• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

본 연구는 제주 한남시험림에서 2006년 11월부터 2007년 2월까지 매달 3일 연속으로 선조사법 실시 2개 지역과 정점조사법 실시 2개 지역을 정하여 동계 조류 군집을 조사하였다. 총 32종의 조류를 확인하였으며, 출현빈도 0.50 이상인 조류는 11월 직박구리, 검은머리방울새, 큰부리까마귀, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 박새였으며, 12월 직박구리, 큰부리까마귀, 검은머리방울새, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 노랑턱멧새, 박새였으며, 1월 직박구리, 큰부리까마귀, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 박새였으며 2월 곤줄박이, 큰부리까마귀, 직박구리, 검은머리방울새, 노랑턱멧새, 박새였다. 박새류 중 곤줄박이, 진박새, 박새 3종만을 확인하였으며, 기존 문헌에 기재된 쇠박새는 확인하지 못하였다. 큰오색딱다구리의 관찰빈도는 평균 0.37로서 육지(mainland)에 비하여 높았으며, 삼나무숲과 활엽수림에서 둥지를 발견할 수 있었다. 향후, 지속가능한 산림경영과 관련하여 큰오색딱다구리를 비롯한 산림성 조류에 대한 지속적 모니터링에 대한 고찰을 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06d
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

본 논문은 한국산 박새(Parus major)의 소리(song)를 이용해서 태백산맥을 경계로 동서간의 지리적 변이에 관한 논문이다. 박새 소리의 지리적인 변이를 알아보기 위하여 지역간 음절의 시간과 주파수 요인을 비교하고, factor의 군집화의 지역간의 변이정도를 알아보기 위하여 Cluster Analysis와 discriminant Analysis를 실시하였다. 그 결과 태백산맥을 경계로 동쪽지역여과 서쪽지역은 영덕군과 청송군, 삼척시와 태백시를 중심으로 해서 지리적인 변이를 나타냈다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.95-97
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• 2005

A rust disease occurred on Veratrum patulum in Deogyusan National Park, Jeollabukdo. The typical symptoms of the disease appeared as small, yellowish spots on leaves at first. The spots then turned brown, their edges rised slightly, and powdery mass of yellow or yellowish brown spores appeared on the lesions. Severely infected leaves blighted and eventually defoliated. Urediniospores were yellowish brown in color, globose, subglobose or ellipsoid in shape and $19{\sim}27\;{\times}\;17{\sim}24\;{\mu}m$ in size. Teliospores were brown in color, ellipsoid, ovate or oblong in shape and $19{\sim}36\;{\times}\;15{\sim}21\;{\mu}m$ in size, the apex mostly rounded, with hyaline or subhyaline conical papilla, the base rounded or attenuated, smooth. Pedicels hyaline or subhyaline, up to $38\;{\mu}m$ long. The causal fungus was identified as Uromyces veratri Schroeter based on mycological characteristics and host specificity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2014

This study seeks to identify the effects of light pollution and environmental factors on Great Tits(Parus major) bird's chirping at dawn. For this research, the campus of Sanji University, Wonju, South Korea was selected as the area with light pollution and the western forest of the Chiaksan National Park was chosen as the natural area herein. The Recording period was between March 26th and May 30th, 2014. As a result of analyzing the chirping time according to light pollution, it was found that the light pollution area clearly showed earlier chirping time than the natural area (p<0.05). Great Tits(P. major) normally start their first chirping before sunrise and in most of the days under investigation of this research, those in Sanji University started to chirp earlier. This faster chirping time seems to improve the chance for the female birds to mate with immature males thus, baby birds hatch earlier than the appropriate breeding season and results in the lack of feed resources. The correlation between Great Tits'(P. major) dawn chirping and environmental factors were investigated herein including the time of sunrise, civil twilight, navigation twilight, astronomical twilight, average temperature, highest temperature, lowest temperature, time of moonrise and cloudiness. The first chirping time of wild birds in the day was found to have correlations with all of the environmental factors excluding the time of moonrise and cloudiness. Great Tits(P. major) started their first chirping before sunrise when the day started to break around civil twilight. Along with the earlier sunrise and higher air temperature, their dawn chirping time was also quickened. The time of moonrise and cloudiness did not show a correlation and further follow-up studies will be necessary in this regard.

• 공원문화
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• s.69
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• pp.12-13
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• 1998

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 1990

Electrophoretic methods were used to examine the degree of genic variation and genetic relatedness in 11 populations representing 6 species and subspecies of the genus Parus in Korea. The average degree of genic variation of 3 subspecies of P. major was =1.2, =24.4% , D=0.042, and G=0.058, whereas the rest of the species showed slightly lower degree of genic variation than P. major. Genetic relatedness between subspecies and species in the genus Parus showed similar to those reported at comparable taxnonomic levels in other birds. But it appears to be considerably less than that of non avian taxa. Genetic relatedness between 3 subspecies of P.major and P. varius varius was closely related(=0.80), whereas between P.palustrius hellmayri and P.ater amurensis was relatively remote (=0.67). The presumed divergent times of P.palustrius hellmayri, P, ater amurensis , and P. varius varius were about 1.8, 1.6, and 1.0million years before present respectively, and 3 subspecies of P. major were recently differentiated about 100 thousands years before present.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1961

1. 본 조사는 1955년부터 1958년까지 약 4년간 서울 청량리 임업시험장 시험림내 약 5 ha 범위에 가설한 10여개의 소상에 번식한 산림조류의 번식경과미치 이용성적을 관찰한 것이다. 2. 소상이용조류 5 종중 박새 Parus major 짐야잰사두냔,북방쇠찌르레기 Sturina sturnina sturnina, 흰눈섭 황금새가 우점종으로 이용율이 높았다. 3. 박새는 침엽수림내의 우점종으로 특히 타종의 이용권내외의 임상적환경, 소나무, 잣나무 침엽수림내의 소상에서의 이용율이 좋았다. 4. 북방쇠찌르레기는 침엽수보다는 촬엽수와의 혼육림, 특히 도시부근 평지의 소림을 호서식처러 하며 식재한 종자식물 Sambucus latipinna 딱총나무, 벗나무열매를 즐겨 채식하므로 전기 재식종자식물은 본종의 유지번식상 효과적이었다. 5. 흰눈섭황금새는 활엽수나 혼육림내의 우점종으로 소상의 규격 및 구경이 제일 작으므로서 타종의 침해를 받을 우려도 적을 뿐더러 앞으로 보다 높은 이용율을 예상할 수 있다. 6. 소상이용조류중 특히 우점종에 대한 번식경과를 관찰기록하였다. 7. 소상침해동물을 조사 관찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06d
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• pp.46-55
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• 1998

본 논문은 한국산 박새의 소리를 이용한 위도에 따른 지리적 변이에 관한 논문이다. Note types은 2 음절에서는 low note가 16개, high note에서는 18개 type을 나타내었고, 3음절의 secondary-high note에서 11개의 유형을 나타내었고, low note에서는 대체로 Nm VFV type을 많이 사용하였고, high note에서는 특이하게 모든 sitedptj M type을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 위도에 따른 지역적이 변이는 해안지역이 내륙지역보다 더 많이 나타났고(MANOVA , p<0.001) , factor 별 공유정도는 phrase와 phraserks duration, low note의 frequency range, high note의 frequency range에서는 차이를 보였고 (ANOVA, p<0.05), 다른 factor들에서는 대부분 factor의 유형이 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.397-401
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• 2011

This study was conducted to clarify the breeding ecology of tits Parus spp. used artificial nest boxes in a deciduous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010. Varied tit Parus varius, marsh tit P. palustris and great tit P. major bred in artificial nest boxes during our study period. There were no differences in number of breeding bird pairs among different entrance diameters of artificial nest boxes. The number of breeding pairs of great tits was the most highest among tits and that of varied tits was the least. Great tits mainly used 40 mm and 35 mm artificial nest box entrance diameter and marsh tits preferred 30 mm entrance diameter. In three tits species, there were differences in first egg date, clutch size, brood size, egg incubation period, nestling care period and breeding success among study years. It is needed the study on long-term ecological research about breeding ecology of tits related with habitat conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.760-766
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• 2011

This study was analyzed between actual vegetation type and 4 Paridaes of Korea (Great tit Parus major minor, Marsh tit P. palustris hellmayri, Coal tit P. ater amurensis, Varied tit P. varius varius) in the urban forests in Seoul. The population size of total Paridaes was highest in Robinia pseudoacacia community. When supposed the same area for revision of the difference of each type, the population size was highest in Alnus hirsuta community. The next orders of total observed population was Alnus hirsuta - Pinus desniflora - Quercus acutissima - Castanea crenata. In the urban forest, Paridaes are looks not affected by the naturality of vegetation but other key figure.