• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Marking the first anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear accident, which took place on March 11th, 2011, the level of adolescent awareness and understanding of radiation was surveyed, and the results were then compared with those for adults with the same questionnaires conducted at similar times. A qualitative survey and frequency analysis were made for the design of the study methodology. Those surveyed were limited to 3rd grade middle school students, 15 years of age, who are the future generation. The questionnaire, which is a survey tool, was directly distributed to the students and 2,217 answers were analysed. The questionnaires were composed of 40 questions, and it was found that Cronbach's coefficient was high with 'self awareness of radiation' at 0.494, 'risk of radiation' at 0.843, 'benefit of radiation' at 0.748, 'radiological safety control' at 0.692, 'information sources of radiation' at 0.819, and 'impacts of Fukushima accident'. The results of the survey analysis showed that the students' knowledge of radiation was not very high with 67.4 points (69.5 points for adults) calculated on a maximum scale of 100 points (converted points). The impacts of the Fukushima nuclear accident were found to be less significant to adolescents than adults, and the rate of answer of "so" or " very so" in the following questions demonstrates this well. It was also shown that the impacts of the Fukushima accident to adolescents were comparatively low with 27.0% (38.9% for adults) on the question of "attitude changed against nuclear power due to the Fukushima accident," 65.7%(86.6% for adults) on the question of "the damages from the Fukushima accident was immeasurably huge," and 65.0% (86.3% for adults) on "the Fukushima accident contributed to raising awareness on the safety of nuclear power plants". The adolescents had a high rate of "average" answers on most of the questions compared with adults, and it can be construed that this resulted from adolescent awareness of radiation not being firmly rooted on themselves. This study was the first of its kind for surveying adolescents regarding the level of awareness of radiation after the Fukushima accident, and the results were compared with the survey results of adults, and they are expected to greatly contribute toward establishing a radiation policy by the government in the future.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to Analyze the problems that container shipping companies exist through the commercialization of container shipping for Non-Arctic countries and the opportunity factors for the transport of the Arctic shipping to improve cooperation cross-border relation Arctic policy and the use of transport. In order to design a hierarchy analysis method study model, four high and 17 low factors were extracted by designing a hierarchy analysis method study model based on results by prior study and in-depth interview. The first of the higher factors is the internal strength of assessing the value of the Arctic, the will and capabilities of the shipping companies in creating new markets with the vision and goals of the shipping companies. Second, the internal constraints associated with the shipping companies advance to the NSR mean the negative factors for the entry into the NSR and the internal weaknesses that cause the shipping companies capacity limitations. Third, the economic benefits from the use of NSR are external factor for shipping companies in cooperation with the future economic value of the Arctic and with respect to Arctic sea and Arctic advance and development from Arctic coastal countries. Finally, external pre-emptive tasks means to respond to use NSR by external restrictions on transport to prepare the possibility of severe weather conditions, the customs policy change of coastal countries.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.28
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• pp.1-25
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• 2012

The rapid digitalization across all aspects of society since 1990 led to the digitalization of cartoons. As the medium of cartoons moved from paper to the web, a powerful visual culture emerged. An encounter between cartoons and multimedia technologies has helped cartoons evolve into a video culture. Today cartoons are no longer literate culture. It is critical to pay attention to cartoons as an "expanded fest" and as visual and video culture with much broader significance. In this paper, the investigator set out to diagnose the current position of cartoons changing in the rapidly changing digital age and talk about future directions that they should pursue. Thus she discussed cases of changes from 1990 when colleges began to provide specialized education for cartoons and animation to the present day when cartoon and Multimedia Comics fests exist in addition to the digitalization of cartoons. The encounter between new technologies and cartoons broke down the conventional forms of cartoons. The massive appearance of artists that made active use of new technologies in their works, in particular, has facilitated changes to the content and forms of cartoons and the expansion of character uses. The development of high technologies extends influence to the roles of appreciators beyond the artists' works. Today readers voice their opinions about works actively, build a fan base, promote the works and artists they favor, and help them rise to stardom. As artist groups of various genres were formed, the possibilities of new stories and texts and the appearance of diverse styles and world views have expanded the essence of cartoon texts and the overall cartoon system of cartoon culture, industry, education, institution, and technology. It is expected that cartoons and Multimedia Comics will continue to make a contribution as a messenger to reflect the next generation of culture, mediate it, and communicate with it. Today there is no longer a distinction between print and video cartoons. Cartoons will expand in every field through a wide range of forms and styles, given the current situations involving installation concept cartoons, blockbuster digital videos, fancy items, and characters at theme parks based on a narrative. It is therefore necessary to diversify cartoon and Multimedia Comics education in diverse ways. Today educators are faced with a task to bring up future generations of talents who are capable of leading the culture of overall senses based on literate and video culture by incorporating humanities, social studies, and new technology education into their creative artistic abilities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.447-459
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• 2009

This study is intended to provide basic date for the efficient management of Pinus densiflora community by analyzing ecological characteristics of Pinus densiflora inhabiting Byeonsanbando National Park. According to investigations, P. densiflora community and P. densiflora-Quercus community are widely distributed, occupying 40.3% of the total area. 21 sites ($400m^2$per site) are selected for TWINSPAN analysis, and the result indicates that the whole community of P. densiflora and P. densiflora-Quercus can be classified into 8 types, and the age of P. densiflora is 40-50 years, which is similar to that of deciduous broad-leaved trees. The 8 community types are: P. densiflora community which competes with Quercus variabilis; P. densiflora community in which Fraxinus sieboldiana and Quercus serrata grow in the understory layer; P. densifloa community in which Q. serrata grow in the understory layer and Smilax china var. microphylla in the shrub layer respectively; P. densifloa community in which P. densiflora and F. sieboldiana grow in the understory layer; P. densiflora community which competes with Q. serrata and Carpinus tschonoskii; P. densiflora community which competes with Q. variabilis and Q. serrata; P. densiflora community in which Prunus sargentii grow; P. densiflora community in which Abies holophylla grow. P. densiflora community which competes with Q. variablis and C. tschonoskii seems to be in a stage of succession to deciduous broad-leaved community. The analysis indicates that Shannon diversity index is 0.2756-1.3879. It also indicates that there is a negative correlation between P. densiflora and Q. variabilis and C. tschonoskii; there is a positive correlation between P. densiflora and F. sieboldiana and Rhododendron schlippenbachii. These investigations show that the transformation of vegetation is already under way. There is a possibility that ecological succession can take place in 30.4% of the total area from P. densiflora to Quercus and deciduous broad - leaved trees. Therefore, it is recommended that the preservation and maintenance of P. densiflora be implemented by taking control of competing species which undermine the stability of P. densiflora forest community.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.3 s.108
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• pp.296-309
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the change of future land-surface and relationships of land-surface change with geo-spatial information, using a Bayesian prediction model based on a likelihood ratio function, for analysing the land-surface change of the Gongju area. We classified the land-surface satellite images, and then extracted the changing area using a way of post classification comparison. land-surface information related to the land-surface change is constructed in a GIS environment, and the map of land-surface change prediction is made using the likelihood ratio function. As the results of this study, the thematic maps which definitely influence land-surface change of rural or urban areas are elevation, water system, population density, roads, population moving, the number of establishments, land price, etc. Also, thematic maps which definitely influence the land-surface change of forests areas are elevation, slope, population density, population moving, land price, etc. As a result of land-surface change analysis, center proliferation of old and new downtown is composed near Gum-river, and the downtown area will spread around the local roads and interchange areas in the urban area. In case of agricultural areas, a small tributary of Gum-river or an area of local roads which are attached with adjacent areas showed the high probability of change. Most of the forest areas are located in southeast and from this result we can guess why the wide chestnut-tree cultivation complex is located in these areas and the capability of forest damage is very high. As a result of validation using a prediction rate curve, a capability of prediction of urban area is $80\%$, agriculture area is $55\%$, forest area is $40\%$ in higher $10\%$ of possibility which the land-surface change would occur. This integration model is unsatisfactory to Predict the forest area in the study area and thus as a future work, it is necessary to apply new thematic maps or prediction models In conclusion, we can expect that this way can be one of the most essential land-surface change studies in a few years.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.85-116
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• 2016

The present study aims to explore the causes of employment difficulty on the basis of job applicant's interest from P-E (person-environment) fit perspective. Our approach relied on a textual analytic method to reveal insights from their situational interests in a job search during the change of labor market. Thus, to investigate the type of major interests and psychological responses, user-generated texts in a social community were collected for analysis between January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2015 by crawling the online-community in regard to job seeking and sharing information and opinions. The results of topic analysis indicated user's primary interests were divided into four types: perception of vocation expectation, employment pre-preparation behaviors, perception of labor market, and job-seeking stress. Specially, job applicants put mainly concerns of monetary reward and a form of employment, rather than their work values or career exploration, thus youth job applicants expressed their psychological responses using contextualized language (e.g., slang, vulgarisms) for projecting their unstable state under uncertainty in response to environmental changes. Additionally, they have perceived activities in the restricted preparation (e.g., certification, English exam) as determinant factors for success in employment and suffered form job-seeking stress. On the basis of these findings, current unemployment matters are totally attributed to the absence of pursing the value of vocation and job in individuals, organizations, and society. Concretely, job seekers are preoccupied with occupational prestige in social aspect and have undecided vocational value. On the other hand, most companies have no perception of the importance of human resources and have overlooked the needs for proper work environment development in respect of stimulating individual motivation. The attempt in this study to reinterpret the effect of environment as for classifying job applicant's interests in reference to linguistic and psychological theories not only helps conduct a more comprehensive meaning for understanding social matters, but guides new directions for future research on job applicant's psychological factors (e.g., attitudes, motivation) using topic analysis.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.181-198
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• 1997

Going beyond the previous formulations of development theories, the present paper explores the effects other than political economy on quality of life in a rapidly developing country. The major analysis takes up the historical trend and nature of the developmental transformation that is partially a consequences of state structures and partially autonomous form it in South Korea. Also, it diagnoses developmental pathways for the future track by constructing a baseline model for state transition on the basis of power game between the state and civil society in the country. The results of the historical analysis show that civil society has been transformed in the course of confrontations and interactions between the state and nationalist social movement. The distinction between developmental(or bureaucratic authoritarian) and democratic state is presented to show that these are two qualitatively different aspects of state of state power, requiring separate analytical treatment. Furthermore, the state-centric approach which emphasizes the active role of the state at the sacrifice of societal fabric-constraining social conditions for quality of life - appears to be modified. On the contrary, the impact of civil society is transmitted both directly and indirectly via labor and ecological movement for quality of life, which is critical to the formation of the welfare state in the country. The prospect for sustainable development in Korea lies in providng and expanding quality of life in terms of the financial feasibility of the state through the public-private cooperation, and abstaining from drastic and radical commitment to welfare services as is the case with the European declines in welfare state, Further studies are needed to examine the interrelationships in different historical and cultural settings of developing counties to estimate a theory of quality of life and social justice.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.199-212
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• 2014

The physiological responses of three common temperate species, Pinus densiflora, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Sorbus alnifolia to elevated $CO_2$ was investigated using open top chambers with different $CO_2$ concentrations. Morphological (stomatal size, density and area) and physiological characteristics (maximum rates of photosynthesis, carboxylation and electron transport) were compared among trees grown under ambient, ambient ${\times}1.4$ (~550 ppm) and ambient ${\times}1.8$ (~700 ppm) $CO_2$ concentrations for last four years. Morphological responses were different among species. F. rhynchophyllar increased their stomatal size and S. alnifolia had higher stomatal density under elevated $CO_2$ than ambient. Stomatal area decreased in P. densiflora, whereas it increased in S. alnifolia. However, the maximum photosynthesis rate increased in all species up to 43.5% by S. alnifolia under elevated $CO_2$ and the enhancement increased with time. Even with four years of exposure to elevated $CO_2$, there was no sign of acclimation in the maximum carboxylation rate and the maximum electron transport rates in all species. Especially, S. alnifolia even showed the temporary increase of photosynthetic capacities in spring, when leaf nitrogen concentration was high with new leaf development. There was no significant differences in diameter growth rate in any species due to high variation in their tree sizes, however accumulated diameter and biomass for four years showed significantly increment in all species under elevated $CO_2$. For example, S. alnifolia showed 59% increase in diameter at the ambient ${\times}1.8$ (~700 ppm) compared to ambient.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 2018

In this study, we conducted an analysis on the actual field materials and the ancient text of January 2017. First, Yuyin ShanFang is one of the famous garden in the Lingnan Region, and its total area is $1598m^2$. Wobin called the name 'Yuyin(餘蔭)' meaning the virtues of his ancestors. Second, if we analyze the poem written by Wobin, we can classify it as a phrase expressing the world beyond the future, a poem expressing the ideas of family and romantic ideas. Third, the space spread to the south around the shrine building in the middle of the site was largely a residential space, according to the analysis of the site's layout and spatial composition. Fourth, the spatial component of the hydronic acid is analyzed. The pavilion area is the Hanchwi-Pavilion, which is designated in the Wongrim, and Gyesang-Pavilion, which is a unique range that describes the peak of the garden. Fifth, Yuyin ShanFang has five ponds that are very diverse in shape. It is characteristic of us to stand on a technical boundary. Sixth, Seokgasan was referred to as Gyeongbansan, which was named after The builder Wobin and his descendants who passed it. Seventh, Hwachang is characterized by a wooden bull window and a compound glass. Eighth, the alumni style is not as diverse as the alumni style of the Suzhou traditional garden, but it features various forms and colorful pictures on the front of the alumni. Ninth, the one-piece sculptures of the interior of a building are expressed themes such as Gilsang, Sukjeong, Daoism, Palseom, and others. Finally, Trees planted in Yuyin ShanFang are mostly tropical plants, and some of them have symbolic meaning. Because the weather here is good for growing fruit, so planted a lot of fruit trees.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.611-623
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• 2014

The alluvial aquifer, widely developed near the four major rivers such as Nakdong River, can be used effectively for groundwater artificial recharge and is expected to be the future water resources in Korea. This study is aimed at examining the impact of repeatedly injected river water into the riverside alluvial aquifer on injection rate or efficiency in its system at Changweon area. For this, injection tests were performed two times, first on June 19 and second on September 25 through October 9, 2013, and the mixing ratios of river water to groundwater were used as the tool to compare the efficiency of injection. The mixing ratios were evaluated by using electrical conductivities of injected river water (average $EC=303{\mu}S/cm$) and groundwater ($EC{\fallingdotseq}6,000{\mu}S/cm$) measured at 20 m depth of four observation wells installed 10 m apart from each injection well. The result shows the remarkable differences on two respects. First, in some observation well, detection time for incipient injection effect during $2^{nd}$ injection test was shown to be much slower than that of $1^{st}$ injection test. Second, the hourly increasing rate of mixing ratios in $2^{nd}$ test was revealed to be reduced much more than that of $1^{st}$ test. This means that the efficiency of injection was badly deteriorated by only 1,210 minute injection work. Therefore, injection water needs to be adequately treated beforehand and repeated pumping work and/or resting phase is needed afterwards. To a certain extent, the improvement of water quality in saline aquifer was verified in this system by injection tests.