• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2107-2112
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• 2010

To analyze the effect of temperature on pavement types of dedicated lane, we have performed a temperature monitoring for pavements which were constructed in test track for Bimodal Tram. These pavements classified into four types; natural and artificial lawn, concrete and asphalt. Dedicated lane composed of natural and artificial lawn has a complex structure with concrete slab in contact surface of tires, and with 1m natural or artificial lawn in the middle part of lane. From monitoring results for pavements, dedicated lane with natural lawn shows lower temperature value compared with other dedicated lanes, and it is expected to decrease the heat island effect of conventional road if constructed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1549-1550
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• 2008

KRRI 바이모달 트램은 굴절버스 형태로 모든 차륜이 조향 가능하며 트레일러의 차륜과 트랙터의 후륜이 독립적으로 구동 가능한 시스템이다. 본 논문은 굴절차량용 자동 안내/추진 제어기를 설계하기 위한 차량의 동역학 분석 및 제어기의 성능분석용 Toolbox를 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1968-1977
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• 2008

A bimodal low-floor tram is designed to provide the flexibility of bus and the punctuality of trains together to the passengers. Its propulsion system is a series hybrid type using a set of CNG engine generator and Li-polymer battery. The present paper describes the specifications of the propulsion system in the bimodal tram which was drawn by a desirable driving cycle. In addition, it shows how the propulsion system of the bimodal tram can be controlled. With using a computer simulation tool of hybrid vehicles, ADVISOR, the performance of the bimodal tram was verified.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.194-198
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• 2008

The necessities of development of foundation having minimized occupying area and construction time are required for overpass in the downtown area by which bimodal tram will pass a crossway. We are studying a single column drilled pier foundation which is continuous from pier to pile foundation. Due to the increased resisting moment by reinforced steel which is ranged from the upper part of pile to lower part of column above ground, it can be possible to make a smaller pile-section and lessen the bar reinforcing. And for the excavation work is possible with smaller equipment, this foundation has a improved constructability and economical efficiency. This foundation needs smaller amount of concrete and has a small self-weight. It has an effect on improving resistance against earthquake due to improved ductility in addition to improved rigidity by interaction between concrete and steel.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2200-2206
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• 2008

This paper describes the results of experiments on the bending behavior of welded square tube structures for drive shaft sub frame of BIMODAL Tram. The used specimens to test were two different type made of ATOS60 and ST52-3. The square tube made of ST52-3 is the non-welded structure, while the square tube made of ATOS60 is the welded structure. The welded square tube made of ATOS60 will be applied for drive shaft sub frame of BIMODAL Tram. This welded square tube could reduce the manufacturing cost in comparison of non-welded square tube. The results showed that the bending performance of welded square tube made of ATOS60 was proven, and the bending behavior was in an good agreement with that of nonlinear finite element analysis.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2463-2466
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• 2008

The public transportation in operation or to be planned domestically includes subway, LRT, bimodal tram and bus, which are independently characterized in their passenger capacity and cost. High quality service is generally accompanied by high cost of construction and operation. Thus, ITS, BIS/BMS and BRT system are recently introduced to provide high quality service to the passengers with the cost as low as possible. The bimodal tram is under development to achieve such goals in public transportation. The passenger capacity is approximately expected to be 10,000$\sim$17,000 persons/hour and the construction cost to be 10$\sim$30 million dollars/km. It is possible to construct the infrastructure gradually depending on the demand of transportation in the planned route, which can effectively reduce the initial cost to launch the service. The bimodal tram is developed to provide the advantages of subway and bus to the passengers with respect to the scheduled operation and flexibility of the lines.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.147-150
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• 2008

Changes in land uses at urbanizing areas are causing flooding, increase in NPS pollutants. Thus, Low Impact Development (LID) concept is now being employed in urban planning for sustainable development. Compared with the conventional BMPs, the LID is a new concept in urban planning to minimize the impacts of urbanization for site-specific LID IMPs. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of LID adoption in study watershed in peak rate runoff and runoff volume reduction perspectives. The analysis revealed that the peak rate runoff and runoff volume decreased significantly with the LID adoption. This indicates that the Bimodal tram route with grass installed at the center of the road will contribute reduction in surface runoff and peak rate runoff, and also in NPS pollutant generation from the Bimodal tram route.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.930-939
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• 2009

A bimodal tram is being developed to combine the flexibility of a bus with the punctuality of a train. The propulsion system is a series hybrid type using a set of CNG engine generator and Li-polymer battery. This paper presents the experimental results of the series hybrid propulsion power unit using an active loader which can simulate powering and regenerative braking conditions of the propulsion equipments continuously. The power sharing scheme between PWM converter and a battery pack has been observed. The measurement results of DC link voltage and SOC(State Of Charge) of battery pack are presented.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.278-283
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• 2009

The bimodal tram with a pivoting joint has difficulty in making a sharp turn because of their long body and wheel base. Therefore, applying AWS(all wheel steering) to the bimodal tram is effective to reduce the turning radius. In the present study, HILS(hardware in the loop simulation) system for the AWS ECU test was developed, which consists of the components used in real vehicles. The data obtained from the HILS system also satisfied the dynamics simulation without any error on the operation control.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.452-456
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• 2009

This paper presents a method for precisely localizing and parking of bimodal trams. In order to gam an automatically driving system for bimodal trams, precise up-to-date localization, velocity recognition, distance to next station and precise parking location estimation functions are required. This paper proposes a system consisting of control device, steering device, sensor input equipment, driving system, tachometer, vehicle-side sensors, magnetic markers and magnetic sensors. The tram recognizes the precise location via magnetic markers containing information. Parking position and precise distance calculation is embodied by a tachometer. The vehicle-side sensors are used to assure safe station approaching and parking magnetic markers provide improvement of precision while tram parking. This paper provides a system realizing localization and precise parking and afterwards the automatic drive test results are reported and analyzed.