• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of CMS (Condensed Molasses Soluble, a by-product generated from molasses during the lysine production) on the nutrient uptake, growth and yield of rice. The nitrogen uptake of rice was found to be higher in CMS treatments compared to the control treatment during the growth period. The leaf color index, height of the plants and number of tillers were increased by the application of CMS. Rice yield was highest in ($7,070kg\;ha^{-1}$) and an increase of 21% was observed in 0.3% CMS treated plots compared untreated control ($3,000kg\;ha^{-1}$). The protein content of unpolished rice increased from 4 to 28% due to the effect of CMS, while Toyo palatability score decreased. Though a decrease in pH and an increase in EC values were observed with CMS application, this phenomenon did not affect the growth and yield of rice in paddy field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1976

Marine deposite soil was studied to evaluate morohological changes of paddy rice under subdrainage control. The content of organic and inorganic mate rial were low at high temperature in the mid-summer. This soil lacked air and accumulated more H$_2$ S. Thus rice root was rotted with high infection of virus and insect and yield was relatively low.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.21-31
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to analyze trends of temporal water quality and trophic state in Andong and Imha reservoirs using chemical dataset during 1993 ${\sim}$ 2004, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. According to long-term limnological analyses, Suspended solids (SS) in Imha Reservoir were 2 ${\sim}$ 8 fold2 greater, than those in SS of Andong Reservoir, and the high solids increased total phosphorus (TP) and biological oxygen demand ($BOD_5$) and decreased the transparency, measured as Secchi depth (SD). Chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) increased little or decreased slightly in the both reservoirs during the high solids, resulting in reduced yields of CHL-a : TP ratios. The deviation analysis of Trophic State Index (TSI) in Imha Reservoir showed that about 70% of TSI (CHL-a)-TSI (SD) and TSI (CHL-a)-TSI(TP) values were less than zero and the lowest values were-60, indicating that influence of inorganic solids (or non-volatile solids) on phytoplankton growth was evident in Imha Reservoir and the impact was greater than that of Andong Reservoir. Inorganic solids in Imha Reservoir resulted in light limitation on phytoplankton growth and thus contributed variations in the relations among three parameters of trophic state index. Especially, seasonal data analysis of nutrients in both reservoirs showed that during the postmonsoon, mean TP concentration was Imha Reservoir greater in than that in Andong Reservoir. The higher TP concentrantion was mainly attributed to increases of inorganic solids from soil erosions and nonpoint source inputs within the watershed. The high inorganic turbidity in Imha Reservoir should be reduced for the conservation of water quality for, especially a tap water supply.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of boron application(B$_{0}$; 0.0, B$_1$; 0.2, $B_2$;2.0, $B_3$;6.0, $B_3$;6.0, $B_4$;15.0me B/pot) on the forage performance in the pure and mixed swards of orchardgrass and white clover. This 1st part was concerned with the changes in the growth, flowers and flower buds, and roots/nodules of forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At the $B_3$ and $B_4$ treatments, the B toxicity was more seriously in white clover than in orchardgrass in the first half of cutting orders, and reduced in the latter half. In white clover, it was more worsened in a mixture than in a pure culture. It was somewhat reduced at the best growth stage of each forage. 2. In orchardgrass, the B toxicity($B_3$,$ B_4$) showed the chlorosis on leaf tips, shallow leaf, little tillers, and weak stems. Whereas it showed the chlorosis/necrosis on old leaf edge, little and weak stolons in white clover. 3. Comparing with the B deficiency($B_{0}$ , $B_1$) and toxicity($B_3$, $B_4$), the optimum B application($B_2$) influenced markedly good growth of shoot, root, nodule, and flower (flower number, blooming period, early full flower) in white clover. 4. Comparing with orchardgrass, white clover was greatly influenced by the boron application. However, this responses of white clover to boron were reduced in a grass-clover mixture with additional fertilization. It was recognized that the good forage performance in a grass-clover mixture could be regulated by the adequate applications of boron and additional fertilizers.s.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate seasonal and interannual variations of water quality and nutrient input (N, P) in Junam Reservoir, a nesting waterbody of migratory birds, over 10 years during 1998$\sim$2007 along with dynamic relations of trophic parameters using empirical models. Concentrations of COD averaged 7.8 mg $L^{-1}$ during the study, while TN and TP were $1.4\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and $83{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively, indicating an eutrophic-hypereutrophic state. Values of monthly COD had strong positive relations (r=0.669, p<0.001) with conductivity, indicating that summer rainfall resulted in an ionic dilution of the reservoir water by rainwater and contributed better water quality. One-way ANOVA tests showed significant differences (F=$5.2{\sim}12.9$, p<0.05) in TN and TP between the before and after the bird migration. In other words, nutrient levels were greater in the absence of migratory birds than in the presence of the migratory birds, suggesting a no-effect on nutrient inputs by the birds. Also, one-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences (F=$0.37{\sim}0.48$, p>0.05) in $NO_{3^-}N$ and $NH_{3^-}N$ between the before and after the birds migration. Linear empirical models using trophic parameters showed that algal biomass as CHL, had significant low correlations with TN ($R^2$=0.143, p<0.001, n=119) and TP ($R^2$=0.192, p<0.001, n=119). These results suggest that influences of nutrients on the CHL were evident, but the effect was weak. This fact was supported by analysis of Trophic State Index Deviation (TSID). Over 70% in the observed values of "TSI (CHL)-TSI (SD)" and "TSI (CHL)-TSI (TP)" were less than zero, suggesting a light limitation on the CHL by inorganic suspended solids.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.624-630
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• 2010

In order to investigate the effects of continual pre-plant application of liquid pig manure (LPM) on growth and quality of rice in double cropping system of rice and malting barley, the liquid pig manure was applied after harvesting rice and malting barley for 3 years. Field experiment was designed with non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (CF) 100% recommended by soil testing, rice (LPM 50%+CF 50%)+malting barley (CF 100%), rice (LPM 50%+CF 50%)+malting barley (LPM 50%+CF 50%), rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) and rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%). The yield of rice was increased by 13% with increasing culm length and No. of panicle per hill as 482 kg $10a^{-1}$ in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot compare with 427 kg $10a^{-1}$ in rice (CF 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) plot. Whereas, lodging index was high in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot by increasing of internodes length from 3rd to 4th and decreasing of breaking strength. When the quality of milled rice was compare with rice (CF 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) plot, it was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing of rate of perfect grain in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot. The content of amylose was not significant by 19.4~22.0%. Toyo-taste value was not different in LPM 100% and CF 100% plot. Rice could be grown with only liquid pig manure 100%, but considering yield and quality of rice and lodging risk, basal fertilization by LPM 50% and top-dressing by CF 50% application was recommended for rice cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.432-437
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu (MPT) on serum lipids profiles, Ca levels, Ca/P ratio and Pb levels in 30 middle aged obese women living in the Choongnam area. 100 g/day MPT was consumed for 4 weeks. The nutrient contents per 100 g MPT were 86.71 kcal (energy), 8.98 g protein, 0.53 mg fiber, 211.33 mg Ca and 1.59 g fat. Anthropometric measurements, 24 h recall dietary intakes, serum levels of protein, albumin, glucose, Ca and Pb, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol), and the Ca/P ratio were analyzed before and after consumption of MPT. After consumption of MPT, there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, the levels of serum protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, lipase activity, HTR (HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol), CRF (cardiac risk factor), Ca, Ca/P ratio and Pb. There were decreases in the levels of serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, AI (atherogenic index) and LHR (LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol). Significantly increased dietary intakes of plant protein, total Ca, and plant Ca were observed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.265-275
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the nutritional ingredients of drone pupae (16^th to 20^th instar old) to evaluate the value of bee products and provide basic data for product diversification, and the extracts prepared using these pupae were tested for physiological activity. According to the analysis of the general ingredients of the freeze-dried powder of these bee pupae, the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash was 1.69 ± 0.07%, 48.52 ± 0.20%, 23.41 ± 0.14%, and 4.05 ± 0.02%, respectively. Vitamin C and vitamin E were 14.92 ± 0.52 mg/100 g and 6.06 ± 0.11 mg α-TE/100 g, respectively. Regarding minerals, the highest content of K (1349.13 ± 34.57 mg/100 g) and P (1323.55 ± 43.85 mg/100 g) was observed and Ca and Fe were 55.43 ± 1.51 mg/100 g and 5.49 ± 0.19 mg/100 g, respectively. The fatty acids of the water extracted freeze-dried pupae powder accounted for approximately 59.62 of saturated fatty acids and 40.38 of unsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0) was 35.49 ± 0.08 and oleic acid (C18:1, n-9) was 35.91 ± 0.22 (g/100 g total fatty acids). The total amino acid content was 38.99 ± 2.63 g/100 g and the free amino acid was a total of 5129.04 mg/100 g, of which 1257.68 mg/100 g was proline and 759.12 mg/100 g glutamic acid. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the drone pupae extract showed values of 0.8 for distilled water extract, 3.2 for 50% EtOH extract, 6.4 for 70% EtOH extract, and approximately 90% for 32 ㎍/mL for 100% EtOH extract. These results suggest that the main compound contributing to the antioxidant activity is a polar compound, and it is highly likely to be a low-molecular protein or a free amino acid. In conclusion, the honey bee drone pupa is excellent as a food resource and can be utilized as a new functional material for food and functional food.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1200-1206
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was conducted for the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), by comparing the early use of non-invasive nasal CPAP with low intermittent mandatory ventilation(low IMV) and endotracheal CPAP in weaning a mechanical ventilator from infants with moderate respiratory distress syndrome(RDS). Methods : Thirty infants in the study group, with moderate RDS from November 2001 to June 2002, were administered surfactants and treated with the mechanical ventilator, and applied the nasal CPAP in weaning. Thirty infants of the control group, from January 1999 to September 2001, were applied low IMV and endoctracheal CPAP in weaning. Results : There were no significant differences in the characteristics, the severity of clinical symptoms, the initial laboratory findings and settings of the mechanical ventilator. After weaning, the study group showed no significant changes in $PaCO_2$. However, the control group showed a slight $CO_2$ retension after one and 12 hours. Twenty eight infants(93.3%) of the study group and 24 infants(80%) of the control group were successfully extubated. The primary cause of failure was apnea. There were no significant differences in the duration of weaning and the mechanical ventilator treatment between the groups. Complications in weaning were related to the fixation of nasal CPAP and the mechanical problems caused by endotracheal tube. Conclusion : Aggressive weaning is possible for moderate RDS, in which the nasal CPAP was used without the low IMV and the endotracheal CPAP process. It had no difficulties. In conclusion, the nasal CPAP is an adequate weaning method for moderate RDS.