• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

Among various mass transfer models to express adsorption rates for any adsorption processes, the linear driving force (LDF) model is used most. The present investigation aims at finding whether this model may be applied to real adsorption process for separation and removal of benzene. Comparison of numerical simulation results calculated by the LDF model with experimental data allowed us to find the mass transfer coefficients that are most appropriate for a specific adsorption process. Various breakthrough curves were obtained from experiments performed at many different temperatures and pressures, which in turn produced suitable mass transfer coefficients. These dependencies of mass transfer coefficient on temperature and pressure were represented by an Arrhenius type- and a power law type empirical equation, respectively.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

The instantaneous removal of ethylene glycol is very important fur obtaining high molecular weight polymer because of the reversibility of the polycondensation reaction of poly(ethylene naphthalate)(PEN). In this study, we investigated the mass transfer phenomena in the thin film of PEN oligomer where the polycondensation reaction took place at 280$^{\circ}C$ and under 0.1mmHg. In case of less than 0.025cm film thickness the mass transfer resistance through the thin film of the polymer melt was not so high that the overall reaction rate was governed only by the polycondenstion reaction. Both the mass transfer model and the diffusion model predicted the experimenatal data well but the diffusion model showed faster reaction rate in the low molecular weight range than the mass transfer model . It was estimated from the two models that the diffusivity was 4.7${\times}$10$\^$-6/$\textrm{cm}^2$/sec and the mass transfer coefficient was 1.4 ${\times}$10$\^$-4/cm/sec both of which were smaller than In case of poly(ethylene terephthalate).

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.44-45
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• 1996

역삼투막을 통한 물질전달에 대해서는 많은 모델식이 제안되어 왔으며, 이들을 통해 막의 특성을 규정하여 왔다. 역삼투막을 통한 물질전달에는 많은 변수가 있으며, 이들 가운데 일부는 정량적으로 측정할 수 없는 부분이 포함되어 있으며, 기존의 방법은 이들을 실험을 통해 정해지는 막이나 공정에 의존하는 특성값으로 고려하였다. 본 연구논문은 이와 같은 막특성값으로 간주되어온 분배계수의 고찰을 토대로 막분리 과정에서 일어나는 물질전달현상을 막물질의 특성과 연계하여 설명하고 이로부터 막분리에 유리한 막물질형태의 제안을 목적으로 하고 있다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.222-230
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• 2013

Retinal bipolar cells according to the light stimulus respond to potential slowly, emit neurotransmitter release(glutamine acid) to depend on membrane potential. In this paper, the several physiological information on neurotransmitter release mechanism in the presynaptic terminal of the ON-type bipolar cells are incorporated into the formula model. The source of fast components and slow components of neurotransmitter release was arranged in parallel, this model was able to reproduce the membrane potential and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration dependence of neurotransmitter release faithfully. In addition, because the fast releasable components of neurotransmitter was represented by the membrane potential dependence of trapezoid type, whereas the slow releasable components was represented by the membrane potential dependence of a bell type, $Ca^{2+}$ concentration rise in intracellular is suppressed by $Ca^{2+}$ buffer to reduce slow releasable components, it was confirmed that the membrane potential dependence of neurotransmitter release was characteristics of a trapezoid type. And, in the light response of ON type bipolar cell, the result of the simulation of the neurotransmitter release caused by the components of transient and persistent was that the start of light response occurred the fast release of neurotransmitter, it was confirmed that the transient component and persistent component of the light response occurred the slow release. It was confirmed that the later of persistent component of the light response occurred due to the continuous release by synaptic vesicle supplemented from the storage pool.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 1985

직접 접촉식 교환장치(이하 직접 교환기라 함)에서 액체의 유통형태의 선택은 매우 다양하며 전달계수 역시 개별적인 상황이나 충전물의 종류에 따라서 달라지므로 일률적으로 제시되지 못 하고 있다. 많은 경우 실험을 통하여 열전달 또는 물질전달계수를 측정하게 되나 개수로, 자유 낙하액체막, 액체분류와 같이 이상화가 가능한 경우, 이러한 전달계수를 구하기 위하여 이론적 또는 반실험적인 해석을 수행하기도 한다. 수많은 관련 연구결과들은 층류유동에 관한 것과 난류유동의 경우로 구분되고(예상되듯이 대부분의 직접교환기의 유통영역은 난류쪽이다), 난류 유통의 해석은 다시 표면갱신이론(surface renewal model), 와류확산계수모델(eddy diffusivity model-macroscopic), 미분형와류모델(differential eddy diffusivity model)로 대별된다. 여기서는 수많은 교환기형태의 자료정리보다 상기와 같이 대별된 액체측 유동영역별로 전달현상해석의 방법을 간단히 정리하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

본 논문은 태양열이용 냉난방시스템 중에서 실제로 액체흡수제를 재생하는 재생탑 내의 충진층에 있어서의 열 및 물질전달의 실험치와 이론적 해석에 의한 결과치와의 비교를 나타내고 있다.특히 물질전달의 극대화를 위하여 충진층 내에서 공기와 흡수제의 접촉면적을 크게 할 필요가 있는데,이를 위해서 본 실험에서는 직경이 3cm인 플라스틱제 충진재를 사용하였으며, 흡수제로는 저농도의 염화리튬 수용액이 사용 되었다. 충진층 내에서의 최적 높이를 예측하기 위하여 해석의 모델인 실험장치를 직접 제작하여 실험을 수행하였고, 이론 해석에 있어서 체적 열전달을 고려한 정상상태를 모델화하여 해석하였다. 이 결과, 충진층 내에서 실험치와 이론적인 계산치가 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었으며, 충진층의 높이가 2m 이상인 경우에는 높이에 따른 재생량의 차이가 없어서 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.310-318
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• 1999

The concentration breakthrough curves were examined to predict mass transfer coefficients of nitrogen and oxygen in adsorption column for design data of PSA process. Experimental breakthrough curves for bulk gas flow were compared with theoretical simulation results. For quantitative analysis of the adsorption, coupled Langmuir isotherm was considered and LDF model was used to describe the mass transfer effect. In the experimental and theoretical results, it was found that mass transfer coefficient was not affected by flow rate but strongly affected by pressure. As a result of this tendency, mass transfer resistance in this system was proved to belong to the macropore diffusion controlling region and the mass transfer coefficients could be expressed by exponential functions of pressure change. The mass transfer coefficients for one component, nitrogen or oxygen, were successfully applied to breakthrough curves for bulk mixed gases. The experimental curves were reasonably in consistent with the theoretical curves and the error time was less than 5 percent.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 1999

In the present study, buoyant force and its stabilizing effects in an electrostatic field were examined systematically in order to reduce the effect of natural convection with thermal stratification in a horizontal fluid-saturated porous layer. The correlation of ionic mass transport induced by double-diffusive convection in a horizontal porous layer has been derived theoretically. And the theoretical model was examined by electrochemical experiments. The theoretical correlation for mass transport which is satisfying Forchheimer's flow equation and based on the micro-turbulence model is derived as a function of soltual Darcy-Rayleigh number, thermal Darcy-Rayleigh number and Lewis number. In the experiment, the mass transport of copper ions in $CuSO_4-H_2SO_4$ solution is measured by electrochemical technique. By assembling theoretical correlation and experimental results, the mass transport correlation induced by double-diffusive convection is proposed as $$Sh=\frac{0.03054(Rs_D-LeRa_D)^{1/2}}{1-3.8788(Rs_D-LeRa_D)^{-1/10}}$$ The present correlation looks flirty reasonable with comparing experimental results, and very promising for the applications of its prototype into various systems involving heat transfer as well as mass transfer, in order to control the effects of natural convection effectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.685-693
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• 1990

The heat transfer coefficients were calculated numerically to see the effects of radiation around the porous medium put on the flat plate at a distance from the leading edge of flat plate for the two-dimensional laminar flows. To verify the analytical model developed and invoke the heat/mass transfer analogy, an experiment was carried out using naphthalene sublimation technique. From the effects of the wake, Sherwood number is maximum around the region where the porous medium is attached. The theoretical results correspond well with the experimental results at small Darcy number. Permeability of ceramic blocks used for experiment was also measured and the Forchheimer equation is applicable in our measurement range.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-127
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• 1996

Potassium Sorbate의 향균능력측정결과 효모(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)의 성장에 대하여 uncompetitive 기작으로 작용하였다. 열처리 실험의 결과 Potassium Sorbate는 가열온도에 대하여 Arrhenius, 또한 가열시간에 대하여 1차반응식관계로 향균능력을 잃었으며 따라서 보존제로 Potassium Sorbate를 식품에 첨가후 포장, 가열살균하는 일반 식품가공공정상에서 가열살균공정이 첨가 보존제의 잔류향균능력을 잃게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 플라스틱 film과 치즈안에서 Potassium Sorbate의 확산계수 및 확산에 의한 물질전달 현상을 수학적모델과 컴퓨터 simulation 그리고 실험에 의해 구하였다. 저밀도폴리에틸렌(LDPE)이 범용플라스틱중에서 가장 작은 확산계수를 가져 빠른 물질전달이 요구되는 film층 또는 약물저장층으로 적합한것으로 나타났다. 그외 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE)과 폴리프로필렌(PP), 폴리에스터(PET)는 느린 물질전달이 요구되는층 또는 복합다층 film에서 물질전달에 단방향성을 주는 고차단층으로 적합한것으로 나타났다. Potassium Sorbate분말과 LDPE resin분말을 섞은후 단일스크루 익스트루더로 항균성 포장 film을 제조한 결과 LDPE film의 tensile strength과 elongation, elastic modulus는 Potassium Sorbate를 3% 이상 포함할때까지 변화하지 않았다. 그러나 film의 투명도는 급격히 낮아졌다. 향균성LDPE film은 효모가 접종된 한천배지상에서 항균물질인 Potassium Sorbate를 배지위로 서서히 방출시켜 효모의 성장속도(growth rate)를 저하시키고 초기성장지체기(lag period)를 연장시킨다. 따라서 식품포장재로 적용시에 미생물의 오염을 막고 식품저장기간을 연장할것이라 여겨진다.