• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2018

미생물 및 식물 등이 가지고 있는 많은 천연물질은 항균, 항암, 강장작용 등 다양한 생리활성 기능이 있다고 알려져 있으며, 의약품의 원료로도 많이 이용되고 있다. 또한, 미생물을 통한 발효는 거대분자를 낮은 분자량의 물질로 분해하여 인체의 흡수를 용이하게 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 미생물이 자체적으로 합성하는 다양한 대사산물과 발효과정에서 기존 물질에 다양한 잔기를 가감함으로서 새로운 물질이 만들어질 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 구절초의 추출물을 바탕으로 발효를 진행하여 항산화 활성 및 항비만 활성 등을 발효 전 후로 비교하여 분석하고 이를 통하여 구절초 추출물을 활용한 발효제품 개발을 추진하였다. 구절초 잎과 전초의 항산화활성 측정 결과 전반적으로 구절초 전초보다는 잎 추출물에서 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났으며 구절초 잎을 70% 에탄올로 추출한 추출물에서는 비타민C보다 3.93% 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났다. 구절초 발효액의 항산화 활성 측정 결과 발효하지 않은 시료보다 발효한 시료에서 항산화 활성이 더 높게 나타났다. 더욱이, 항비만 활성과 추출물의 혈중콜레스테롤 저감 활성도 발효추출물에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 구절초 발효 추출물이 구절초 추출물에 비하여 기능성 활성이 향상되었음을 나타내고 있으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 건강기능성음료 등 다양한 제품으로의 응용이 가능할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.565-573
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• 2023

In light of the complex interactions between the host animal and its resident gut microbiomes, studies of these microbial communities as a means to improve cattle production are important. This study was conducted to analyze the intestinal microorganisms of Holstein (HT) and Jersey (JS), raised in Korea and to clarify the differences in microbial structures according to cattle species through next-generation sequencing. The alpha-diversity analysis revealed that most species richness and diversity indices were significantly higher in JS than in HT whereas phylogenetic diversity, which is the sum of taxonomic distances, is not significant. Microbial composition analysis showed that the intestinal microbial community structure of the two groups differed. In the both groups, a significant correlation was observed among the distribution of several microbes at the family level. In particular, a highly significant correlation (p<0.0001) among a variety of microbial distributions was found in JS. Beta-diversity analyis was to performed to statistically verify whether a difference exists in the intestinal microbial community structure of the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis showed separation between the HT and JS clusters. Meanwhile, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed that their microbial structures are significantly different (p<0.0001). LEfSe biomarker analysis was performed to discover the differenc microbial features between the two groups. We found that several microbes, such as Firmicutes, Bacilli, Moraxellaceae and Pseudomonadales account for most of the difference in intestinal microbial community structure between the two groups.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 1988

Samples from Naktong Estuary had been taken for the characterization of heterotrophic bacterial communities and of the effects of environmental factors on their distribution in estuarine ecosystem. Bacterial communities isolated from seawater region were composed of more euryhalone groups than those from freshwater region, and the bacterial communities of summer were composed of more eurythermal groups than those of winter. Bacterial commnities became more diverse by the input of allochthonous bacteria from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystem, but less diverse by worse environmental conditions such as nutrient load, high salinity, low temperature, and so on.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2004

T-RFLP analysis and clone sequencing analysis based on bacterial 16S rDNA were conducted to assess bacterial community structure and diversity in two layers (0-1cm, 6-7cm depth) of the sediment from Janghwari intertidal flat in Ganghwa Island. The results of T-RFLP (terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis using restriction enzyme HhaI showed that the T-RFs of various size ($60{\pm}2$) bp-($667{\pm}2$) bp) appeared evenly at the surface sediments but two T-RFs with 60(${\pm}2$)bp and 93 (${\pm}2$)bp predominated at 6-7cm depth. Analysis of partial sequences for 172 clones revealed that 98% of the clones were not matched with the sequences of cultured bacteria strains in the GenBank (${\geq}similarity$ 98%), and approximately 86% of them were classified as different phylotypes. Most clones belonged to $\alpha$-, $\gamma$-, and $\delta$-Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria/Holophaga and green nonsulfur bacteria group. Proteobacteria group occupied the highest proportion in both layers (69% at 0-1cm depth and 46% at 6-7cm depth). $\gamma$-Proteobacteria and $\delta$-Proteobacteria that are associated with oxidation and reduction of sulfur compounds were appeared to be dominant, and comprised 21.5% and 15.7% of total clones, respectively. Overall results indicated that extremely diverse bacterial groups were inhabiting in the sediment of Ganghwa intertidal flat, and bacterial communities associated with the behaviour of sulfur seemed to playa significant role in the biogeochemical environment in this anoxic sediment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2002

To evaluate the correlations of microbial populations with soil healthiness and crop production and establish the criteria for microbial population of soil types. We analyzed the microbial community structure of 13 soils which were different in physical and chemical properties and cultivation methods. According to the analysis of microbial population suing the dilution plate method, the large differences of the microbial population structures among soil types were shown: aerobic bacteria $2-27{\times}10^6$, fluorescent Pseudomonas $1-1,364{\times}10^5$, Gram negative bacteria $1-126{\times}10^4$, and mesophilic Bacillus $1-110{\times}10^5$. The density of Gram negative bacteria was highest on red pepper cultivating soils (sample no. 4 and 6) of Umsung and Gesan, Chungbuk, and the density of the fluorescent Pseudomonas was highest on greenhouse soil (sample no. 7) of Jinju, Kyungnam. The crop productivity of three soils was high as compared with those of other soils. It was supposed that the density of fluorescent Pseudomonas and mesophilic Bacillus were correlated with the incresed crop production. By MIDI analysis, 579 strains isolated from 13 soils composed of a variety of microbes including 102 isolates of Agrobacterium, 112 isolates of Bacillus, 32 isolates of Pseudomonas, 44 isolates of Kocuria, and 34 isolates of Pseudomonas. Among the 624 isolates of Gram negative bacteria, Pseudomonas including P. putida and p. fluorescens occupied the highest density (51%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia also appeared at high density. From RAPD analysis, the fluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from 13 soil types showed a high level of strain diversities and were grouped into 2 - 14 patterns according to soil types. Many of unknown bacteria were recovered from the paddy soil, and needed to be further characterized on the molecular basis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.475-484
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• 2020

Various indigenous yeasts were isolated and obtained from flowers in the Republic of Korea, and their distribution and species diversity were studied. Seventy-seven flowers were collected from 25 areas in Korea, and 502 yeast strains were isolated from these flowers. A total of 50 species were identified by comparing large subunit rDNA gene sequence homology with the type strains of yeasts. The analysis of yeast distribution showed that the dominant yeast species were Aureobasidium pullulans, A. leucospermi, and Filobasidium magnum in each region and flower samples. Except for the above three yeast species, no species of yeasts showed any meaningful distribution among the habitat regions and sources. In conclusion, 50 species of indigenous yeasts were obtained from flowers that can be used as industrial resources, and the data could be used for further research on yeast diversity and interactions between yeast and its host.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2001

방선균은 필라멘트 형태를 띤 대표적인 그램 양성 세균으로서, 다양한 자연환경에 존재하는 대표적인 토양 미생물이다. 방성균이 항생제를 포함한 다양한 구조의 많은 유용 생리활성물질을 생성하며, 이들의 생합성 시기가 세포의 배양상태 및 생장속도와관련이 있다는것은 이미 주지의 사살이다. 비록 방선균은 액체 배양 시에는 정체기((stationary phase)나 낮은 생장속도하에서만 항생제를 생성하며, 고체 배양 시에는 aerial mycelia 로 형태적분화(morphological differentiation)를 시작함과 동시에 생합성을 시작한다고 알려져 있으나, 각 방선균 및 항생제의 종류에 따른 특징적인 조절 기작은 매우 다양한 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 특징적인 조절 기작은 매우 다양한것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 총성레서는 항생제 생합성이 조절되는 기작을 지금까지 밝혀진 방선균의 여러 생리적 인자 및 생합성 조절 유전자를 중심으로 정리해 보고자 한다. 항생제 생합성에 관하여 다양한 생리적 인자와 조절 유전자의 특정 및 이들의 상호관계에 대한 종합적인 이해는, 방선균 유래 항생제 조절 기작의 체계적인 규명뿐만 아니라, 방선균을 이용한 유용 생리활성물질의 생산성 향상에도 응용될수 있다는 점에서 매우 중요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.545-550
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• 2004

The study of available genotypes (biodiversity analysis) in bacterial communities is of growing importance in several fields such as ecology, environmental technology, clinical diagnostics, etc. These culture-independent genotyping techniques, especially amplifying 16S rRNA genes, attempt to overcome some shortcomings of conventional cultivation method. Biodiversity analysis based on molecular technique were laborious for base-calling chromatogram, trimming primer sites, correcting strand directions, electing representative operation taxonomic units (OTU), etc. Also, biologists wanted intuitively to confirm results of the above processes. For making up these demands, we developed the web application based on Folder-Process-Filter (FPF) modeling with correspondence to classical Model-View-Controller model. The model of web application leads to keep virtues of simplicity and directness for development and management of the stepwise web interfaces. The web application was developed in Perl and CGI on Linux workstation. It can be freely accessed from http://home.pusan.ac.kr/～genome/tools/rat.htm.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2012

Microbial diversity analyses were performed in several geothermal areas in Indonesia using a culture-independent approach with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All areas and the majority of samples were noted as being affiliated with Proteobacteria. In addition, unclassified bacteria with no phylum affiliation were detected at an incidence rate of 20.0-26.5% in every location. The majority groupings in the geothermal hot stream in Cisolok belonged to ${\beta}$-Proteobacteria (27.1%) and Cyanobacteria (11.0%), whereas the majority from the volcanic area in Kamojang was ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria (51.5%) followed by Aquificales (12.9%). The predominant groups around an underwater thermal vent in the sea at Likupang were ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria (33.3%) and then Bacteroidetes (27.6%). This detailed microbial community analyses of each area strongly support a possible association with plausible community groups and environmental habitats, such as extremely geothermal or marine habitats. This study has significantly contributed to the expansion of scientific knowledge of the microbial community in Indonesia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2021

To analyze gut microbiota of livestock in Korea and compare taxonomic differences, we conducted 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis through next-generation sequencing. Fecal samples from broiler chickens, pigs, and cattle were collected from domestic feedlots randomly. α-diversity results showed that significant differences in estimated species richness estimates (Chao1 and ACE, Abundance-based coverage estimators) and species richness index (OUTs, Operational taxonomic units) were identified among the three groups. However, NPShannon, Shannon, and Simpson indices revealed that abundance and evenness of the species were statistically significant only for poultry (broiler chickens) and mammals (pigs and cattle). Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum in the three groups of fecal samples. Linear discriminant (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis was conducted to reveal the ranking order of abundant taxa in each of the fecal samples. A size-effect over 2.0 on the logarithmic LDA score was used as a discriminative functional biomarker. As shown by the fecal analysis at the genus level, broiler chickens were characterized by the presence of Weissella and Lactobacillus, as well as pigs were characterized by the presence of provetella and cattele were characterized by the presence of Acinetobacter. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed that differences of microbial clusters among three groups were significant at the confidence level. (p=0.001). This study provides basic data that could be useful in future research on microorganisms associated with performance growth, as well as in studies on the livestock gut microbiome to increase productivity in the domestic livestock industry.