• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The primary purpose of a TKA is to restore normal knee function Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from climbing stairs; (b) provide adequate knee joint stability. A 16-channel MyoResearch XP EMG system was used to collect the differential input surface electromyography signals VM, VL, RF, BF, ST during climbing/descending stair tests. A Peak Motion Measurement System was used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data. AKIN-COM Ill isokinetic dynamometer was used for EMG of VM, VL, RF, BF and ST during maximal voluntary contraction. I Quadriceps EMG results for the VM of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated significant less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb $60^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The VL of the passed 1year group limb also demonstrated significants less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-45^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). Similar to the VM and VL, the RF of the passed 1year group limb showed less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-30^{\circ}$ do knee flexion(p<0.05). Hamstring EMG results for the BF of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $75^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The passed 1year group limb tended to have less ADD displacement(p<0.071) than that of the passed 3year group limb. There was no significant difference of the ABD displacement between the passed 1year group and the passed 3year group limbs(p<0.73). The passed 3year group used compensatory adaptation movement strategies to compensate for the strength deficit of passed 3year group limbs. The passed 3year group limb also increased the quadriceps muscle activation level to produce more knee extension moment to compensate for the short quadriceps moment arm. The passe 3year group limb might have an unstable knee joint in the medio-Iateral direction during the climbing/descending by showing a tendency of more ADD displacement and greater hamming co-activation EMG than the passed 1year group limbs. The TKA design was not able to help the knee joint to produce adequate knee extension moment with less quadriceps muscle effort. I think that old man needs continuous exercise for muscle strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether light-emitting diodes (LED) irradiation could be effective in a noninvasive, therapeutic device for the treatment of osteoarthritis(OA). METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Vehicle control (saline); monosodium iodoacetate-injection (MIA); LED irradiation after MIA injection (MIA-LED); indomethacin-treatment after MIA injection (MIA-IMT). OA was induced by intra-articular injection of 3 mg MIA through the patellar ligament of the right knee. Vehicle control rats were injected with an equivalent volume of saline. The LED was irradiated for 15 min/day for a week after 7 days of MIA treatment. To compare with the effect of LED irradiation, the indomethacin was administrated 20 mg/kg twice a week orally after 7 days of MIA treatment. Knee joints were removed and fixed overnight in 10% neutral buffered formalin and decalcified by EDTA for 2 week before being embedded in paraffin. The assessment of OA induction were monitored by knee movement and radiographic finding. Histologic analysis were performed following staining with hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O-fast green, or toluidine blue, picrosirius red, and histologic changes were scored according to a modified Mankin system. Apoptotic cell in tissue sections was detected using TUNEL method. RESULTS: Radiographic examination could not show the differences between the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats. In the histologic analysis, however, LED irradiation prevented cartilage damage and subchondral bone destruction, and significantly reduced mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and pannus formation. LED irradiation also reduced apoptosis of cartilage cells, but it prevented apoptosis of infiltrated inflammatory cells in synovium. In addition, LED irradiation showed an increase of collagen production in the meniscus. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the 840 nm LED irradiation would be a suitable non-thermal phototherapy for the treatment of OA, as a cartilage protection and anti-inflammatory modality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2001

Objectives : To assess the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis through proper diagnosis in a rural community and to elucidate the relevant factors of this health problem in order to develop educational methods for the prevention of female knee osteoarthritis as well to provide basic data for prospective research. Methods : Over a period of three months starting from August, 2000, 432 women over the age of 40 and living in a rural area were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method in order to investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and the related factors. The study utilized interviews and radiological examination. The criteria of knee osteoarthritis used was the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee(1995). Results : The adjusted prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among the subjects was 55.0%, and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio(OR) of knee osteoarthritis among subjects 50-59 years of age and subjects older than 60 years of age as compared to subjects 40-49 years of age were 2.43(95% CI: 1.30-4.70) and 4.40(95% CI: 2.47-7.83), respectively. The OR of knee osteoarthritis among factory workers or farmers as compared to others was 1.79(95% CI: 1.03-3.12). The OR of knee osteoarthritis among subjects who had a family history and subjects who had knee injury or surgical history against those subjects had neither were 2.56(95% CI: 1.42-4.03) and 4.70(95% CI:1.45-15.19), respectively. The OR of knee osteoarthritis among smokers against non smokers was 0.47(95% CI: 0.22-0.97). Conclusions : Related factors of knee osteoarthritis included age, occupation, family history, smoking, knee injury and history of surgery In order to prevent knee osteoarthritis in high risked rural woman, education concerning self-care methods and safety guideline must be provided at the work place by the public and private health sectors. Additionally, these women should be continually encouraged to exercise, including jogging and swimming regularly.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of McConnell taping and Kinesio taping on pain and lower extremity joint angles when patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) ascend stairs. Methods: Fifty young adults who were experiencing anterior knee pain due to PFPS were selected as participants. Then, 25 patients were randomly assigned to the McConnell taping group and 25 to the Kinesio taping group. Pain and lower extremity joint angle were measured while ascending stairs before and after the intervention. A paired t-test was performed to evaluate the amount of change in the parameter values after the intervention within the groups, and an independent t-test was used to compare the results of the groups. Results: In the within-group comparisons, a statistically significant difference was found in both groups between the anterior knee pain scale scores recorded before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was also found between the groups (p < 0.05). Comparison of the lower extremity joint angles at initial contact, loading response, terminal stance, and pre-swing within the groups showed that there were statistically significant differences in the hip, knee flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, and dorsiflexion angles in both the McConnell and Kinesio taping groups (p < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in all angles between the groups during the following events (p < 0.05): (1) at initial contact, (2) at loading response (except hip flexion angle), (3) at terminal stance (except hip flexion and lateral rotation angles), and (4) at pre-swing (except hip, knee abduction, and inversion angles). Conclusion: McConnell taping and Kinesio taping both effectively improved the occurrence of knee pain and the lower extremity joint angles during stair ascent in patients with PFPS. However, McConnell taping had a significant impact on pain reduction and lower extremity joint angles compared to Kinesio taping.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.749-757
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stability on one leg standing posture in yoga practice. Thirteen women college student who have never done yoga participated in this study. In order to collect data before and after yoga practicing for two years, we were used 3D motion capture system and electromyography. The results were as follows. First, ranges of motions for Y axis of left knee joint and X axis of right ankle joint were significantly different in dancer posture(p<.05), and then X axis of right ankle and Y axis of left ankle joint were significantly different in tree posture of pre and post training. Second, the planar alignment angle of trunk-pelvis was not significant difference in dancer and tree posture. Third, CoM-distances of Y, Z directions were significant difference in the tree posture(p<.05). Fourth, Muscle activities of both rectus abdominis, erector spinae and left quadriceps were significant difference in tree posture(p<.05). These findings suggested that yoga training played important roles in stable postures as results of decreasing rotation ankle joint and movement of CoM and enforcing core muscles. This study provides evidence for effectiveness of the stability on standing posture and can get a great effect on posture correction by means of yoga training. Hereafter, study on alignment angle, which is a measurement of postural stabilization will be needed by future yoga training.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.259-273
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• 2009

Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program applying HSEP(Home Support Exercise Program) on physical balance and gait, leg strength, fear of falling and falls efficacy of the community-dwelling elderly. Method: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 20 subjects in the experimental group and 21 in the control group. The fall prevention program consists of HSEP and fall related education. The intervention was performed for once a week in the senior citizen center and twice a week at home for 8 weeks. Results: There were significant differences in physical balance and gait, leg strength(hip extensor, hip flexor, knee flexor, ankle plantarflexor, ankle dorsiflexor) and falls efficacy between the experimental group and control group. Conclusion : The fall prevention program applying HSEP used in this study was very effective in increasing physical balance and gait, leg strength and falls efficacy. Finally this study would recommended that a fall prevention program applying HSEP should be extended to community facilities such as elderly welfare center and nursing home.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.582-596
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• 2022

To accurately interpret knee MRI, it is important not only to know the basic meniscal anatomy but also to distinguish it from that under pathological conditions. Thus, it would be helpful to know the normal meniscus variants (false positives) that could be mistaken for meniscal tears, and tears that could easily be missed and incorrectly diagnosed as normal (false negatives). False positives include synovial recesses, meniscal flounce, the relationship between the popliteus tendon and lateral meniscus, transverse ligament, the anterior root of the meniscus, and meniscofemoral ligament. False negatives include focal radial tears, flap tears, posterior root tears, meniscocapsular separation, and discoid meniscal tears. In this pictorial essay, we reviewed the imaging data obtained in the aforementioned cases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.455-459
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• 2012

Nine dogs presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University and Woosung Animal Hospital with a history of pelvic limb lameness. On physical examination, 9 dogs all showed a consistent weight bearing lameness and mild muscle atrophy. There was cranial drawer sign with pain in 9 dogs. Mediolateral radiographic projection revealed cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity in a tibial compression view. The right and left stifle joints were affected in 7 dogs and 2 dogs respectively. TightRope cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) technique for treatment of CCL deficiency was performed. Polyester and nylon were used to stabilize the stifle in 3 dogs and 6 dogs respectively. Suture sizes were 0.8 mm (n = 2), 0.9 mm (n = 4), 1.1 mm (n = 2), and $1.1mm{\times}2$ strands (n = 1) in diameter. Mean (${\pm}SD$) surgical duration was $48.3{\pm}8.5$ minutes (range 35 to 60 minutes). Preoperative and postoperative mean (${\pm}SD$) cranial drawer signs were $8.6{\pm}1.6$ mm (rage 7 to 12 mm) and $1.2{\pm}1.0$ mm (rage 0 to 3 mm) respectively. Immediate postoperative radiographs of the affected limb revealed no evidence of cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity in a tibial compression view of 9 dogs. Normal limb function was regained in 8 dogs within 8 weeks postoperatively. A consistent weight bearing lameness resolved in all dogs after TightRope CCL technique, but reoccurred in one dog (case No. 6) 2 weeks after surgery. Cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity was identified in a tibial compression test. During the second surgery, breakage of surgical button was identified and a tibial wedge osteotomy was performed. Based on surgical time, complication, stifle stability, and functional recovery, the present study indicated that TightRope CCL technique is effective treatment for the dogs with CCL deficiency.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

Purpose : Internal tibial torsion is prevalent in East Asian countries such as Korea and Japan, where sitting on the floor is common behavior. Internal tibial torsion or excessive lateral tibial torsion may cause esthetical, functional, or psychological problems and also may induce degenerative arthritis in older age. The purpose of this study is to measure the tibial torsion in children of the Jeju area. Methods : Tibial torsion was measured in 1,042 lower extremities of 521 children from one to 12 years of age. The values of transmalleolar angles were analyzed for each age group divided by 6 months. Quadratic and linear regression models were used to fit patterns of changes in mean values of transmalleolar angles. The age at seven, which provides the highest coefficient of determination for quadratic regression analysis, was used as a cut-off point to fit different statistical models. Results : The mean transmalleolar angle was $0.10{\pm}5.79^{\circ}$ in all children,$ 0.90{\pm}5.49^{\circ}$ in males, and $-0.80{\pm}5.97^{\circ}$ in females. The value was $4.25{\pm}4.04$ in 1 year of age, gradually decreased to the lowest level of $-1.98^{\circ}$ in four years and seven months of age, increased again with age until it reached $0.67{\pm}1.10^{\circ}$ at seven years of age, and stayed at that level thereafter. Conclusion : Internal tibial torsion in infancy is known to correct spontaneously in the normal developing process. But in this study, the mean transmalleolar angle in children of Jeju area annually decreased after one year of age; to the lowest angle at four years and seven months of age; increased again gradually to the age of seven; and persisted in that level, about $10^{\circ}$ less than western children, not correcting further thereafter. These findings suggest tibial torsion might be caused by lifestyle, especially sitting on feet. To prevent abnormalities of joints and gaits, early diagnosis of tibial torsion in childhood and posture correction or early treatment when needed, seems to be necessary.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: With advances in various treatment modalities, limb salvage surgery has been commonly used in osteosarcoma of extremities. An alternative method for skeletal reconstruction is reimplantation of the tumor bearing bone following extracorporeal irradiation (ECI). We report the long-term results of ECI autograft in aspect of the oncological and functional outcomes, and complications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 31 osteosarcoma patients who underwent reconstruction with ECI between July 1995 and January 2006. There were 24 males and 7 females with a mean age of 24 (7-74 years) and a mean follow-up of 117 months (17-177 months). Twenty-five cases were reconstructed with ECI autograft, 6 cases with ECI autograft-prosthesis composite. The pathologic subtypes were conventional in 29 cases, periosteal in 1 case, and parosteal in 1 case. The most common location of tumor was distal femur (15 cases) followed by humerus (3), proximal fibula (3) and proximal tibia (3). Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was used for functional evaluation. The overall survival rate, local recurrence, complications were analyzed. Results: The overall survival rate was 80.6% and the disease-free survival rate was 64.5%. Five patients died of distant metastasis. One patient required above-knee amputation due to local recurrence. All of them, twenty-three complications occurred, which included nonunion in 7 cases, deep infection in 5 cases, joint instability in 4 cases, metal failure in 2 cases, Limb-length discrepancy (LLD) in 2 cases, periprosthetic fracture in 1 case, epiphyseal collapse in 1, local recurrence in 1 case. The mean MSTS functional score was 62.5%. Conclusion: Extracorporeal irradiated autograft can be achieved relatively good result in aspect of oncological and functional aspect, but is needed to be additional research about occurring many complications. The reconstruction with ECI after intercalary or fragmentary resection is effective reconstruction in aspect of oncological and functional result, complications.