• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.132-139
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the height and insole height upon landing on the lower limb joint angle and muscle activity during maximum ground repulsion in young men. For a male in their twenties, a landing motion was performed with a force plate on a 40cm-high platform by wearing one of 0, 3, 5cm polyurethane insoles per week for a total of 3 weeks. During the landing motion, the joint angle of the lower extremities and the muscle activity of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, anterior tibialis and calf muscles were measured during the maximum ground repulsion. In order to compare the changes in the joint angle and muscle activity of the lower limbs according to the height of the insole, a one-way ANOVA with repetitive factors was performed. As a result of the analysis of the lower limb joint angle, the higher the height of the insole affected the angle of the left ankle joint. As a result of the muscle activity analysis, the higher the height of the insole affected the right anterior tibialis muscle and biceps femoris. It is thought that it is possible to protect the body when landing through sufficient muscle strength increase of the lower limb muscles. As the angle of the affected muscle and lower limb joint may be different depending on the type of insole, it is considered necessary to study it.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2012

Purpose: This study investigated the effects that music therapy by self-selected music listening has on the affect and stress relief in adult patients who have been diagnosed with terminal cancer by pain level. Methods: Participants were 20 terminally ill cancer patients who were over 18 years old and were admitted to the hospice and palliative care unit of a local hospital. At the beginning of each session, participants selected music of their choice. Each participant had a total of six 30-minute music listening sessions. Participants were grouped into two according to their self-rated perceived pain scores on the visual analogue scale and numeric rated score: 5 and above and less than 5. Each participant completed a questionnaire on their affect state before and after each session and a questionnaire on their stress level before the first session and after the last session. Further analysis was performed to compare differences between the two groups according to pain level. Results: There were significant differences in patients' affect before and after each session (P<0.001) and stress level before and after the therapy (P=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, self-selected music listening had positive effects on terminal cancer patients' affect and stress regardless of perceived pain level. Therefore, self-selected music listening can be used as an appropriate intervention to improve affect and reduce stress in terminal cancer patients in the hospice and palliative care unit.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.521-528
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• 2013

This study was performed to examine effects of PNF combined pattern training on balance ability and functional ability of hockey players. In order to achieve this purpose, total 28 participants were separated into two group: 14 comparison group and 14 experiment group, and the experiment group performed PNF combined pattern training for 12 week, 3 times a week, 60 minutes a day. Each group was measured beforehand, after 6 week and 12 week. balance ability was measured using GOOD BALANCE system and functional ability was measured using carioca and shuttle-run test. For statistically verifying above measured values, repeated measure analysis of variance was analyzed and have following results. As the comparing results of balance ability, normal standing eye close(NSEC) was ant-post and velocity moment of experiment group showed significant differences(p<.05). And one leg right eye close(OLREC) was ant-post, med-lat and velocity moment of experiment group showed significant differences (p<.05). Also, dynamic balance ability was ant-post and velocity moment of experiment groups showed significant differences(p<.05). As the comparing results of functional ability, shuttle-run of experiment group sowed significant differences(p<.05). From above results, balance ability of hockey players was shown to be improved through symmetric training of PNF combined pattern applied to hockey players, and it can be considered that this is actively recommended for training method to improve athletic performance of hockey players.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.118-130
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• 2021

This study designs and validates a greenhouse complex environmental control algorithm with a multi-phase processing scheme that can combine and control actuators according to the degree of change in the greenhouse environment. The composite environmental control system is a system in which the complex environmental controller analyzes the information detected by sensors and operates appropriately actuators to maintain the crop growth environment. A composite environmental controller directs control devices driving actuators through a composite environmental control algorithm, which calculates the values necessary for the operation of the control devices. Most existing algorithms carry out control procedures on a single phase by iteration cycle, which can cause abnormal changes in the greenhouse environment due to errors in output. The proposed algorithm distributes control procedures over multiple phases: environmental control, environmental control, and device operation, and every iteration cycle, detects environmental changes in the environmental control phase first, and then combines control devices that can control the environment in the environmental control phase, and finally, performs the controls to derive the actuators in the device operation phase. The proposed algorithm is designed based on the analysis of the relationship between greenhouse environmental elements and control devices deriving actuators. According to verification analysis, the multi-phase processing scheme provides room to modify or supplement the setting value and enables the control devices to reflect changes in the associated environmental components.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.257-265
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different ramp inclination on the maximum plantar foot pressure and pathway of the center of pressure. Fifteen healthy adults who had no musculoskeletal disorders were participated with this study and descended the ramp with different inclination(level, $-5^{\circ}$, $-10^{\circ}$, $-15^{\circ}$). Plantar foot pressures were recorded by the Matscan system(Tekscan, Boston, USA) during level and descending ramp with barefoot. Plantar foot surface was defined as seven regions for pressure measurement; two toe regions, three forefoot regions, one midfoot region, one heel region. Repeated ANOVA was used to compare each region data of foot according to different ramp inclination. As descending ramp inclination became increased, the pressure of hallux region was significantly increased at $-15^{\circ}$ inclination and the pressure of 2-3 metatasal head region were significantly decreased at $-5^{\circ}$, $-10^{\circ}$, $-15^{\circ}$ inclination. The pathway of COP had a tendency to be shifted inside in forefoot and prolonged to great toe as the descending ramp inclination increased. The results indicated that plantar foot pressure could be changed at hallux and forefoot regions with $-5^{\circ}$ ramp inclination and these findings demonstrated that ramp inclination could affect the structure and function of foot.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

This study was carried out to produce Reference Materials (RMs) for Proficiency Testing (PT) of PCBs in waste analytical laboratories. Two RMs were prepared from used transformer oil samples and PCB free transformer oil by spiking PCBs standard solutions. The spiked PCB RMs were homogenized by mixing and settling up to 90 days. Homogenized concentration of PCBs with Arochlor 1254 (6 ppm), 1254:1260 (1:1) (5 ppm) were observed in 60 days stationary phase but Arochlor 1260 (3.5 mg/L) were observed in 90 days stationary phase. One-way ANOVA test were carried out and showed that the RMs were suitably homogenized, which can be used for proficiency testing. The Relative Standard Deviations (RSDs) of analytical results were 3.51~5.01% for the PCBs RMs in 10 replicates. The expanded uncertainty of PCBs analytical procedure were 0.26~0.49.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2023

Pediatric Computed Tomography (CT) examinations can often result in exam failures or the need for frequent retests due to the difficulty of cooperation from young patients. Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR) methods offer the potential to obtain diagnostically valuable images while reducing the retest rate in CT examinations of pediatric patients with high radiation sensitivity. In this study, we investigated the possibility of applying DLIR to reduce artifacts caused by respiration or motion and obtain clinically useful images in pediatric chest CT examinations. Retrospective analysis was conducted on chest CT examination data of 43 children under the age of 7 from P Hospital in Gyeongsangnam-do. The images reconstructed using Filtered Back Projection (FBP), Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR-50), and the deep learning algorithm TrueFidelity-Middle (TF-M) were compared. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn on the right ascending aorta (AA) and back muscle (BM) in contrast-enhanced chest images, and noise (standard deviation, SD) was measured using Hounsfield units (HU) in each image. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (ver. 22.0), analyzing the mean values of the three measurements with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the SD values for AA were FBP=25.65±3.75, ASIR-50=19.08±3.93, and TF-M=17.05±4.45 (F=66.72, p=0.00), while the SD values for BM were FBP=26.64±3.81, ASIR-50=19.19±3.37, and TF-M=19.87±4.25 (F=49.54, p=0.00). Post-hoc tests revealed significant differences among the three groups. DLIR using TF-M demonstrated significantly lower noise values compared to conventional reconstruction methods. Therefore, the application of the deep learning algorithm TrueFidelity-Middle (TF-M) is expected to be clinically valuable in pediatric chest CT examinations by reducing the degradation of image quality caused by respiration or motion.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.801-811
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find out how land cover and planting of an urban park influence temperature. Field research on the land cover and planting status was conducted for Bundang Central Park in Sungnam-si. 30 study plots in the site were selected to closely analyze land cover type and planting structure. The temperature was measured 10 times for each plot. Land coverage type, planting type, planting layer structure and green space area (the ratio of green coverage, GVZ) were chosen as factors impacting temperature and statistics were analyzed for the actual temperature measured. Analysis on how the land coverage type influences temperature showed that planting site had a low temperature and that grassland and paved land had a high temperature. When it comes to planting type, the temperature at the land planted with conifers and broad-leaved trees was low, while the temperature at grassland and paved land was high. With regard to planting layer structure, canopy and canopy-underplanting type showed low temperature, while grassland and paved land showed high temperature. An analysis on the relation between green space area and temperature found out that both ratio of green coverage and GVZ had a high level of negative correlation with the temperature measured. According to regression model of green space area and the temperature measured, for every 1% increase in the ratio of green coverage, temperature is expected to lower by $0.002^{\circ}C$. Also, for every $1m^3/m^2$ increase in GVZ, temperature is expected to go down by $0.122^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

Objectives : It is the objective of this study to compare hepatotoxicity of nickel chloride and cadmium chloride with each other through IPRL(Isolated Perfused Rat Liver) method. Methods : Biochemical indicator of hepatic function such as AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), LDH(lactate dehydrogenase) and perfusion flow rate were used as the indicator of hepatotoxicity. Oxygen consumption rate were used as vability indicator. $300({\pm}50)g$ - weighted rats were allocated randomly to each group($0{\mu}M,\;50{\mu}M,\;200{\mu}M\;NiCl_2\;and\;CdCl_2$ exposure) by 5, totally 25. After Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate butler solution flowed into the penal vein and passed the liver cell, it flowed out of vena cava. Liver was administered with each $NiCl_2\;and\;CdCl_2$ of each concentration and observed with buffer solution sampling time. Butler which got out of liver was sampled and then biochemical indicator of hepatotoxicity was measured. Results : AST, ALT, and LDH in buffer increased with sampling time much more in $CdCl_2$ exposure group than $NiCl_2$ exposure group in both 50 and $200{\mu}M$ and statistical significance w3s verified with 2-way repeated ANOVA. Viability was decreased more and more in all substances during passed time. Conclusions : It is inferred that $CdCl_2$ has stronger hepatotoxicity than $NiCl_2$. IPRL method would be used widely for acute hepatotoxicity when considerating the benefit of it.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.398-404
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a non-elastic fixation belt on the balance ability and fall prevention in elderly women. Elderly women experience reduced balance ability and an increased risk of falls due to a weakening of the surrounding sacroiliac joint and pelvic muscles during childbirth and menopause. On the other hand, specific studies are still needed. The subjects were allocated randomly to two groups: control (n=20) and experimental (n=20). The experimental group used a non-elastic fixation belt, whereas the control group had no fixation belt. The balance ability and the fall index were measured in all subjects using a balance measurement device, and the low abdominal muscle thickness was determined in the experimental group using ultrasound imaging for the exact application of the non-elastic fixation belt. The following statistical analysis was performed: an independent t-test for the general characteristics of the subjects, $2{\times}2$ analysis of variance with repeated measures for the balance and fall index score, and a paired t-test for the abdominal muscle thickness. The group ${\times}$ time interaction effect showed significant improvement in the General Stability Index (F1,38=47.24, p=0.001), Fourier Harmony Index (F1,38=88.83, p=0.001), Weight Distribution Index (F1,38=50.21, p=0.001), and Fall Index (F1,38=21.59, p=0.001). The thicknesses of the transverse abdominal (p=0.001) and internal oblique (p=0.001) muscles were increased significantly in the experimental group after using the non-elastic fixation belt. Overall, the application of a non-elastic fixation belt could be effective in improving the balance ability and fall prevention in elderly women.