• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.460-467
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of Hizikia fusiforme, Capsosiphon fulvescens, and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll on the antioxidant and inhibitory potentials against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes of a commercial vegetable extract. The nutritional quality and mineral concentration of a vegetable extract with seaweeds added were also analyzed. The addition levels of seaweed did not influence the proximate composition, whereas the calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and iron concentrations significantly increased at the 5% Hizikia fusiforme and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition levels. The 20% Hizikia fusiforme addition level significantly increased the total phenolic content and reducing power by 47.08% and 16.82%. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the vegetable extract was not strengthened with the addition of seaweeds. The DPPH radical scavenging activity at the 20% Hizikia fusiforme, Capsosiphon fulvescens, and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition levels significantly increased by 27.47%, 22.25%, and 17.27%, respectively. The vegetable extract with seaweeds added showed higher-level ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activities, accompanied by relatively weaker ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity. In particular, at the 5% Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition level, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was significantly inhibited by 98.26%. Overall, the results showed that the incorporation of seaweeds into a vegetable extract effectively increased the mineral concentration and improved the antioxidant and inhibitory abilities of the extract on key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1470-1478
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate biological activity and biochemical properties of extracts from Bacillus subtilis-fermented silkworm (Bombyx mori L., SP) powder of different origin (Buan, Namwon, and Boeun). An additional aim was to determine the inhibition of cancer cell (B16-F10, HT-29, LNcaP, and MCF-7) proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Biological activities (${\alpha},{\alpha}^{\prime}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], free radical scavenging activity, fibrinolytic activity, antiproliferation activity, and anti-inflammatory activity) and biochemical properties (compositional amino acid contents, and mineral contents) were examined in water extracts from silkworm powder and B. subtilis-fermented silkworm powder. The highest amino acid contents were detected in Buan silkworm powder (BU). After fermented, the highest contents were found in B. subtilis-fermented Buan silkworm powder (BBO). The major minerals detected were K, Ca, and Mg. Rates of these minerals, especially those of Na increased after fermented. DPPH radical scavenging activity and fibrinolytic activity were stronger in the fermented group than non-fermented group. DPPH radical scavenging activity and fibrinolytic activity were highest in the extract from BBO. The inhibition activities of LNcaP and MCF-7 cells viability were significantly decreased in the BBO, and there was no inhibition activity in other cancer cells (B16-F10 and HT-29). An SRB assay of the cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to extracts of silkworm powder and B. subtilis-fermented silkworm powder revealed no toxicity in any of the groups. Compared with the LPS-treated group, the biggest reduction in NO production was detected in the BBO group. Based on these results, extracts from Boeun silkworm powder fermented with B. subtilis could be a candidate material as a dietary supplement for use in healthy functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.316-324
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to examine effect of ion chip and yellow soil on the growth and physicochemical characteristics of soybean sprouts. The weight and length increased rapidly in soybean sprouts cultivated for 4 days and then the increases slowed. Ascorbic acid increased rapidly after day 6 in soybean sprouts cultivated with ionized water (I.W), $1.0\%$ yellow soil in tap water (T.W+l.0) and $1.0\%$ yellow soil in ionized water (I.W+l.0). The detected content of minerals such as Mg, Ca, K and Fe in soybean sprouts was higher than other minerals. Iron content was the highest in soybean sprouts cultivated by I.W+1.0. The detected levels of glutamic acid in soybean sprouts cultivated for 4 days with ionized water was higher than in those grown with tap water. In all soybean sprouts, nucleotides such as UMP, CMP, AMP, Hx and soluble free sugars like sucrose, raffinose, stachylose were detected, and the levels of UMP were found to be the highest among nucleotides and sucrose among free sugars.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2022

In this study, the conditions for efficiently extracting polyphenols contained in black tea were optimized. In order to confirm the polyphenol content according to the degree of fermentation, the polyphenol content in black tea of the three fermentation degrees was compared. As the degree of fermentation increased, the polyphenol content increased, and it was confirmed that the theabrownin content, the largest in size, increased significantly. In addition, it was confirmed that the amount of theabrownin extraction increased by about 150% or more compared to other extraction water when extracting using mineral water, which was hard water. The antioxidant effects of black tea extract and the theabrownin was confirmed using ABTS assay. As a result, both extracts had antioxidant effects, and IC₅₀ values were confirmed to be 10.60 ppm and 13.21 ppm, respectively. And also, the anti-inflammatory effect of the theabrownin was confirmed that the mRNA expression of IL-8 increased by UVB irradiation was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by the theabrownin. In addition, when theabrownin was treated with 10 ppm, the mitochondrial function decreased by UVB irradiation was restored to 86 ± 1.9% compared to the control group. Therefore, we concluded that theabrownin could protect mitochondrial damage caused by UVB irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1664-1672
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• 2013

Solar salt is manufactured naturally, and therefore, it contains insoluble substances such as sandy compounds. This study is performed in order to effectively produce clean sea salt by removing the impurities in sea salt through filtration and evaporation in a vacuum condition. Brine was concentrated and crystallized at $90^{\circ}C$ by a rotary vacuum evaporator, which was then recovered as salt crystals by filtration, and then the salt was dehydrated. Manufacturing yields were determined by the amount of water evaporation. Brine was concentrated to 40%, 50% and 60% of the initial volume of brine and manufactured salt were designated as 40S, 50S and 60S, respectively. The salt produced by this process is called ESBS (evaporated salt with brine from salt-farm). The yield of 40S, 50S and 60S were 7.22%, 10.79% and 15.06%, respectively. The NaCl concentration of 40S and 50S were 90.38% and 91.16%, respectively. From a sensory evaluation analysis, the most tasty salt was 40S and the bitter salt was 60S. The average contents of sand compound and insoluble substances in ESBS were 0.001~0.012% and 0.067~0.12%, respectively. The mineral compositions, such as Na, Mg, K, and Ca of 40S and 50S were similar with those of the natural solar salt. In solubility tests, the solubility (g of salt/100 mL $H_2O$/sec) of 40S, 50S, and 60S was 0.69, 0.70, and 0.69, respectively. On the other hand, the solubility of natural solar salt was 0.47. By comparing the water reabsorption rate analysis results, water reabsorption rate of 40S and 50S was about 3 to 5 times lower than that of the solar salt. In the aspects of physical and chemical properties, such as minerals, impurities, solubility and moisture re-absorption rate, salts developed in this study are judged to be better than that of the general solar salt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1301-1304
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• 2012

Mineral contents of various salts were determined by the ICP-OES method. Bamboo salt (baked 9 times) contained more potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese, compared to purified and solar salts. Bamboo salt had a pH of 11.04, higher than those of purified (6.29) and solar (9.13) salts. Contents of [$OH^-$] were measured by using the FT-IR spectra. Bamboo salt exhibited higher reduction potential and contained more OH groups than purified and solar salts. The reduction peak of bamboo salt was observed to be about three times broader than that of solar salt in terms of redox potential amperometry. At a salt concentration of 25%, bamboo salt showed higher radical scavenging activities (81.4%) than solar (5.0%) and purified (2.0%) salts, as evaluated by DPPH assay. Bamboo salt revealed alkaline property, more OH groups and antioxidative activity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.632-637
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• 2013

It has been widely accepted that costal cartilage cells (CCs) have more excellent initial proliferation capacity than articular cartilage cells as well as the easiness for isolation and collection. This study demonstrated that CCs might be one of the substitutes for articular cartilage cells by tissue engineered cartilage. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been extensively tested and used as scaffold material but it was limited by the low attachment of cells and the induction of inflammatory cells. Base on previous our studies, we confirmed demineralized bone particle (DBP) had the power of the reduction of inflammatory reaction and the stimulation proliferation of cells. We fabricated PLGA scaffold loaded with 10, 20, 40 and 80 wt% DBP and then tested the possibility of the regeneration of cartilage using CCs. Assays of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) carried out to evaluate the attachment and proliferation of CCs in DBP/PLGA scaffolds. Glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen contents assay were conducted to confirm the effects of DBP on formation of extracellular matrix. This study demonstrated that DBP/PLGA scaffolds showed significant positive effects on cell growth and proliferation due to the vitality of DBP as well as the possibility of the application of CCs for tissue engineered cartilage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2003

발아현미란 적당한 온도와 수분, 산소 등을 공급해 현미의 싹을 1~5 mm까지 발아시킨 것으로 현미의 영양과 기능을 극대화시키면서 식미는 현미보다 훨씬 부드러운 쌀이다. 발아현미 등 발아곡식이 주목받기 시작한 것은 1993년 독일의 한 식품연구소에서 곡식의 발아시 발아전에는 없던 새로운 영양성분이 생겨나거나 증가한다는 연구발표가 계기가 되었다. 현미에는 식물성 섬유질을 비롯한 각종효소, 비타민, 미네랄 등 영양소가 다량 함유되어 몸에 좋다는 것은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 그러나 현미가 갖는 뛰어난 효능에도 불구하고 백미를 주식으로 하고 있는 이유는 현미의 조리가 어렵고 부드럽게 씹히지 않고 꺼칠하여 식미가 떨어지기 때문이다. 이러한 현미의 문제점을 개선하여 풍부한 영양을 고루 섭취하고 간편한 취사와 부드러운 조직감으로 식미 기호도를 높인 발아현미가 등장하였다. 따라서, 찹쌀과 멥쌀 발아현미에 대한 영양성분과 품질특성을 조사하여 발아현미밥 및 가공제품 개발에 대한 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다. 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 발아시킨 찹쌀 발아현미(수분함량 15.45%)와 멥쌀 발아현미(수분함량 15.02%)의 품질 특성중 amylose 함량은 각각 4.9%, 17.9%, 환원당은 4.91%, 2.28%, 유리당은 찹쌀 발아현미가 glucose 0.42%, sucrose 0.15%, maltose 0.27%이고 멥쌀 발아현미가 glucose 0.59%, sucrose 0.50%, maltose 0.24%였다. 찹쌀과 멥쌀 발아현미의 색차값은 각각 L값 60.30, a값 2.12, b값 23.52과 L값, 59.51, a값 3.15, b값 23.04이다. 호화도는 1.67%, 5.21%이고, 조직감중 hardness는 7.53 kgf, 8.93 kgf로 멥쌀 발아현미가 높았다. 찹쌀 발아현미의 아밀로그램 특성은 호화 초기온도가 42$^{\circ}C$였으며, breakdown값은 94, set back값은 -48이었으며, 멥쌀 발아현미의 특성은 호화 초기온도가 7$0^{\circ}C$였으며, breakdown값은 0, set back값은 123이었다. 비타민 E 함량은 찹쌀 211.79 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 멥쌀 310.59 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg이고, 총식이섬유 함량은 4.21%, 3.17%이다. 발아현미 원곡간의 향기패턴은 차이가 나지 않았으며 발아현미 제조 후 찹쌀, 멥쌀 모두 이취 성분은 거의 없었다. 발아현미의 절단 내면 미세구조를 관찰한 결과 찹쌀 발아현미 cell이 멥쌀 발아현미보다 작았으며, 표면 구조도 찹쌀 발아현미가 더욱 조밀하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1248-1256
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of behind $SO_2$ formation and elevated cause of reducing power in purple bamboo salt (PBS) along with an analysis of physicochemical properties, content of sulfur compounds, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), mineral contents of salt type (MSS, mudflat solar salt; BS, bamboo salt), and addition of raw bamboo (RB). $SO_2$ content of 630 ppm was detected in PBS. $SO_2$ was not detected in MSS, BS, or RB, whereas $SO_2$ (782 ppm) from $K_2SO_4$ was detected after heating a NaCl, KCl, $MgCl_2$, $MgSO_4$, MgO, $CaCl_2$, $K_2SO_4$, and $FeSO_4$ with RB. $SO_2$ content of BS increased with baking time, and it originated from BSRB1 (13.88 ppm) to BSRB4 (109.13 ppm). $SO_3{^{2-}}$ originated only from MSSRB4 and BSRB2~BSRB4. Sulfate ion content decreased along with increasing $SO_2$ and sulfite ion contents. ORP increased with baking time of MSS and BS, and it was present at higher levels in BSRB4 (-211.40 mV) of BS than MSS. Insoluble content was higher in BS than MSS. Further, Ca, K, and Mg ion contents decreased in MSS and increased in BS with baking time. BSRB4 had 1.4 fold higher levels of Ca, 1.5 fold higher levels of Mg, and 1.8 fold higher levels of K than BS. Li, Al, Mn, Fe, and Sr in MSS as well as Al, Fe, and Ni in BS increased with baking time. Anions (Cl, $NO_3$, and Br) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) between MSS and BS were not significantly different. These results suggest that the reducing power of BS was due to $SO_2$ and sulfite ion. To increase the amounts of these compounds and reducing power, higher melting temperature and longer baking time are necessary along with BS, which is created by the addition of RB to roasted salt.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2013

In this study, the inorganic insulating material was fabricated with quartzite, ordinary portland cement(OPC), lime and anhydrous gypsum. After characteristic analysis of slurry, the optimum mixing ratio was derived with different $CaO/SiO_2$ mole ratio. Based on derived mixing ratio, the inorganic insulating material was fabricated at different water content and hydrothermal synthesis conditions. Specific gravity was $0.26g/cm^3$, compressive strength was 0.4 MPa, and thermal conductivity was 0.064 W/mK. This properties were enhanced performance of conventional ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete). And it can replace organic insulation with harmless inorganic insulation through continues research and development.