• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.12A
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• pp.1887-1896
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 브로드캐스트 병렬 반얀망과 바이패스 라인의 조합을 이용한 새로운 브로드캐스트 망을 제안하고 성능을 평가한다. 기존의 브로드캐스트 스위치는 주로 T.T.Lee가 제안한 구조를 기반으로 연구되어 왔다. 제안한 브로드캐스트 망은 Lee의 복사망이 갖는 출력 부하 제한의 단점을 극복하여, 원하는 출력 부하에 따라 확장이 용이하고 구성이 간단하며 셀 손실율이 낮은 장점을 갖는다. 제안한 망의 구성을 위하여, 병렬 방얀망의 확장성을 이용하고, 각각의 반얀망이 갖는 셀의 손실을 최소한으로 줄이며 망 자원의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 병렬망 간에 셀들이 전송될 수 있는 바이패스 라인을 부가한다. 충돌이 발생한 충돌 셀은 바이패스 라인을 통하여 다른 스위치 플랜으로 전송되어 재 전송을 시도할 수 있도록 한다. 또한, 높은 수의 CN(Copy Number)을 갖는 셀이 낮은 수의 CN을 갖는 셀들과 충돌되어 손실되는 것을 막기 위하여, 높은 수의 CN이 우선적으로 전송될 수 있도록 CN 비교기를 부가한다. 제안한 구조는 C로 구현된 시뮬레이터를 통하여 그 성능을 평가한다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2130-2135
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• 2007

Operating characteristics of a loop heat pipe (LHP) having a bypass line was investigated experimentally. The LHP had a sintered metal wick as a capillary structure and methanol as a working fluid. The sintered metal wick was made of stainless steel of which the average pore size was 5 ${\mu}m$and porosity of 47%. A bypass line of a small diameter was attached between the vapor escape passage and the liquid reservoir. The dimension of the flat evaporator was $50(L){\times}40(W){\times}30(H)$ mm and that of the condenser was $50(L){\times}40(W){\times}11(H)$ mm. Wall and pipe material of the LHP was stainless steel and heating area was 35(W) mm${\times}$35(L) mm. The inner diameters of vapor and liquid transport lines were 4.0 mm and 2.0 mm, and the lengths of the two lines were both 0.5 m. The LHP was tested for three different tilt angles of horizontal, favorite tilt, and adverse tilt. The thermal load range was up to 290 W at the condenser above evaporation position. Furthermore, the effect of a bypass line on the start-up transient as well as steady-state operation was presented and discussed.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2003

현재의 OTDR 기술은 150km 이상의 광선로를 감시하기 어렵다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 라만 증폭기를 사용하여 장거리의 기간 전송망을 감시할 수 있는 바이패스 모듈을 구성하였다. 1625nm 파장에서 11dB 이득을 갖는 라만 증폭기가 포함된 바이패스 모듈을 사용하여 300km의 광전송라인을 감시할 수 있는 기술을 확보하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

This work proposes an 8b 220 MS/s 230 mW 3-stage pipeline CMOS ADC with on-chip filers for temperature- and power- insensitive voltage references. The proposed RC low-pass filters improve switching noise performance and reduce reference settling time at heavy R & C loads without conventional off-chip large bypass capacitors. The prototype ABC fabricated in a 0.25 um CMOS occupies the active die area of 2.25 $\textrm{mm}^2$ and shows the measured DNL and INL of maximum 0.43 LSB and 0.82 LSB, respectively. The ADC maintains the SNDR of 43 dB and 41 dB up to the 110 MHz input at 200 MS/s and 220 MS/s, respectively, while the SNDR at the 500 MHz input is degraded as much as only 3 dB than the SNDR at the 110 MHz input.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.821-827
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• 2005

Background: Hemodilution after priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass is known to increase the possibility of bleeding and homologous transfusion in adult cardiac surgery. We investigated the effects of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) to see whether it would decrease postoperative bleeding and homologous transfusion. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients wpho underwent RAP and 46 patients who did not. Retrograde autologous priming consisted of arterial lire drainage, venous reservoir and oxygenator drainage and venous line drainage. We compared the amount of priming solution and RAP volume, perioperative hematocrit, postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements in the two groups. Resuit: Mean withdrawal volume in RAP group was 613.5$\pm$160.6 mL and initial priming volume was 1381.9$\pm$37.2 mL. Hemoatocrits ($\%$) in RAP and control groups were 25.0$\pm$3.7 vs 20.9$\pm$3.6 (5 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.7 vs 22.5$\pm$3.6 (30 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.4 vs 23.8$\pm$2.8 (60 minutes after CPB), 31.9$\pm$3.9 vs 31.5$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 1 hour), 32.4$\pm$4.4 vs 32.1$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 33.4$\pm$5.0 vs 31.7$\pm$5.1 (postoperative 1 day)[repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05]. Chest tube drainages (mL) in the two groups were 357.2$\pm$177.1 vs 411.7$\pm$279.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 599.4$\pm$145.6 vs 678.8$\pm$256.4 (postoperative 24 hours)[t-test, p < 0.05]. Homologous transfusion was performed in 7 out of 34 patients in RAP group (20.6$\%$), and 16 out of 46 (34.8$\%$) in control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the effects of reducing the priming volume during cardiopulmonary bypass may result in lesser bleeding and homologous transfusion. Retrograde autologous priming would be used to reduce postoperative bleeding and chance of transfusion after adult cardiac surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

A dynamic flow system has been developed which can be used for vacuum gauge calibration by comparison method - a calibration method in which the reading of the gauge under calibration is compared to another calibrated vacuum gauge called the "secondary standard" - and other vacuum-related experiments. The chamber of the calibration system is pumped by a turbomolecular pump (TMP), backed by a scroll pump. As maximum acceptable pressure at the inlet of a TMP is 0.1 Pa, above which the TMP decelerates, the pumping speed decreases and it becomes more difficult to adjust pressure under such circumstances. In the present work, high pressures of up to 133 Pa have been generated in the chamber of the newly developed dynamic flow control system by installing a well-designed conductance-reducer in the by-pass line and, at the same time, operating the TMP in safe mode. In addition, the gas flow and pressure distribution within the chamber have been investigated for the entire pressure range (0.1 Pa ~ 133 Pa) while generating pressure dynamically. Maximum deviations in pressure (1.6 %) were observed at point C on the chamber, which is close to the gas inlet port on the top of the chamber.