• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.891-902
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• 2007

This paper aims to develop a Korea wind chill temperature index using an experimental method. For this, the researchers carried out a preliminary experiment in order to of for provisions necessary for the selection and safety of test participants, accuracy of experiment, and readiness for various situations that may occur during experiment. The researchers also investigated test subjects' safety and experiment conditions in which wind speed changes from calm condition into strong wind speed condition under the constant air temperature of $5^{\circ}C$. The results of this study are as follows. With regard to the variation of facial skin temperature such as forehead, cheek, nose, and chin, the skin temperature of cheek closely appears to depend on the change of air temperature and wind speed, exhibit a stable variation trend of skin temperature, and indicate the lowest temperature than any other facial parts. The skin temperature of women tends to be more sensitive than that of man and the skin temperature of human tends to decrease at weak wind speed under constant air temperature. It was also found that it is not necessary to take the influence of standard wind speed into consideration when a wind chill index is developed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2017

As a result of the Four-River Restoration Project in Korea, the habitat of endangered plant species of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and Polygonatum stenophyllum, which had been natively grown in the riparian zone of Namhan River, was destroyed and artificial replacement habitats were created. In this study, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was used to determine whether the replacement habitats are suitable for each species or not. From October 2015 to July 2016, Habitat Evaluate Procedures (HEP) were conducted on two replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae (Gangcheonsum and Sum-River) and on two replacement habitats of P. stenophyllum (Gangcheonsum and Youngjuk) in the Namhan River watershed. As evaluation parameters for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae habitat, habitat matrix (ratio of unburied gravel), height above the ordinary water level, soil nutrients, and light conditions were selected and for P. stenophyllum habitat, soil texture, light conditions, and coverage of companion species were selected. HSI was applied to evaluate the suitability of each replacement habitat. According to the result of the evaluation, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and P. stenophyllum located in Gangcheonsum have relatively high HSI values as 0.839 and 0.846, respectively. On the other hand, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in Sum-River and P. stenophyllum in Youngjuk zone have HSI value of 0, indicating unsuitable habitats for these species. This is the first attempt to apply HSI for plant species in Korea and proved the usefulness of HSI on plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2017

노지 고추 수확작업은 7~9월에 걸쳐 5~6회 수행되며 가장 더운 한 여름의 태양볕에 노출되어 장시간 수확작업을 하며 노지채소 및 고추 수확작업시 자외선 과다 노출되어 악성흑생종, 광선각화증, 편평세포 암 및 각종 피부암발생의 원인되기 때문에 적절한 해가림 장치의 설계가 필요하다. 해를 가려주는 장치에 사용되는 재질로는 우산 및 양산에 널리 사용되어지는 섬유로 폴리에스테르를 선정하였으며 두께로 우산의 재질로 많이 사용되는 75 denier을 채택하였다. 코팅의 종류로는 Foam, Milky, Silver, 폴리우레탄을 채택하여 섬유의 코팅 종류에 따른 차단 효과를 실험하였다. 실험 방법으로서는 KS K 0850 텍스타일의 자외선 차단율 및 차단지수 시험방법에 의거 하여 실험하였다. 자외선 UV-A(365n/m), UV-B(315n/m) 측정장치는 자외선 센서, UV램프, 인디케이터로 구성된 측정기를 이용하였으며 각 재료별 5회 반복 실시하여 평균치를 산출 하였다. UV-A(365n/m) 측정값으로는 FOAM, MILKY코팅이 된 섬유재질이 KS의 우산 및 양산품질표시기준에 부합하여 해가림 장치에 사용이 적절하였으며 UV-B(315n/m) 파장 차단율 측정값으로는 KS의 우산 및 양산품질표시기준에 모두 부합되었다. 또한 해가림 장치는 태양고도에 따라 각도를 조절 가능한 형태로 설계하였으며 직사광선이 가장 강한 시간대인 10시부터 12시를 기준하여 틸팅의 최대 각도는 20도로 개발하였다. 또한 바람에 의한 날림현상을 방지하고 통풍효과를 높이기 위해서 해가림 장치의 섬유를 2중 구조로 설계하여 바람의 순환이 되게하였다.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.575-594
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• 2015

This purposed of this study was to investigate the effect of empathy on social justice commitment from a social-cognitive perspective. Specifically, we examined how cognitive and affective empathy affect social justice commitment through social justice self-efficacy, social justice outcome expectation, and social justice interest which represent a social-cognitive path of behavior. Based on the self-report survey sample of 537 people in their twenties, we first controlled social desirability, and then analyzed the measurement and structure model using Structure Estimate Modeling(SEM). As a result, it turned out that both cognitive and affective empathy indirectly affected social justice commitment through the path of the social-cognitive model. However, affective empathy had a larger effect size compared to cognitive empathy. Results suggest that empathy competence has an effect on not only general altruistic behavior as known before but also social justice behavior which include the value of equality and anti-discrimination. Finally, ways for facilitating social justice commitment in terms of cognitive and affective empathy were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

Offshore wind power structures are subject to coastal hydrodynamic loading such as wind and wave loads. A considerable number of turbines have been installed in Europe, but so far none in Korea. Interest in offshore wind energy is growing in Korea, and it is expected that projects will reach the design stage in the near future. This paper discusses the level of structural reliability implied by the design rules of ABS(2010, 2013) and IEC(2009). Metocean conditions in 4 Korean seas(Gunsan, HeMOSU 1, Mokpo, Jeju) were used in the calibrations to calculate the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads as well as the structural responses of the typical designs of offshore wind turbines. Due to the higher variability of the wind and wave climate in hurricane-prone areas, applying IEC strength design criteria in combination with Korea west sea conditions could result in a design with much lower reliability index than what is anticipated from a design in European waters. To achieve the same level of safety as those in European waters, application of ABS 100 year design standards are recommended. Level-1 reliability-based design suitable for the Korean sea state conditions should be introduced because the IEC standards does not consider the typhoon effects in depth and the ABS standards is a WSD design method. In addition, the design equation should be established based on the statistical characteristics of the wind and wave loads of the Korean sea areas.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.241-253
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• 2000

The degree to which microenvironmental factors are linked to spatial patterns of vegetational factors within ecosystems has important consequences for our understanding of how ecosytems are structured and for conservation of rare species in ecosystems. We studied this relationships between the spatial patterns of microenvironmental factors and vegetational factors in temperate hardwood forest in Mt. Jumbong Biological Reserve Area, Korea. To do this, environmental and vegetational factors from 196 micropoints in a 0.49 ha plot were investigated. Most of all environmental factors and vegetational factors showed the variations among micropoints. Microtopographic factors, litter depth, soil moisture content and relative light intensity at this site were spatially dependent at a scale of 14∼62 m. Coverage of tree and shrub layer and species diversity of herb layer in autumn were spatially dependent at a scale of < 15 m. Species richness and species diversity of herb layer in spring and species richness of herb layer in autumn were spatially dependent at a scale of 28∼48 m. Multiple regression analysis showed that spatial patterns of species richness and species diversity of herb layer in spring and autumn were affected by litter depth, slope, subtree layer, shrub, Sasa borealis etc. The best predictor for the spatial patterns of species richness and species diversity of herb layer at this site was the spatial pattern of litter depth. Species richness and species diversity of herb layer showed strongly negative correlation with litter depth. We estimate that the spatial pattern of litter depth at this site were affected by direction of wind, microtopography and spatial pattern of shrub layer.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat types of prickly lettuce, Lactuca scariola of Europe origin for supplying the basic data of management plan. It showed fairly nation-wide distribution although excessive growth was rather limited in the wild. Its habitat types were divided into four types like open fields, roadsides, seashores and riversides. Species diversity examined by species rank-dominance curve tended to increase over riverside > seashores > open fields > roadsides. As a result of analyzing life form, therophytes were more than 50%, means that the habitats of L. scariola were disturbed by human activities etc. Urbanization Index was analyzed 9.1% in roadsides, 7.4% in seashores, 5.8% in open fields and riversides. It has high spread potential with a large number of wind-flying seed per plant. It was evaluated that prickly lettuce was mainly spread along the newly constructed road, expressway and invaded the original ecosystem in the cultivated land as weeds. But it has played a role as a pioneer species in open fields. It is recommended to remove where it has considerable impact on the native plant species of conservation value.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2019

This study was performed to determine the effect of psyllium husk addition on the physical properties of rice extrudates. Rice-based formulations mixed with psyllium husk (0, 7, 14 and 21%) were extruded at a die temperature of 140℃, screw speed of 200 rpm, and moisture content of 20%. As the content of psyllium husk increased, expansion ratio decreased, while piece density and specific length increased. Apparent elastic modulus, breaking strength, adhesiveness, and hardness augmented with an elevation in psyllium husk content. Lightness declined as psyllium husk content furthered, while redness, yellowness, and color difference intensified. Water soluble index and water absorption index increased with an increased amount of psyllium husk. In conclusion, the addition of psyllium affected the expansion of extruded rice snack possessing hard texture, small cells, and sticky texture due to higher water absorption during hydration.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.894-905
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• 2010

A habitat evaluation method was used to estimate the optimum suitability of the study area for the target algae. Habitat evaluation was carried out using an habitat evaluation procedure (HEP) so that the optimum suitability was quantitatively estimated for carrying out marine afforestation in the study area. According to the results of the suitability analysis, the variation of light and wave conditions according to depth showed the factors with the largest impact to involve the spatial distribution of suitable locations within the area. The total suitable area selected was calculated to be 18ha. The quality of the target algae (Ecklonia cava Kjellman) habitat was analyzed using an habitat suitability index (HSI) model of the HEP, which showed 0.55-0.907 (the maximum value being 1.0). This indicated that artificial reefs for afforestation should be installed to zonation type because the suitable area selected (The HSI value was 0.55~0.907) was distributed within the same depth line.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

The international cancer research institute under the WHO designated fine dust as a first-class carcinogen. Particular matter refers to dust that is small enough to be invisible and floating in the air. Particular matter is mainly emitted from the combustion process of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, and is a risk factor that can cause lung disease, pneumonia, and heart disease. The Ministry of Environment recently analyzed the output data of 10 fine dust measuring stations and, as a result, announced that about 60% had an error that the existing atmospheric measurement concentration was higher. In order to accurately predict fine dust, the wind direction and measurement position must be corrected. In this paper, in order to solve these problems, fuzzy rules are used to solve these problems. In addition, in order to calculate the fine particulate sensation index actually felt by pedestrians on the street, a computer simulation experiment was conducted to calculate the fine particulate sensation index in consideration of weather conditions, temperature conditions, humidity conditions, and wind conditions.