• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.146-152
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty, and to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of our series for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elderly. Materials and Methods: We reviewed articles that focused on the treatment options and decision making for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears. In particular, we summarized the reported results of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elderly. Among consecutive patients who had arthroscopic tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in our series, thirty-two patients available for clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 29 months (range, 13-52 months) were enrolled and reviewed for the analysis. Results: At the last follow-up, the range of active forward flexion increased significantly with excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to perform the activities of daily living. However, the group with less than 2 mm in preoperative acromiohumeral distance showed inferior postoperative results. Conclusion: Arthroscopic tuberoplasty may be an alternative option in irreparable massive rotator cuff tears for pain relief and improvement of range of motion. However, good results can not be expected if the acromiohumeral distance is less than 2 mm preoperatively and decreases postoperatively, or when the preoperative range of motion is less than $90^{\circ}$ on flexion and abduction.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.763-771
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• 2009

As the demand on long span structures increases more in recent years, the excessive deflection, in addition to the ultimate strength, in horizontal members becomes a very important issue. For this reason, as an alternative method to effectively solve the deflection problems, the application of post-tensioned structural system with unbonded tendon increases gradually. However, most of the existing researches on post-tensioned members with unbonded tendons (UPT) focused on the ultimate flexural strength, which would be impossible or improper to check serviceability such as deflections. Therefore, this study aims at proposing a stress prediction model for unbonded tendons that is applicable to the behavior of UPT members from the very initial loading stages, post-cracking states, and service to ultimate conditions. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed model were also evaluated comparing to the existing test results from literature. Based on such comparison results, it was verified that the proposed model provided very good predictions on tendon stresses of UPT members at various loading stages regardless their different characteristics; wide range of reinforcement index, different loading patterns, and etc. The proposed model especially well considered the effect of various loading types on stress increases of unbonded tendons, and it was also very suitable to apply on the over-reinforced members that easily happened during strengthening/repairing work.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 2017

Smart sensing plays a key role in a variety of IoT applications, and its importance is growing more and more together with the development of artificial intelligence. Therefore the importance of smart sensors cannot be overemphasized. However, most studies related to smart sensors have been focusing on specific application purposes, for example, security, energy saving, monitoring, and there are not much effort on researches on how to efficiently configure various types of smart sensors to be needed in the future. In this paper, a component-based framework with hierarchical structure for efficient construction of smart sensor is proposed and its application to smart home is designed and implemented. The proposed method shows that various types of smart sensors to be appeared in the near future can be configured through the design and development of necessary components within the proposed software framework. In addition, since it has a layered architecture, the configuration of the smart sensor can be expanded by inserting the internal or external layers. In particular, it is possible to independently design the internal and external modules when designing an IoT application service through connection with the external device layer. A small-scale smart home system is designed and implemented using the proposed method, and a home cloud operating as an external layer, is further designed to accommodate and manage multiple smart homes. By developing and thus adding the components of each layer, it will be possible to efficiently extend the range of applications such as smart cars, smart buildings, smart factories an so on.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.3 s.95
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• pp.206-214
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• 2001

Water quality and Pollution state of Lake Chungcho were evaluated during three years from 1998 to 2000. We surveyed physicochemical parameters, and TSI (trophic state index) was calculated using TP, Chl. a, and SD (secchi disc transparency) data of growing season average. Water samples were collected bimonthly except freezing season. During the study period, total annual precipitation in 1998, 1999 and 2000 year was 1,797,1,722 and 1,345 mm, respectively. Salinity and conductivity were high($29.3{\pm}5.5\;ppt$, and $45,105{\pm}7,585\;{\mu}S/cm$) then other lagoons in the Eastern Coast of Korea. Chemocline was formed by salinity at $0.5{\sim}1.5\;m$ water depth. As a result of this, DO concentration of hypolimnion was below $3.0\;mgO_2/L$. Especially, when intense chemocline was formed, temperature of hypolimnion was higher than epilimnion. Secchi disc transparency, chlorophyll a, and COD were $1.8{\pm}0.3\;m$, $15.7{\pm}20.7\;mg/m^3$, and $3.1{\pm}0.8\;mgO_2/L$, respectively. Most of TN/TP ratios below 20, but concentration of TN and TP was high. Values of TSI ranged between 59 and 77, indicating a eutrophic condition in this system.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2006

A survey was conducted of 1,390 citizens of Cheongju city', asking them to select 10 foods that they think are most suitable as local among 89 already- recognized local foods. The data were then analyzed by age, gender, and vocation. The results classified by sex showed that for males, first place was marsh snail soup (282), second, acorn jelly soup (174), third, bean noodle (164), and fourth, three-tiered pork and Haejang soup (158). In females, marsh snail was in first place (520), second, acorn jelly soup (322), third, bean noodle (272), fourth, three-tiered pork (271), and fifth, Haejang soup (262). Combining the results of males and females showed first place was marsh snail soup (802), second, acorn jelly soup (496), third, bean noodle (436), fourth, three-tiered pork (429), fifth, Haejang soup (420), sixth, wild plant mixture rice (323), seventh, Boshin broth (322), and eighth, minced chicken soup (321). The classification by vocation of males and females showed that fewer housewives chose three-tiered pork, while fewer clerks chose less wild plant mixture rice. Instead, housewives and clerks chose more Boshin broth and minced-chicken soup, which other males chose less. However, it is unreasonable to select wild plant mixture rice, bean noodle, or Boshin broth as the favorite local food since these can be eaten or collected only during the summer season.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2001

Human being has extensively invaded, occupied, and used the natural environment as a consequence of the advance of civilization. Mankind has increasingly modified the environment for his own benefit. Such modification has not only caused the extinction of many other species but also, caused human being himself to confront to serious environmental problems. The recognition of this fact by human is expressed in the establishment and development of restoration ecology. This new study fold is, in fact, an "Eco-technology" directed towards healing of damages to the environment. The goal is to reestablish processes and functions in a damaged site, imitating the way of healing works that an integral natural system carries out. Ecological restoration uses different treatments and approaches according to extents of the existing damage and to the specific goal to be achieved. An ecological diagnosis is, therefore, required prior to restoration practice. The cost and efforts to achieve a proposed goal can be significantly reduced when a restoration plan is formulated upon the results of well-conducted ecological diagnosis. Under such perspectives, restoration ecology is a practical science, which aims to solve the problems of the real world based on the existing ecological principle. Furthermore, restoration ecology offers opportunities to test the ecological concepts and theories obtained by means of the former ecological studies. Human being exploited natural environment excessively for his comfort on one hand but damaged it inevitably on the other hand. Such intensive resource utilization and continuous environmental damaging will extend into the future and ultimately jeopardize the survival of humankind if no prompt action is taken. In the present situation, we must not continue such lives without any preparation. We have to cope with the environmental crises approaching near us by pursuing the ecological restoration that reduce the unnecessary use, recruit the deficient part, and strengthen the weak portion in our environment. Restoration ecology could be recognized as the ecology for the future in such viewpoints.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.215-223
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• 2015

Recently, in OECD countries, youth unemployment has become one of the most serious problems in society. Entrepreneurship creates innovative new companies that create more jobs than big traditional companies. In addition, entrepreneurship develops creative human resources leading to fertile ground for new technology and business innovation. Recently, regulatory theory has drawn a lot of attention and interest in the literature of psychology and marketing management. However, the theory has not been applied to the study of entrepreneurship. In this article, we try to examine the relationship among regulatory focus, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial intentions of korean college students who show their interests in entrepreneurship. From our empirical study, we find the followings. First, promotion focus thriving on optimism, taking risks, and trying new actively affect positively on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Second, prevention focus concentrating on security, fulfilling responsibilities and maintaining efficiency does not always affect negatively on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. In other words, prevention-focused students do not always have bad impression on entrepreneurship and may consider entrepreneurship as viable career path similar to average college students. Third, our empirical findings are consistent with previous studies that entrepreneurial intention is positively affected by entrepreneurial orientation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2017

This study analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the temporal changes of the bird populations during the every January from 1999 to 2016 (18 years) in Donglim reservoir. 'Winter Waterbird Census of Korea' data by National Institute of Biological Resources were used for the bird population data, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the changes of annual population. The average temperature of January and the average storage rate of the reservoir were used as environmental factors. According to the results of the study, the population changes in the study area can be explained by the increase and decrease of two water bird groups and a mountain bird group. The average temperature of the years when the population of water bird groups increased was more than $1.4^{\circ}C$ in comparison with the year when mountain birds increased. On the other hand, the influence of the water content was not clear. The visiting of Baikal Teal affected by temperature was a factor affecting the other group of water bird and a mountain bird group. The results of this study suggest that the temperature change affects the global spatial distribution of birds and the migration of large population species such as Baikal Teal affects species composition and populations of birds at local scale. Therefore, understanding of environmental changes at large scale and spatial distribution of species and flock contributes to understand the temporal variation of the bird population at regional or local scales.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of weight loss and the change of serum lipids composition for normal and obese women after sprout raw grains and vegetables diet intake. Diet were given to the subjects which were composed of 11 normal women and 7 obese women for 4 weeks. After diet intake, 4.6% in normal group and 3.5% in obese group were shown weight loss. And the both groups of normal and obese women showed a significant reduction in the thickness of subcutaneous fat and the body girth. Particularly, the waist measure was shown to be remarkably reduced in the normal group (p< 0.0001) and to be reduced in the obese group (p<0.017) significantly. After diet intake. the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced in both groups significantly. And in the obese women, HDL-cholesterol level increased 5.7%. As those results, it could be seen that weight and the thickness of subcutaneous fat were reduced and the component of blood serum were improved after diet intake for 4 weeks. Specially, abdomen, waist measures and hip girth were reduced remarkably, so it is considered that the diet is more effective in the diet therapy of obese women with upper obese status.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.189-217
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• 2009

Unlike Sijo researchers' wishes, there is no enough place for Sijo in school education. Its falling tendency has caused the crisis of literature. Literature is not only an act of making a human life become itself humanly but also the most effective way for communicating with all around the world. Especially, Sijo is an important genre for four reasons: (1)understanding about the traditional sentiment, ideology (thoughts), and way of life of a people, (2) including the wisdom to help us live in reality, (3)having a set pattern (standard) which is an important element to develop the language culture, (4)letting us know about the root of the racial literature. These peculiar characteristics of Sijo are the machinery and materials that can elevate the self-identity of teenager who has been undergoing emotional and psychological instability. Therefore, Sijo education should be done to draw a 'clear-map' by using the following order: to understand of Sijo and apply the subjective experience, imagination, and pre-understanding of a learner to it - to understand the embodied world in Sijo in the concrete and experience the basic manner about the way of putting the world into shape - to express the learner's idea and feeling freely and positively - the expression activity focused on their critical thinking - an appreciation expression stressed on the learner's activity to elevate the self-identity.