• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.333-337
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 개체명 인식과 언어 모델의 다중 학습을 이용한 한국어 개체명 인식 방법을 제안한다. 다중 학습은 1 개의 모델에서 2 개 이상의 작업을 동시에 분석하여 성능 향상을 기대할 수 있는 방법이지만, 이를 적용하기 위해서 말뭉치에 각 작업에 해당하는 태그가 부착되어야 하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 추가적인 태그 부착 없이 정보를 획득할 수 있는 언어 모델을 개체명 인식 작업과 결합하여 성능 향상을 이루고자 한다. 또한 단순한 형태소 입력의 한계를 극복하기 위해 입력 표상을 자소 및 형태소 품사의 임베딩으로 확장하였다. 기계 학습 방법은 순차적 레이블링에서 높은 성능을 제공하는 Bi-directional LSTM CRF 모델을 사용하였고, 실험 결과 언어 모델이 개체명 인식의 오류를 효과적으로 개선함을 확인하였다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.449-466
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• 2013

This paper started from a question: Can it help a student solve the problem to give supports in point of view of a teacher knowing the solution. We performed a case study to get an answer for the question. We analysed a case which students do not make full use of data in the mathematical problem from this point of view of the mental representation. We examined closely the cause for not making full use of data. We got that the wrong mental representation which the students get from data in the problem lead to not making full use of data. We knew that it is insufficient to present the data not making use of. To help a student truly, it is necessary to give a aid based on a student's mental representation. From the conclusion of study, We got that figuring out student's mental representation is important and hope that many investigation about student's mental representation for various problem occur with frequency.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.362-371
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• 2011

We often find that we, as a social group, share stereotypes of criminals. For the present study we investigated the stereotypes of rapists, and examined if they match their characteristics on the national crime statistics in Korea. Collecting data from 82 college students and 91 police officers, we compared stereotypes about rapists with the characteristics of those reported on the national crime statistics. As a result, we found that both college students and police officers have distorted stereotypes of rapists which are not consistent with their characteristics. More specifically, both college students and police officers believed that rapists came from broken families and that they were likely to have more previous criminal convictions than they actually did. In addition, both college students and police officers believed that rapists tended to recidivate within a short period of time, e.g. 1-3 months, which is much shorter than the time that actually took for them to recidivate. Finally, suggestions for future research were made.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.103-129
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• 2004

This article examines the Korean adolescents and adults' social representation and trust of Korean society and people using indigenous psychological analysis. Respondents were asked to write in an open-ended questionnaire their perception of the following five aspects: Korean politics, economy, society, culture and people. They were then asked to report why they trust or distrust Korean society. A total of 1,064 respondents (218 middle school students, 200 university students, 218 fathers of the middle school students, 218 mothers of the middle school students, and 210 teachers) completed a questionnaire developed by the present researchers. The data were collected during April to June, 2003. The results indicate that 94.5% of Koreans view the existing political system and politicians as being corrupt, inept, factional, and lacking in integrity. A vast majority (84.9%) recognize the existence of systemic problems in the Korean economy. A total of 78.2% see problems in Korean society being dominated by selfishness, factionalism, conservatism, and social uncertainty. For Korean culture, a majority of respondents report being proud of its cultural tradition, accomplishment, and creativity. At the same time, 45.7% report loss of cultural identity and pride due to external influences. More than half of the respondents report negative aspects of Korean people (i.e., selfish, lack of morality, rushed, and overly focused on their social image), while nearly half of the respondents report positive aspects of Korean people as being compassionate, cooperative, good-natured and hard-working. As for reason for trusting Korean society, around a third report "because it is our country," followed by its future potential, and the good-nature and willingness of Korean people to work hard. The reasons for distrusting Korean society is the dishonesty politicians, corruption, institutional ineptness, and economic uncertainty. These results indicate a low level of collective efficacy in influencing and affecting change in Korean society.

• Language and Information
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.130-140
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• 2000

이 논문에서는 피동접사 '이, 히, 리, 기'와 결합하는 피동형과 관련된 형태·통사적 문제를 전산적 관점에서 다룬다. 전산처리에서 이러한 피동형의 형태적 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 피동접사 '이, 히, 리, 기'와 결합할 수 있는 타동사 어간의 분포가 제한되어 있다. 둘째, 타동사 어간이 결합할 수 있는 피동접사는 고정접사는 고정되어 있다. 셋째, 피동형 중에 타동사 어간과 피동접사가 결합할 대 형태적으로 변화하는 것들이 있다. '나누다/나뉘다, 모으다/모이다, 잠그다/잠기다, 자르다/잘리다'등이 여기에 해당된다. 이러한 형태적 문제 외에도 전산처리에서 피동형과 관련된 통사적 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 능동형의 타동사가 피동형이 되면서 논항구조도 함께 변화한다. 둘째, 피동문의 행동주가 문장에서 생략되는 경우가 종종 있다. '문제가 쉽게 풀리었다','소리가 잘 들린다'등이 이에 해당된다. 이 논문은 한국어 피동접사 '이, 히, 라, 기'와 결합하는 피동형의 형태·통사적 특징을 전산적으로 처리하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 표상모형으로는 자질구조를, 구현도구로는 Malage를 사용한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.690-693
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• 2023

언어 모델의 파라미터 수의 지속적인 증가로 100B 단위의 거대 언어모델 LLM(Large Language Model)을 구성 할 정도로 언어 모델의 크기는 증가 해 왔다. 이런 모델의 크기와 함께 성장한 다양한 Task의 작업 성능의 향상과 함께, 발전에는 환각(Hallucination) 및 윤리적 문제도 함께 떠오르고 있다. 이러한 문제 중 특히 환각 문제는 모델이 존재하지도 않는 정보를 실제 정보마냥 생성한다. 이러한 잘못된 정보 생성은 훌륭한 성능의 LLM에 신뢰성 문제를 야기한다. 환각 문제는 정보 검색을 통하여 입력 혹은 내부 표상을 증강하면 증상이 완화 되고 추가적으로 성능이 향상된다. 본 논문에서는 한국어 질의 응답에서 검색 증강을 통하여 모델의 개선점을 확인한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

Objectives：This study was performed to introduce a psychoeducational family therapy model for the families of schizophrenic patient and to investigate the effect of this model on the changes in coping style and depressive symptoms of the family members, and in perception of emotional support by families and depressive symptoms of patients. Methods：Nine preschool children, 3-5 years old, experiencing physical injuries caused by attack from a psychotic patient at kindergarten, were evaluated for psychological assessments；Intelligence test, MSSB(MacArthur Story-Stem Battery), H-T-P test(House-Tree-Person test). And their parents completed rating scale, KPI-C(Korean Personality Inventory for Children about children’s psychological conditions). Results：With respects to the contents and emotional reactions of MSSB, 9 preschool children showed generally high levels of anxiety, depression, avoidance, aggression, probably related to the traumatic experiences. Even though children couldn't verbally report directly about their traumatic experiences, in both MSSB, structured play narrative assessment tool, and HPT, free drawing and association test, they demonstrated psychiatric problems through reenactment plays, regardless of clinical diagnoses. Conclusion：Present study allowed us the chance to see beyond the outer pathological behaviors of PTSD in preschool children, through deeper evaluations of their mental representation. These preliminary data suggest deep understanding of internal representation would be of help for thorough evaluations and treatment plan for preschool children, experiencing severe trauma.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.534-553
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• 2011

Analogical thinking is a problem-solving strategy to use a familiar problem (or base analog) to solve a novel problem of the same type (the target problem). The purpose of this study is to provide new insight into geography teaching and learning by connecting cognitive science research on analogical thinking with issues of geography education and suggest that teaching with analogies can be a productive instructional strategy for geography. In this study, using the various examples of analogical thinking used in geography we defined analogical thinking, addressed the theoretical models on analogical transfer, and discussed conditions that make an effective analogical transfer. The major research findings include the following: a) the spatial analogy, indicating skills to find places that may be far apart but have similar locations, and therefore have other similar conditions and/or connections, can provide a useful way to design contents for place learning; b) representational transfer, specifying a common representation for two problems, can play a key role in solving geographic problems requiring data visualization and spatialization processes; and c) either asking learners to compare/analyze similar examples sharing common structure or providing them examples bridging the gap between concrete, real-life phenomena and the ideas and models can contribute to learning in geographic concepts and skills. The spatial analogy requiring both geographic content knowledge and visual/spatial thinking has the potential to become a content-specific problem-solving strategy. We ended with recommendations for future research on analogy that is important in geography education.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.65-72
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• 1989

이 논문은 국어 부정문의 의미분석을 위하여 바람직한 의미이론을 제안하려는 것이 목적이다. 특히, 이 논문에서는, 국어의 내부부정 (internal negation)은 물론 외부부정 (external negation)에 상응하는 문장부정의 통사구조가 있다는 것을 논의를 통하여 입증한다. 그러고, 이러한 부정문의 의미를 표상하기 위하여, 부정문 대한 기존의 이론을 수정, 보완할 것을 구체적으로 제안한다. 특히, 아리스토텔레스 (Aristotle)의 부정논리에 입각한 전통에 일치하는 몬테그 (Montague)의 부정문 규칙이 국어의 부정문 처리에는 만족스럽지 못한 점을 지적한다. 그러고, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 수정된 규칙을 제안한다. 이어서 최근에 발전된 상황의미론(situation semantics) 에서 국어의 문장부정을 다루는데 야기될 수 있는 문제를 지적하고, 이러한 문제를 처리 할 수 있는 이론적 대안을 마련한다. 특히 국어의 외부부정이 야기시키는 중의성의 문제를 잘 다룰 수 있는 바람직한 의미론을 세운다. 그리고 나아가서는 부정문에 대한 보편적 통사-의미론의 기틀을 마련하려는 것이다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.583-592
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of argument-based modeling strategy using scientific writing on student's modeling ability. For this study, 66 students (three classes) from the 7th grade were selected and of these, 43 students (two classes) were assigned to two experimental groups while the other 23 students (one class) were assigned to comparative group. In the experimental groups, one group (22 students) was Argument-based multimodal Representation and Modeling (AbRM), and the other group (21 students) was Argument-based Modeling (AbM). Modeling ability consisted of identifying the problem, structuring of scientific concepts, adequacy of claim and evidence and index of multimodal representation. As for the modeling ability, AbRM group scored significantly higher than the other groups, AbM group was significantly higher than comparative group. The four sub-elements of modeling ability in the AbRM group was significantly higher than the other groups statistically and AbM group scored significantly higher than comparative group. From these results, the argument-based modeling strategy using scientific writing was effective on students' modeling ability. Students organized or expressed the model and evaluated or modified it through the process of argument-based modeling using scientific writing and the exchange of opinions with others by scientific language as argument and writing.