• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.376-376
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• 2023

전 세계적으로 중요한 담수 자원인 지하수의 미세플라스틱 오염에 대한 우려가 커지고 있다. 지하수 환경에서 미세플라스틱의 오염을 예측하고 평가하기 위해 대수층 내 현장 실태조사가 수행 중에 있으며, 실험실 규모의 컬럼 실험을 통해 지하수에서 미세플라스틱 이동 메커니즘을 조사하는 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 이러한 연구들은 많은 개수의 분석 시료를 동반하며, 환경 중 미세플라스틱 정량분석을 위해서 고가의 분석기기(라만분광기, 푸리에 변환 적외선(FTIR) 분광기, 열분해 가스크로마토그래피 질량분석기)를 사용하여 플라스틱의 종류를 판별하고 개수를 측정하고 있다. 또한, 컬럼 실험을 수행한 대부분의 선행 연구에서는 미세플라스틱 정량분석을 위해 탁도 분석, 분광광도계를 이용한 흡광도 분석, 현미경을 이용한 계수 방법 등을 이용하여 고가의 분석기기를 사용하지 않고 연구를 수행하였다. 하지만, 이러한 방법들은 유체 속 다른 물질이 포함되어있을 경우에 민감하고 농도를 비율 혹은 개수로 표현하기 때문에 질량 측면에서 미세플라스틱의 농도를 과소·과대 평가할 수 있다. 특히, 현미경을 이용한 계수 방법의 경우에는 분석에 많은 시간이 소요된다는 단점이 있다. 위에 언급한 다양한 분석법들의 단점들을 보완하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 대수층 내 미세플라스틱 이동 특성을 규명하기 위한 실내 실험에 사용될 수 있는 형광이미지 기반의 미세플라스틱 정량분석법을 개발하였다. Nile Red 형광염료를 이용하여 미세플라스틱을 염색하고 사진을 촬영하여 미세플라스틱 시료의 질량과 미세플라스틱 형광이미지의 형광강도 간 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한, Nile Red로 염색된 미세플라스틱 입자의 수중 노출 테스트를 진행하여, 실내 대수층 모의실험 시 미세플라스틱 질량을 정량화할 수 있는 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 상관 분석 결과, 미세플라스틱 질량과 이미지의 형광강도는 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 수중 노출 실험 전과 후의 미세플라스틱 입자의 형광강도 차이는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 미세플라스틱 정량분석 방법이 포화 다공성 매체로 구성된 컬럼실험 시 유출수의 미세플라스틱 질량 추정에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 생각되며, 대수층 내 미세플라스틱의 이동 특성 규명 연구에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2021

River and stream are the important water supply source in our lives. Eutrophication causes excessive green algae growth including microcystis, which makes harmful to ecosystem and human health. Therefore, the water purification process to remove green algae is essential. In Korea, green algae alarm system exists depending on the concentration of green algae cells in river or stream. To maintain the growth amount under control, green algae monitoring system is being used. However, the unmanned, small and automatic monitoring system would be preferable. In this study, we developed the 3D printed device to measure the concentration of green algae cell using microfluidic droplet generator and deep learning. Deep learning network was trained by using transfer learning through pre-trained deep learning network. This newly developed microfluidic cell counter has sufficient accuracy to be possibly applicable to green algae alarm system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2010

Heat transfer performance of tube bundles have long been investigated since they were widely used. Most of previous experimental and numerical works for tube bundles were performed with tube diameter in the range of 25~51mm and Reynolds number of $8.000{\leq}Re{\leq}30.000$. Recently, tube bundles with small diameter tube collects interests since the mini-channel tube provides higher compactness. The present work aims to investigate the applicability of previous correlations available in the open literature to the tube bundles with small diameter of 1.5mm and $3.000{\leq}Re{\leq}7.000$. A commercial CFD package was used to analyze the thermal-hydraulic performance of them. The results show that the Zukauskas correlation developed for larger diameter tube and higher Reynolds number are still in good agreement with them within the discrepancy of 4.7%. The analyses also show that the Nuselt number increases with a decrease in the longitudinal pitch.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2022

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have recently been in the spotlight for their applicability in point-of-care diagnostics and environmental material detection. This study presents a double-sided printing method for fabricating 3D-μPADs, providing simple and cost effective metal ion detection. The design of the 3D-μPAD was made into an acryl stamp by laser cutting and then coating it with a thin layer of PDMS using the spin-coating method. This fabricated stamp was used to form the 3D structure of the hydrophobic barrier through a double-sided contact printing method. The fabrication of the 3D hydrophobic barrier within a single sheet was optimized by controlling the spin-coating rate, reagent ratio and contacting time. The optimal conditions were found by analyzing the area change of the PDMS hydrophobic barrier and hydrophilic channel using ink with chromatography paper. Using the fabricated 3D-μPAD under optimized conditions, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, and pH were detected at different concentrations and displayed with color intensity in grayscale for quantitative analysis using ImageJ. This study demonstrated that a 3D-μPAD biosensor can be applied to detect metal ions without special analysis equipment. This 3D-μPAD provides a highly portable and rapid on-site monitoring platform for detecting multiple heavy metal ions with extremely high repeatability, which is useful for resource-limited areas and developing countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2014

A pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) core has 380 fuel channels contained and supported by a horizontal cylindrical vessel known as the calandria, whereas a pressurized water reactor (PWR) has only a single reactor vessel. The pressure tube, which is a pressure-retaining component, has a 103.4 mm inside diameter ${\times}$ 4.19 mm wall thickness, and is 6.36 m long, made of a zirconium alloy (Zr-2.5 wt% Nb). This provides support for the fuel while transporting the $D_2O$ heat-transfer fluid. The simple tubular geometry invites highly automated inspection, and good approach for all inspection. Similar to all nuclear heat-transfer pressure boundaries, the PHWR pressure tube requires a rigorous, periodic inspection to assess the reactor integrity in accordance with the Korea Nuclear Safety Committee law. Volumetric-based nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques utilizing ultrasonic and eddy current testing have been adopted for use in the periodic inspection of the fuel channel. The eddy current testing, as a supplemental NDE method to ultrasonic testing, is used to confirm the flaws primarily detected through ultrasonic testing, however, eddy current testing offers a significant advantage in that its ability to detect surface flaws is superior to that of ultrasonic testing. In this paper, effectiveness of flaw detection and the depth sizing capability by eddy current testing for the inside surface of a pressure tube, will be introduced. As a result of this examination, the ET technique is found to be useful only as a detection technique for defects because it can detect fine defects on the surface with high resolution. However, the ET technique is not recommended for use as a depth sizing method because it has a large degree of error for depth sizing.