• Title/Summary/Keyword: 문맥 반영 방법

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UA Tree-based Reduction of Speech DB in a Large Corpus-based Korean TTS (대용량 한국어 TTS의 결정트리기반 음성 DB 감축 방안)

  • Lee, Jung-Chul
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.15 no.7
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2010
  • Large corpus-based concatenating Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems can generate natural synthetic speech without additional signal processing. Because the improvements in the natualness, personality, speaking style, emotions of synthetic speech need the increase of the size of speech DB, it is necessary to prune the redundant speech segments in a large speech segment DB. In this paper, we propose a new method to construct a segmental speech DB for the Korean TTS system based on a clustering algorithm to downsize the segmental speech DB. For the performance test, the synthetic speech was generated using the Korean TTS system which consists of the language processing module, prosody processing module, segment selection module, speech concatenation module, and segmental speech DB. And MOS test was executed with the a set of synthetic speech generated with 4 different segmental speech DBs. We constructed 4 different segmental speech DB by combining CM1(or CM2) tree clustering method and full DB (or reduced DB). Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the size of speech DB by 23% and get high MOS in the perception test. Therefore the proposed method can be applied to make a small sized TTS.

A Method of Word Sense Disambiguation for Korean Complex Noun Phrase Using Verb-Phrase Pattern and Predicative Noun (기계 번역 의미 대역 패턴을 이용한 한국어 복합 명사 의미 결정 방법)

  • Yang, Seong-Il;Kim, Young-Kil;Park, Sang-Kyu;Ra, Dong-Yul
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 2003.10d
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    • pp.246-251
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    • 2003
  • 한국어의 언어적 특성에 의해 빈번하게 등장하는 명사와 기능어의 나열은 기능어나 연결 구문의 잦은 생략현상에 의해 복합 명사의 출현을 발생시킨다. 따라서, 한국어 분석에서 복합 명사의 처리 방법은 매우 중요한 문제로 인식되었으며 활발한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 복합 명사의 의미 결정은 복합 명사구 내 단위 명사간의 의미적인 수식 관계를 고려하여 머리어의 선택과 의미를 함께 결정할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 정보 검색의 색인어 추출 방법에서 사용되는 복합 명사구 내의 서술성 명사 처리를 이용하여 복합 명사의 의미 결정을 인접 명사의 의미 공기 정보가 아닌 구문관계에 따른 의미 공기 정보를 사용하여 분석하는 방법을 제시한다. 복합 명사구 내에서 구문적인 관계는 명사구 내에 서술성 명사가 등장하는 경우 보-술 관계에 의한 격 결정 문제로 전환할 수 있다. 이러한 구문 구조는 명사 의미를 결정할 수 있는 추가적인 정보로 활용할 수 있으며, 이때 구문 구조 파악을 위해 구축된 의미 제약 조건을 활용하도록 한다. 구조 분석에서 사용되는 격틀 정보는 동사와 공기하는 명사의 구문 관계를 분석하기 위해 의미 정보를 제약조건으로 하여 구축된다. 이러한 의미 격틀 정보는 단문 내 명사들의 격 결정과 격을 채우는 명사 의미를 결정할 수 있는 정보로 활용된다. 본 논문에서는 현재 개발중인 한영 기계 번역 시스템 Tellus-KE의 단문 단위 대역어 선정을 위해 구축된 의미 대역패턴인 동사구 패턴을 사용한다. 동사구 패턴에 기술된 한국어의 단문 단위 의미 격 정보를 사용하는 경우, 격결정을 위해 사용되는 의미 제약 조건이 복합 명사의 중심어 선택과 의미 결정에 재활용 될 수 있으며, 병렬말뭉치에 의해 반자동으로 구축되는 의미 대역 패턴을 사용하여 데이터 구축의 어려움을 개선하고자 한다. 및 산출 과정에 즉각적으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 이러한 정보들은 현재 구축중인 세종 전자사전에도 직접 반영되고 있다.teness)은 언화행위가 성공적이라는 것이다.[J. Searle] (7) 수로 쓰인 것(상수)(象數)과 시로 쓰인 것(의리)(義理)이 하나인 것은 그 나타난 것과 나타나지 않은 것들 사이에 어떠한 들도 없음을 말한다. [(성중영)(成中英)] (8) 공통의 규범의 공통성 속에 규범적인 측면이 벌써 있다. 공통성에서 개인적이 아닌 공적인 규범으로의 전이는 규범, 가치, 규칙, 과정, 제도로의 전이라고 본다. [C. Morrison] (9) 우리의 언어사용에 신비적인 요소를 부인할 수가 없다. 넓은 의미의 발화의미(utterance meaning) 속에 신비적인 요소나 애정표시도 수용된다. 의미분석은 지금 한글을 연구하고, 그 결과에 의존하여서 우리의 실제의 생활에 사용하는 $\ulcorner$한국어사전$\lrcorner$ 등을 만드는 과정에서, 어떤 의미에서 실험되었다고 말할 수가 있는 언어과학의 연구의 결과에 의존하여서 수행되는 철학적인 작업이다. 여기에서는 하나의 철학적인 연구의 시작으로 받아들여지는 이 의미분석의 문제를 반성하여 본다.반인과 다르다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이 결과가 옳다면 한국의 심성 어휘집은 어절 문맥에 따라서 어간이나 어근 또는 활용형 그 자체로 이루어져 있을 것이다.으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파 초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.\ell}$ 이었으며 , yeast extract 첨가(添加)하여 배양시(培養時)는 yeast extract 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量)도 증가(增加)하였다. 7. CHS-13 균주(菌株)의 RNA 함량(

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A study for 'Education 2.0' service case and Network Architecture Analysis using convergence technology (융합 기술을 활용한 '교육 2.0' 서비스 사례조사와 네트워크 아키텍처 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Jang-Mook;Kang, Sung-Wook;Moon, Song-Chul
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.759-769
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    • 2008
  • Convergence technology stimulating participation sharing openness to the public of web 2.0 such as Open-API, Mash-Up, Syndication gives diversity to education field. The convergence in education field means the revolution toward education 2.0 and new education reflecting web 2.0 stream is called 'education 2.0'. Education environment can be the space of social network intimately linked between learners, educators and educational organization. Network technology developed in ontology language makes it possible to educate semantically which understands privatized education service and connection. Especially, filtering system by the reputation system of Amazon and the collective intelligence of Wikipedia are the best samples. Education area can adopt actively because learners as educational main body can broaden their role of participation and communicate bilaterally in the equal position. In this paper, new network architecture in contents linkage is introduced and researched for utilization and analysis of the architecture for web 2.0 technology and educational contents are to be converged. Education 2.0 service utilizing convergence technology and network architecture for realizing education 2.0 is introduced and analyzed so that the research could be a preceding research to the education 2.0 platform foundation.

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Topic-Specific Mobile Web Contents Adaptation (주제기반 모바일 웹 콘텐츠 적응화)

  • Lee, Eun-Shil;Kang, Jin-Beom;Choi, Joong-Min
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.539-548
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    • 2007
  • Mobile content adaptation is a technology of effectively representing the contents originally built for the desktop PC on wireless mobile devices. Previous approaches for Web content adaptation are mostly device-dependent. Also, the content transformation to suit to a smaller device is done manually. Furthermore, the same contents are provided to different users regardless of their individual preferences. As a result, the user has difficulty in selecting relevant information from a heavy volume of contents since the context information related to the content is not provided. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes an enhanced method of Web content adaptation for mobile devices. In our system, the process of Web content adaptation consists of 4 stages including block filtering, block title extraction, block content summarization, and personalization through learning. Learning is initiated when the user selects the full content menu from the content summary page. As a result of learning, personalization is realized by showing the information for the relevant block at the top of the content list. A series of experiments are performed to evaluate the content adaptation for a number of Web sites including online newspapers. The results of evaluation are satisfactory, both in block filtering accuracy and in user satisfaction by personalization.

Experimental Models of Schizophrenia (정신분열병의 실험적 모델)

  • Cheon, Jin-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 1999
  • Animal models can provide a useful tool for the study of some aspects of psychiatric disorders and their treatment. The four criteria for the evaluation of animal models of psychiatric disorders are as following : 1) similarity of inducing conditions 2) similarity of behavioral state 3) common underlying neurobiological mechanisms 4) reversal by clinically effective treatment techniques. Several animal models have been proposed for schizophrenia : phenylethylamine model, L-dopa model, hallucinogen model, cocaine model, amphetamine model, phencyclidine model, noradrenergic reward system lesion model, reticular stimulation model, social isolation model, conditioned avoidance reaction, catalepsy test, paw test, self-stimulation paradigms, latent inhibition paradigms, blocking paradigms, prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, rodent interaction, social behavior in monkeys, hippocampal damage, high ambient pressure, and models using selective breeding. Among them, animals with bilateral lesion of the hippocampus may provide an adequate animal model for several symptoms of schizophrenia, and ketamine model can reproduce negative symptoms and cognitive deficits as well as positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In conclusion, no model of schizophrenia is entirely representative of the disease, and findings gleaned from model systems must be cautiously interpreted. Furthermore, the process of developing and validating animal models must work in concert with the process to identify reliable measures of human phenomenology.

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Analysis of Metadata Standards of Record Management for Metadata Interoperability From the viewpoint of the Task model and 5W1H (메타데이터 상호운용성을 위한 기록관리 메타데이터 표준 분석 5W1H와 태스크 모델의 관점에서)

  • Baek, Jae-Eun;Sugimoto, Shigeo
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.32
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    • pp.127-176
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    • 2012
  • Metadata is well recognized as one of the foundational factors in archiving and long-term preservation of digital resources. There are several metadata standards for records management, archives and preservation, e.g. ISAD(G), EAD, AGRkMs, PREMIS, and OAIS. Consideration is important in selecting appropriate metadata standards in order to design metadata schema that meet the requirements of a particular archival system. Interoperability of metadata with other systems should be considered in schema design. In our previous research, we have presented a feature analysis of metadata standards by identifying the primary resource lifecycle stages where each standard is applied. We have clarified that any single metadata standard cannot cover the whole records lifecycle for archiving and preservation. Through this feature analysis, we analyzed the features of metadata in the whole records lifecycle, and we clarified the relationships between the metadata standards and the stages of the lifecycle. In the previous study, more detailed analysis was left for future study. This paper proposes to analyze the metadata schemas from the viewpoint of tasks performed in the lifecycle. Metadata schemas are primarily defined to describe properties of a resource in accordance with the purposes of description, e.g. finding aids, records management, preservation and so forth. In other words, the metadata standards are resource- and purpose-centric, and the resource lifecycle is not explicitly reflected in the standards. There are no systematic methods for mapping between different metadata standards in accordance with the lifecycle. This paper proposes a method for mapping between metadata standards based on the tasks contained in the resource lifecycle. We first propose a Task Model to clarify tasks applied to resources in each stage of the lifecycle. This model is created as a task-centric model to identify features of metadata standards and to create mappings among elements of those standards. It is important to categorize the elements in order to limit the semantic scope of mapping among elements and decrease the number of combinations of elements for mapping. This paper proposes to use 5W1H (Who, What, Why, When, Where, How) model to categorize the elements. 5W1H categories are generally used for describing events, e.g. news articles. As performing a task on a resource causes an event and metadata elements are used in the event, we consider that the 5W1H categories are adequate to categorize the elements. By using these categories, we determine the features of every element of metadata standards which are AGLS, AGRkMS, PREMIS, EAD, OAIS and an attribute set extracted from DPC decision flow. Then, we perform the element mapping between the standards, and find the relationships between the standards. In this study, we defined a set of terms for each of 5W1H categories, which typically appear in the definition of an element, and used those terms to categorize the elements. For example, if the definition of an element includes the terms such as person and organization that mean a subject which contribute to create, modify a resource the element is categorized into the Who category. A single element can be categorized into one or more 5W1H categories. Thus, we categorized every element of the metadata standards using the 5W1H model, and then, we carried out mapping among the elements in each category. We conclude that the Task Model provides a new viewpoint for metadata schemas and is useful to help us understand the features of metadata standards for records management and archives. The 5W1H model, which is defined based on the Task Model, provides us a core set of categories to semantically classify metadata elements from the viewpoint of an event caused by a task.