• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2013

We report an unusual case of postoperative early gastric cancer with liver metastasis mimicking pancreaticobiliary carcinoma. A 73-year-old man with early gastric cancer was transferred for endoscopic treatment. The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of the early gastric cancer. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma with extension to the deep submucosa and some lymphatic invasion. Therefore, subsequent a subtotal gastrectomy was performed. The histological results demonstrated residual adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa. The resection margin and lymph node metastasis were negative. Thus, he was closely monitored for recurrence every 6 months. After 2 years, he was suddenly suspected of developing liver metastasis and local recurrence. He received a liver biopsy, and the pathological result was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining suggested pancreaticobiliary carcinoma rather than metastatic adenocarcinoma from the stomach or colon, but primary focus was not found. We were sure that the recurrent stomach cancer metastasized to the liver because stomach cancer can show heterogeneous cytokeratin (CK) expression pattern with various histological features. Therefore, no single CK expression pattern has diagnostic value for distinguishing gastric carcinoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy for metastatic stomach cancer.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

The quantitative interfacial adhesion energy measurement method of copper redistribution layer and WPR dielectric interface were investigated using $90^{\circ}$ peel test, 4-point bending test, double cantilever beam (DCB) measurement for FOWLP Applications. Measured interfacial adhesion energy values of all three methods were higher than $5J/m^2$, which is considered as a minimum criterion for reliable Cu/low-k integration with CMP processes without delamination. Measured energy values increase with increasing phase angle, that is, in order of DCB, 4-point bending test, and $90^{\circ}$ peel test due to increasing roughness-related shielding and plastic energy dissipation effects, which match well interfacial fracture mechanics theory. Considering adhesion specimen preparation process, phase angle, measurement accuracy and bonding energy levels, both DCB and 4-point bending test methods are recommended for quantitative adhesion energy measurement of RDL interface depending on the real application situations.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2008

High impact polystyrene (HIPS) nanocomposites with organically modified montmorillonite (organoclay) via in situ polymerization were synthesized, and the effects of organoclay incorporation on material properties were investigated. Organoclays having a reactive group, vinylbenzyltrimethyl clay (VBC) and octadecylvinylbenzyldimethyl clay (ODVC), were prepared by the ion-exchange reactions of sodium montmorillonite with vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (VBTMAC) and octadecylvinylbenzyldimethyl ammonium bromide (ODVBDAB), respectively, and a commercial organoclay, $Cloisite^{(R)}$ 10A(C10A), was used for comparison. It was confirmed that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of the nanocomposites prepared by ODVC disappeared, which indicates the exfoliation of silicate layers. On the contrary, the XRD peak of the nanocomposites prepared by C10A shifted to lower angle, indicative of the intercalation of polymer chains into silicate layers. Rheological properties such as storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with increasing organoclay.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.571-577
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• 2000

A new type of filler for epoxy-clay nanocomposites has been prepared by the reaction of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and layered sodium montmorillonite (MMT) via an ion-exchange reaction. The gallery space was further modified by grafting the aminopropyl groups via a reaction between a octadecyltrimethylammonium-MMT and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). The interlayer modification of MMT was confirmed by XRD, IR, and solid-state $^{29}$ Si CP/MAS NMR. Furthermore, clay-polymer nanocomposites have been synthesized by the polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA) and $C_{18}$ H$_{37}$ N($CH_3$)$_3$-APS-MMT. The resulting hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results proved that the organomontmorillonite could be exfoliated and uniformly dispersed in the epoxy matrix.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.936-940
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• 1997

Pulmonary aspergilloma is potentially a life threatening disease resulting from the colonization of lung cavities by Aspergillus fumigatus. A case is reported: a 43-year-old man with symtomatic cavitary aspergilloma presenting with severe productive coughing, hemopt sis, occasional fever, and chilling. On preoperative plain chest radiograph and CT scan, we could find a rounded irregular opacity in a large pulmonary cavity. He received 2 separate operations for therapeutic need. At the first opertion, we performed cavernostomy and thoracoplasty because of severe pleural adhesions, tearing of cavity wall, and high risk of respiratory insufficiency. At the second operation, we performed myoplasty and omentoplasty for closure of remaining air space and complete wrapping of the BPF site. All symptoms of dyspnea and hemoptysis have since resolved. We believed that in the high risk patients who have severe respiratory symptoms, such as in aspergilloma and open cavity with a risk of respiratory insufficiency, cavernostomy followed by myoplasty or omentoplasty should be recommended.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2003

A series of organophilic montmorillonites (MMTs) modified with various alkyl siloxane amino oligomer groups have been synthesized and their properties were investigated. New organophilic MMTs containing siloxane amino oligomers with alkyl group instead of conventional alkyl amines were synthesized to improve thermal stability as well as gallery spacing. The organophilic MMTs were synthesized from MMT by utilizing the siloxane amino oligomers with various alkyl groups in the water/dioxane solution, which was performed without aq. HCl. Thermal decomposition temperature, gallery spacing, and hydrophobicity of synthesized organophilic MMTs were investigated. X-ray diffraction and TEM experiment results on new organophilic MMTs demonstrated that introduction of siloxane amine oligomers increased d-spacing between silicate layers. The decomposition temperatures of new organophilic MMTs measured by TGA was remarkably improved above 200℃ as compared with those of conventional alkyl substituted organophilic MMTs.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

To investigate the flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with carbon fiber sheets, 1 control beam and 8 strengthened beams(4 NU-beams without U-shaped band and 4 U-beams with U-shaped band) are tested. The variables of experiment are composed of the number of carbon fiber sheets and the existence of U-shaped band, etc. The experimental results showed that the strengthening system with U-shaped band controls the premature debonding and provides a more ductile failure mode than the strengthening system without U-shaped band. It can be found from the load-deflection curves that as the number of fiber sheets is increased, the maximum strength and the flexural rigidity is increased. The experimental results are compared with the analytical results of nonlinear flexural behaviors for strengthened RC beam. The proposed analytical method for strengthened beams is proved to be accurate by an experimental investigation of load-deflection curve, yield load, maximum load, and flexural rigidities in the pre- and post-yielding stages.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

As the Seated Iron Buddha Statues, Vairocana Buddha of Dopiansa Temple in Cheolwon, Nosana Buddha of Samhwasa Temple in Donghae and Sakyamuni of Mangisa Temple in Pyeongtaek were made during Unified Silla to Koryo Dynasty. These are damaged degradation which are crack, break-out, peel off and various pollutant. As a result of deterioration evaluation using radiography, crack, gap, break-out, pore space and restoration material are confirmed inside in the Buddha Statues. Based on iron strength, the Buddha Statues will be maintain current state as long as a high external impact is not applied. Also, iron core and nails used for fixing of internal and external framework were observed in the Buddha Statues. According to prominent line of surface, embossed inscription, hands cast separately and combined, the Buddha Statues were made by using division casting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.462-462
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• 2011

그래핀은 탄소원자로 구성된 원자단위 두께의 매우 얇은 2차원의 나노재료로서 높은 투광도 뿐만 아니라 우수한 기계적, 전기적 특성을 지니며 구조적 화학적 으로도 매우 안정한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 그래핀을 얻는 방법에는 물리·화학적 박리법, 탄화규소의 흑연화, 열화학기 상증착법(thermal chemical vapor deposition; TCVD)등 많은 방법들이 존재한다. 이중 TCVD방법이 대면적으로 두께균일도가 높은 그래핀을 얻는데 가장 적합한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 한편 그래핀은 우수한 특성들을 기반으로 센서나 메모리와 같은 기능성 소자로 응용이 가능할 뿐 아니라 투명고분자 기판으로 전사함으로서 유연성 투명전극을 제작 가능하여 기존의 인듐산화물(indium tin oxide; ITO) 투명전극을 대체하여 디스플레이, 터치스크린, 전·자기 차폐재 등의 다양한 분야로의 응용이 가능하다고 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 TCVD법을 이용하여 대면적으로 두께균일도가 높은 그래핀을 합성하여 투명 고분자 기판(polyethylene terephthalate; PET) 위에 전사하여 투명전도막을 제작한 후, 압축변형률(compressive strain)의 변화에 따른 전기적 특성 변화를 측정하였다. 그래핀은 300 nm 두께의 니켈박막이 증착된 산화물 실리콘 기판위에 원료가스로 메탄(CH4)을 사용하여 합성하였다. 합성 결과 단층 그래핀의 면적은 약 80% 이상이었으며, 합성된 그래핀은 분석의 용이함 및 향후 다양한 응용을 위하여 식각공정을 통해 산화막 실리콘 기판과 PET기판으로 전사하였다. PET기판 위로 전사하여 제작한 그래핀 투명전도막의 strain 인가에 따른 전기적 특성을 관찰한 결과, 약 20%의 비교적 높은 strain하에서도 전기적특성이 크게 변화하지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 그래핀의 특성분석을 위해서는 광학현미경, 라만 분광기, 투과전자현미경, 자외 및 가시선 분광광도계, 4탐침측정기 등을 이용하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-180
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• 2012

Angular limb deformities (ALD) are common in foals. A 30-days-old Thoroughbred foal was presented for the evaluation of severe ALD of the both forelimbs. On radiographic examination, both distal radiuses were diagnosed as valgus angular limb deformities. But the degree of deviation of right forelimb was so severe that we tried to correct one after the other. We tried new surgical correction method combination of one screw implant on medial aspect for growth retardation and periosteal transection on lateral aspect of the right forelimb. 40 days later, successfully corrected and then removed the screw. After the right forelimb correction, the periosteal transection on left forelimb was performed. We did the inhalation anesthesia using isoflurane. There were no complications such as fibrosis over the screw heads, and overcorrection that produces an opposing deformity identified. These results suggest that combination of one screw implant and periosteal transection technique is able to be a safe and effective method to correct severe ALD in the foal.