• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Since accommodation, public space and service areas where people stay for all day occupy about 70% of a huge cruise ship, they have to be protected from the fire. International Maritime Organization has resolved that a water mist system should be equipped in this cruise ship according to SOLAS II-2 Reg. 10.6 and FSS code Ch. 7. The water mist system consists of mist nozzles, pressure vessels, section valves and pump unit etc. In particular, the water mist nozzles should be recognized by fire tests in accordance with IMO Res. MSC 265(84). In this study, the fire tests for cabin, corridor, public space and storage area have been conducted to develop the water mist nozzles appropriate to the regulation. Totally 5 types of nozzles were developed and have satisfied the whole performance requirements.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.946-952
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• 2013

Large scale fire tests were conducted to develop water mist nozzles as a component of fixed water- based fire fighting systems for Ro-Ro spaces and special category spaces. Fire scenarios for this system consist of two cases which are for cargo fire in a simulated truck and for passenger vehicle fire, and each case has 3 different tests according to the position between fixed water mist nozzles and fire source. Every experiment proceeded for 30 minutes and acceptance criteria were based on gas temperature, fuel package's damage and ignition of targets. This study primarily dealt with the experimental results of cargo fire and focused on fire suppression capability in accordance with discharge pressure, flow rate and flow characteristics like swirl and penetration of the developed water mist nozzles. It appeared that low pressure water mist nozzles with about 40 L/min were able to control fire occurred in Ro-Ro spaces.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.28-36
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• 2019

In the present study, the effects of supply gas and water mist on the heptane pool fire extinguishing performance were investigated using the full cone and hollow cone twin-fluid atomizers. Air or nitrogen of 30 lpm (Liter per minute; L/min) was used as the supply gas, and the experiments were conducted under the water flow rate conditions of 0 lpm (i.e., discharge of air or nitrogen only) and 0.085 lpm (i.e., discharge of water mist with supply gas). Experimental results confirmed that the use of water mist discharge with the supply gas and full cone spray pattern reduced the fire extinguishing time as compared to that of only supply gas discharge and hollow cone spray pattern. In addition, for the discharge of water mist using the full cone twin-fluid atomizer, water mist significantly affected fire extinguishing performance, whereas the effect of the supply gas was less pronounced. On the other hand, for the discharge of water mist using the hollow cone twin-fluid atomizer, the fire extinguishing time was remarkably reduced by the supply of nitrogen, as compared with that of air, indicating that the supply gas as well as water mist can significantly affect fire extinguishing performance.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Fire suppression tests are carried out for a train car using water mist systems. Three kinds of fire scenario applied to the real-scale train car are a surface fire representing car combustibles, a oil pool fire pretending an oil spill and a blocked fire for evaluation of space-cooling capacity. Five fixedpressure water mist systems and one self-contained water mist system with nitrogen gas are used for fire suppression experiments. Almost water mist systems can extinguish effectively train car fires, and fire-control capability of the system is seen due to the space cooling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.214-218
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• 2011

대형 여객선(크루즈선)의 절반 이상을 차지하는 거주시설(accommodation), 즉 선실은 24시간 사람이 상주하는 구역임으로 화재로부터 안전하게 보호되어야 한다. 특히 선실의 발코니에서 화재발생 시 이를 통해 인근의 객실로 화재가 급격히 확대되므로 국제해사기구 (IMO)에서는 기준에 적합한 미분무수 소화설비를 설치할 것을 강제화하고 있다. 이러한 미분무 노즐은 IMO MSC/Circ. 1268에 따라 소화성능시험을 통해 형식승인을 득해야 하는데 본 연구에서 이러한 기준에 만족하는 미분무 노즐을 개발하고자 선실 발코니에 대한 화재시험을 수행하여 두 가지 노즐 형태에 대한 소화성능을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 기존의 고압으로 작동되는 고압 미분무 건과는 달리 Twin-Fluid의 Turbulence 및 Break-up 현상 등을 이용하여 저압상태에서 작동하며 경량화 및 소형화에 성공하여 기존 소방관의 진입이 어려운 장소 또는 수원으로부터 멀리 떨어진 곳에서 원활한 소화활동을 위해 개발한 저압용 미분무 건의 성능을 화재소화능력 시험을 통해 입증하였다. 화재 소화능력 시험을 수행한 결과 물과 질소가 Mixing Chmaber 내부에서 혼합되면서 두 유체간의 상호작용 및 운동 에너지으로 인해 물의 액적이 미세하게 Atomizing되어 목재화재는 물론 유류화재의 진압에 있어서도 우수한 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.401-410
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• 2012

The study verified the extinguishing performance of the low pressure water-mist system, which is used to extinguish fire at domestic wooden architecture, through a fire test. Made of inflammable materials, a wooden house is vulnerable to fire, and the size of fire may vary from the early stage in case of arson. With the discharging pressure of 8 bar and the flow rate of 35 lpm, the low pressure water-mist nozzle used in the experiment has considerable discharging amount compared to other water-mist nozzles. The extinguishing performance was tested based on the size of fire and architecture. Test results demonstrated that the extinguishing performance was not affected by the size of a house, but decreased significantly when the size of fire was above unit 1. Taking into account that the environment of actual wooden cultural properties is more vulnerable than that of the experiment model, sufficient investigation on extinguishing performance is required to apply the water-mist extinguishing system to wooden architecture.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2008

Full-scale fire extinguishment tests were conducted to develop loaded stream fire extinguishing systems for protecting underground transmission cables. The dimension of test mock-up was 5.5m height${\times}3m$ width ${\times}6m$ length, and six 154kV OF cables were piled up. Gasoline was used to ignite cates. Linear heat detection cables were installed on top of 154 kV OF cable and discharge nozzles were installed on the top and sidewalls, respectively. As a result, both surface fires and deap-seated fires were extinguished successfully within the specified 3 minutes by discharging loaded stream agent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.385-388
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• 2012

여객선의 선실(cabin)에 적용하기 위한 미분무 소화설비(water mist system)가 개발되었다. 미분무헤드는 8개의 오리피스로 구성된 조기반응 응답특성을 가진 폐쇄형으로, 사용압력과 유량계수(Flow constant)는 각각 1.4MPa과 13.1이다. IMO(국제 해사기구)의 거주구역 소화시스템 성능기준인 Resolution MSC.265(2008)는 선실 적용을 위해 4개의 화재시나리오에 대한 성능판정 기준을 제시하고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 4개의 화재시나리오를 적용한 실물화재실험을 수행하였으며, 이 기준에서 제시한 성능 판정기준을 만족하는 결과를 얻었다. 2011년 국가화재안전 기준 NFSC 104A 기준 정립으로 국내에 도입되기 시작한 미분무소화설비가 적용분야를 넓혀 가는데 도움이 되길 기대해 본다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 2008

Water mist fire suppression system utilizes the fire suppression features such as cooling of fire source, dilution of ambient oxygen, and shielding of radiation heat with the evaporation of microscopic water droplets. The momentum of water mist is relatively lower than that of larger water droplet and the infiltration of water mist to the fire source is not effective. Contribution of evaporated water vapor is liable to decline to limited portion of fire source due to its light weight and sparse density. On the other hand, the cycling water mist pattern is expected to improve the penetration force of water mist as well as the air expelling capability with the stratified spray characteristics. At this paper, we present the analyzed fire suppression capability of intermittent water spray pattern by use of FDS which is computational fire dynamics fire model. We expect this analysis can support the basic concept to the development of the prototype of water mist nozzle.