 10%. After this strength level, there is a little increase in cyclic shear stress ratio with increasing fine content. In addition, the cyclic shear stress ratio between cohesive strength, mean particle size, and friction angle decrease but some time later, there was a tendency that cyclic shear stress ratio is a little increased.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.581-594
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• 2013

A group sequential design can end a clinical trial early if a confirmed efficacy or a futility of study medication is found during clinical trials. Adaptation can adjust the design of clinical trials based on accumulated data. The key to this methodology is considered to control the overall type 1 error rate while maintaining the integrity of clinical trials. The estimation would be more complex and the sample size calculation will be more difficult if the clinical trials have repeated measurement data. Lee et al. (2002) suggested a repeated observation case by using the independent increments properties of the interim test statistics and investigated the properties of the proposed confidence interval based on the stage-wise ordering. This study extend Lee et al. (2002) to adaptive group sequential design. We suggest test statistics for the adaptation as redesigning the second stage of clinical trials and induce the stage-wise confidence interval of parameter of interests. The simulation will help to confirm the suggested method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

This study investigated deformation behavior of major nuclear structural materials under cyclic loading conditions via cyclic stress-strain test. The cyclic stress-strain tests were conducted on SA312 TP316 stainless steel and SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1 low-alloy steel, which are used as materials for primary piping and reactor pressure vessel nozzle respectively, under cyclic load with constant strain amplitude and constant load amplitude at room temperature (RT) and $316^{\circ}C$. From the results of tests, the cyclic hardening and softening behavior, stabilized cyclic stress-strain behavior, and ratcheting behavior of both materials were investigated at both RT and $316^{\circ}C$. In addition, appropriate considerations for cyclic deformation behavior in the structural integrity evaluation of major nuclear components under excessive seismic condition were discussed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 2000

The stiffness of the subbase materials is represented by the resilient modulus, $M_R$, which are very important properties in the mechanistic design of flexible pavement system. However, the cyclic $M_R$ testing method is too complex, expensive, and time consuming to be applicable on a production basis. In this study, the alternative $M_R$ testing technique for subbase materials was developed using a free-free resonant column (FF-RC) test considering deformational characteristics of subbase materials. To estimate the deformational characteristics of subbase materials, effects of strain amplitude and mean effective stress on modulus of subbase materials were investigated. The $M_R$ values determined by alternative testing procedures matched well with those determined by standard $M_R$ test, showing the capability of the proposed methods being used in determining $M_R$ values.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.890-892
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• 2004

단락발전기를 이용하여 대전류 단락시험을 실시하는 시험 설비중 단락전류 투입시 정밀한 투입 위상각 제어와 주접점 접촉시 바운싱이 없는 투입개폐기 특성이 요구된다. 이러한 특성을 만족시키기 위하여 공압식, 모터식, 유압식등 여러 종류의 투입개폐기가 사용되고 있으며 Actuator와 주 접점 형상설계 및 조립기술에 의한 바운싱이 없는 제품 제작이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 정격전압 24 kV 단락전류 47 kA, 통전시간 0.5 s의 투입용량과 연속 반복 투입시 $\pm0.1$ ms의 오차특성을 가진 정밀급 유압식 투입개폐기의 동작특성과 핵심부품 조사 및 바운싱 제거를 위한 대책실시와 반복시험을 통하여 투입개폐기 특성에 대한 연구를 목적으로 한다.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 1990

이 논문은 메모리 재료의 기록, 소거의 반복시험에 의한 재료의 열화정도, 기록시의 열안정성, 신뢰성 등을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 것을 알았다. 1)Ex/Ec가 0.69의 경우 $10^{7}$ 회 이상의 기록, 소거의 반복시험에도 분극의 변화는 없었으며 또한 1.78배에 있어서도 $10^{3}$회 까지는 문제가 없음을 알았다. 2)항전계의 1/2을 초과하는 역펄스 전게에서도 분극에는 전혀 변화가 없었다. 3)열처리 시험에 있어서 열에 의한 분극의 감쇠는 15분 이내에 일정치에 달했으며 또한 불화 비닐덴의 조성비가 클수록 열안정성이 증가했다.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2008

Moisture damage of asphalt mixtures can occur because of a loss of bond between the asphalt binder and the fine and coarse aggregates. Therefore, moisture damage on asphalt pavements is the main cause of potholes, which is one of the main distress type of asphalt pavement. The purpose of this study is to evaluation effect moisture damage on material properties of asphalt mixtures through the laboratory performance test. The existing Modified Lottman test procedure was improved and the number of times that thermal cyclic conditioning can be added until the asphalt mixtures is damaged, was tested in order to exhibit the changes of the material properties because of moisture damage by immersion. Through the above experiments, it was found that the material properties of asphalt mixtures on room-temperature were rapidly decreased with loss of about 50% at initial stage of moisture damage caused by the amount of repeated immersion. Also, it was found that the property damage ratio using material properties of failure energy and $DCSE_f$ by test temperature $25^{\circ}C$ were showed a high relationship to moisture damage of the asphalt mixtures caused by the amount of repeated immersion.