• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2018

Objective : Localized vibration has been shown to have a positive effect on recovery of upper-limb motor function in patients with hemiparetic stroke, but there has been little research on kinematic analysis for qualitative changes in movement. This study investigated kinematic changes in elbow motion during reaching after localized vibration in persons with hemiparetic stroke. Methods : This study used a one-group, cross-over trial design. Ten chronic stroke patients randomly received localized vibrations on the affected biceps brachii for 5, 10, or 20 min, at 70 Hz. Kinematic analysis of reaching was measured using a 3-D motion analysis system. Variables included peak angular velocity, time to peak angular velocity, and movement units during elbow motion. Result : Affected side elbow motion during reaching was faster, smoother, and more efficient after 20 min localized vibration. Peak angular velocity increased (p<0.05), and time to peak angular velocity (p<0.05) and the movement unit were significantly decreased (p<0.05) during elbow motion for reaching. Conclusion : Localized vibration can improve kinematic components during reaching motion in persons with hemiparetic stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2019

The object of is this research is to find out the optimal Tesla by evaluating SNR and CNR, after testing 1.5 T and 3.0 T. The randomly selected patients tested by nasopharynx MRI transmitted in PACS were applied to the research. Two MRI units(1.5 T, 3.0 T) was used for analyzing the data. As a method of analysis, in T1W highlighting and T1 fat removal images, we set up a certain area of interest and evaluated the SNR and CNR on tongue, spinal cord, masseter muscle, fat, parotid gland, and tumor tissue. We evaluated the SNR and CNR by quantitative analysis of six tissue, measuring the quality of images for uniform fat removal, magnetic sensitivity artifact on a four-point scale by qualitative analysis. The statistical significance of this date analysis was based on independent sample verification and was accepted when the P value was less than 0.05. As a result of analysis of both devices, 3.0 T was high in the quantitative evaluation, while 1.5 T was high in the qualitative evaluation. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of each device, and if the device is selected complementarily and applied to patients, it is believed that it will provide the optimal information.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2016

Lactulose, a synthetic disaccharide, has received increasing interest because of its role as a prebiotic that can increase the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. and enhance the absorption of calcium and magnesium. While the industrial production of lactulose is still mainly achieved by the chemical isomerization of lactose in alkaline media, this process has drawbacks including the need to remove catalysts and by-products, as well as high energy requirements. Recently, the use of cellobiose 2-epimerase (CE) has been considered an interesting alternative for industrial lactulose production. In this study, to develop a process for enzymatic lactulose production using CE, we screened improved mutant enzymes ($CS-H^RC^E$) from a library generated by an error-prone PCR technique. The thermostability of one mutant was enhanced, conferring stability up to $75^{\circ}C$, and its lactulose conversion yield was increased by 1.3-fold compared with that of wild-type CE. Using a recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring a CS35 $H^RC^E$-expressing plasmid, we prepared cell beads immobilized on a Ca-alginate substrate and optimized their reaction conditions. In a batch reaction with 200 g/l lactose solution and the immobilized cell beads, lactose was converted into lactulose with a conversion yield of 43% in 2 h. In a repeated 38-plex batch reaction, the immobilized cell beads were relatively stable, and 80% of the original enzyme activity was retained after 4 cycles. In conclusion, we developed a reasonable method for lactulose production by immobilizing cells expressing thermostable CE. Further development is required to apply this approach at an industrial scale.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-252
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• 2016

Two-dimensional materials offer unique characteristics for membrane applications to water technology. With its atomic thickness, availability and stackability, graphene in particular is attracting attention in the research and industrial communities. Here, we present a brief overview of the recent research activities in this rising topic with bringing two membrane architecture into focus. Pristine graphene in single- and polycrystallinity poses a unique diffusion barrier property for most of chemical species at broad ambient conditions. If well designed and controlled, physical and chemical perforation can turn this barrier layer to a thinnest feasible membrane that permits ultimate permeation at given pore sizes. For subcontinuum pores, both molecular dynamics simulations and experiments predict potential salt rejection to envisage a seawater desalination application. Another novel membrane architecture is a stack of individual layers of 2D materials. When graphene-based platelets are chemically modified and stacked, the interplanar spacing forms a narrow transport pathway capable of separation of solvated ions from pure water. Bearing unbeknownst permeance and selectivity, both membrane architecture - ultrathin porous graphene and stacked platelets - offer a promising prospect for new extraordinary membranes for water technology applications.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.543-549
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• 2000

Gutta-percha와 근관sealer를 사용한 근관 충전은 가장 많이 이용되고 성공률이 높은 방법이지만, 현재 사용되는 모든 근관sealer는 미세누출을 나타낸다. 따라서 더 효과적인 근관 폐쇄를 이루기 위한 재료 및 방법들이 연구되어왔다. 이중 상아질 접착제는 근관 충전재와 함께 사용되어 미세누출을 감소시키지만, 근관 내에 사용하기에 술식이 복잡하고 기술이 요구된다. 본 연구의 목적은 gutta-percha와 레진계 근관 sealer로 충전한 근관에서 self-etching primer를 미리 도포한 경우와 도포하지 않은 경우의 치근단 미세누출을 비교하고, self-etching primer를 도포함에 있어 근관 내에 적용하는 방법에 따른 미세누출을 비교하는 것이다. 또한 근관sealer와 상아질 계면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여, 이 결과를 미세누출과 관련시켜보고자 하였다. 36개의 발거된 사람의 단근치에서 치관부를 절단, 제거하고 ProFile로 근관 형성한 후, 무작위로 선택하여 4개의 군으로 분류하였다. 1군에서는 주사기와 30게이지 주사 바늘로 self-etching primer를 근관 내에 적용하였고, 2군에서는 self-etching primer를 paper point에 적셔 근관 내에 적용하였다. 3군에서는 self-etching primer를 적용하지 않았다. 1, 2, 3군의 치아를 gutta-percha와 AH26 sealer를 사용하여 continuous wave 충전법으로 충전한 후 치근단공 주위 3mm를 제외한 치근변에 nail polish를 2회 도포하였고, 4군(음성 대조군)은 치근면 전체에 도포하였다. 1군과 2군에서 각각 2개의 치아는 주사전자현미경적 관찰을 위해 준비하였다. 모든 치아를 Methylene Blue 수용액에 48시간동안 침적, 수세한 후 치아 장축에 평행하게 양분하여 10배의 실물확대현미경 하에서 치근단 색소 침투를 관찰하였다. Self-etching primer를 도포한 군과 도포하지 않은 군 사이에는 평균 미세누출량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 주사 바늘로 적용한 군과 paper point로 적용한 군 사이에도 평균 미세누출량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 상아질과 근관 sealer계면의 주사전자현미경 관찰 결과 일부분에서 긴밀한 접착 관계를 나타내었고, 다른 부분에서는 간극을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical antagonistic effect of atipamezole(0.25 mg/kg, IM) in cats anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam ($Zoletil^{(R)}$, 10 mg/kg, IM) and medetomidine (0.05 mg/kg, IM). Twelve healthy 1 year old Korean mixed breed cats were used for this study. They were 4 males and 8 females. These cats were randomly assigned to two groups. One was control group ($Zoletil^{(R)}$ + medetomidine, ZM), and the other was treatment group ($Zoletil^{(R)}$ + medetomidine and antagonism by atipamezole, ZMA). All cats were examined 15 minutes before, 5, 25, 65 and 105 minutes after administration of tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine. Atipamezole was injected intramuscularly 20 minutes after ZM administation. Recovery time, heart rate, respiratory rate, total plasma protein and blood glucose were significantly different between ZM group and ZMA group (P<0.05). However, rectal temperature was not significantly different between ZM group and ZMA group. Two groups were able to induce sternal recumbency within 2 minutes and lateral recumbency within 4 minutes after the anesthetics injection. Mean sternal position time ($mean{\pm}SD$) was $174.0{\pm}44.6\;and\;116.2{\pm}27.3$ minutes, and mean standing position time was $210.8{\pm}45.6\;and\;154.2{\pm}21.1$ minutes in ZM and ZMA group, respectively. In these two groups, adverse effects during recovery time from anesthesia were not seen. As a result, the ZMA group had a faster recovery than the ZM group. Thus it was concluded that atipamezole could exert a useful reversal effect in cats anesthetized with medetomidine-tiletamine/zolazepam combination.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3C
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• pp.115-125
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• 2009

The preconsolidation pressure has been commonly determined by oedometer test. However, it can also be determined by insitu test, such as piezocone test with theoretical and(or) empirical correlations. Recently, Neural Network (NN) theory was applied and some models were proposed to estimate the preconsolidation pressure or OCR. It was already found that NN model can come over the site dependency and prediction accuracy is greatly improved when compared with present theoretical and empirical models. However, since the optimization process of synaptic weights of NN model is dependent on the initial synaptic weights, NN models which are trained with different initial weights can't avoid the variability on prediction result for new database even though they have same structure and use same transfer function. In this study, Committee Neural Network (CNN) model is proposed to improve the initial weight dependency of multi-layered neural network model on the prediction of preconsolidation pressure of soft clay from piezocone test result. Prediction results of CNN model are compared with those of conventional empirical and theoretical models and multi-layered neural network model, which has the optimized structure. It was found that even though the NN model has the optimized structure for given training data set, it still has the initial weight dependency, while the proposed CNN model can improve the initial weight dependency of the NN model and provide a consistent and precise inference result than existing NN models.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.79-90
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new clustered reconfigurable interconnect network (CRIN) BIST to improve the embedding probabilities of random-pattern-resistant-patterns. The proposed method uses a scan-cell reordering technique based on the signal probabilities of given test cubes and specific hardware blocks that increases the embedding probabilities of care bit clustered scan chain test cubes. We have developed a simulated annealing based algorithm that maximizes the embedding probabilities of scan chain test cubes to reorder scan cells, and an iterative algorithm for synthesizing the CRIN hardware. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CRIN BIST technique achieves complete fault coverage with lower storage requirement and shorter testing time in comparison with the conventional methods.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1376-1384
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• 2016

Computers require analytic and processing capability for all possibilities of human expression in order to process sentences like human beings. Linguistic information processing thus forms the initial basis. When analyzing a sentence syntactically, it is necessary to divide the sentence into components, find obligatory arguments focusing on predicates, identify the sentence core, and understand semantic relations between the arguments and predicates. In this study, the method applied a case frame dictionary based on The Korean Standard Dictionary of The National Institute of the Korean Language; in addition, we used a CRF Model that constructed subcategorization of predicates as featured in Korean Lexical Semantic Network (UWordMap) for semantic role labeling. Automatically tagged semantic roles based on the CRF model, which established the information of words, predicates, the case-frame dictionary and hypernyms of words as features, were used. This method demonstrated higher performance in comparison with the existing method, with accuracy rate of 83.13% as compared to 81.2%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.2655-2663
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• 2011

Several algorithms have been developed to detect AF which rely either on the form of P waves or the based on the time frequency domain analysis of RR variability. However, locating the P wave fiducial point is very difficult because of the low amplitude of the P wave and the corruption by noise. Also, the time frequency domain analysis of RR variability has disadvantage to get the details of irregular RR interval rhythm. In this study, we describe an atrial fibrillation detection algorithm through non-linear analysis of irregular RR interval rhythm based on the variability, randomness and complexity. We employ a new statistical techniques root mean squares of successive differences(RMSSD), turning points ratio(TPR) and sample entropy(SpEn). The detection algorithm was tested using the optimal threshold on two databases, namely the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database and the Arrhythmia Database. We have achieved a high sensitivity(Se:94.5%), specificity(Sp:96.2%) and Se(89.8%), Sp(89.62%) respectively.