• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 1992

By cation-exchange-reaction long-chain organic cationic tensides can be intercalated in the montmorillonite layer space, and thus intercalations-complexes of montmorillonite with different properties of materials can be obtained. Such intercalations-complexes are finding strong technical appliances in many areas and are also used very often as model-systems for studying behaviors of materials. Therefore in this research intercalations-complexes of montmorillonite with organic cationic tensides ad model-systems were synthesized and their behabiors under various different conditions were studied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.153.1-153
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• 2003

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2004

In this research montmorillonite intercalations complexes as organophilic clay compounds which have very different properties as the starting clay mineral were synthesized by the substitution of metal ions which exist in the montmorillonite layers with the organic cations which have long alkyl chain by the cation exchange reaction. Thereafter the obtained products dried in high vacuum were treated with the various swelling liquids such as dist. water, methanol, acetone, ether and acetonitrile in order to know the swelling behaviour of the synthesized complexes. Especially for this research Korean and Turkish clays were selected to compare the intercalations complexes of both clays and their swelling behaviour.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.192-202
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• 1998

We investigated the geochemistry and environmental isotopes of granite-bedrock groundwater in the Yeongcheon diversion tunnel which is located about 300 m below the land surface. The hydrochemistry of groundwaters belongs to the Ca-HCO$_3$type, and is controlled by flow systems and water-rock interaction in the flow conduits (fractures). The deuterium and oxygen-18 data are clustered along the meteoric water line, indicating that the groundwater are commonly of meteoric water origin and are not affected by secondary isotope effects such as evaporation and isotope exchange. Tritium data show that the groundwaters were mostly recharged before pre-thermonuclear period and have been mixed with younger surface water flowing down rapidly into the tunnel along fractured zones. Based on the mass balance and reaction simulation approaches, using both the hydrochemistry of groundwater and the secondary mineralogy of fracture-filling materials, we have modeled the low-temperature hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the area. The results of geochemical simulation show that the concentrations of Ca$\^$2＋/, Na$\^$＋/ and HCO$_3$and pH of waters increase progressively owing to the dissolution of reactive minerals in flow paths. The concentrations of Mg$\^$2＋/ and K$\^$＋/ frist increase with the dissolution, but later decrease when montmorillonite and illitic material are precipitated respectively. The continuous adding of reactive minerals, namely the progressively larger degrees of water/rock interaction, causes the formation of secondary minerals with the following sequence: first hematite, then gibbsite, then kaolinite, then montmorillonite, then illtic material, and finally microcline. During the simulation all the gibbsite is consumed, kaolinite precipitates and then the continuous reaction converts the kaolinite to montmorillonite and illitic material. The reaction simulation results agree well with the observed, water chemistry and secondary mineralogy, indicating the successful applicability of this simulation technique to delineate the complex hydrogeochemistry of bedrock groundwaters.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.11 s.188
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• pp.103-107
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• 2006

It is well-known that the mechanical properties of MMT(montmorillonite) nanocomposites are better than those of conventional composites. In this study, tensile tests were performed to determine the effect of silane modification of MMT and its weight ratio on the tensile properties of MMT/epoxy nanocomposites. It was found that the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of MMT/epoxy nanocomposites increased with increasing weight ratio of MMT. The elastic modulus of silane-modified MMT/epoxy nanocomposites was higher than that of untreated MMT/epoxy nanocomposites, irrespective of weight ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

In this research, the organic tenside R11OSO3- with long alkyl-chain was synthesized, and the intercalationscomplexes fo montmorillonite were formed by the substitution of metallic cation in the montmorilonite by the synthesized organic tenside in following two methods, and the behaviors of the tenside R11OSO3- in the interlamellar space of montmorillonite were studied udner various conditions: 1) In order to protonize the sulfate group of R11OSO3-, the H3O-Montomorillonite, which acts as acid, was synthesized. And then, the organic tenside was intercalated in the interlamellar space of this H3O-Montomorillonite. And thus, the intercalations-complex of R11S-H3O-Montomorillonite was formed. The basal spacing obtained was about 33.84$\AA$. 2) The betaine compound R11OSO3- as a neutral molecule was direct intercalated in the interlamellar space of Na-Montmorillonite under water, and the intercalations-complexes of R11S-H2O-Montmorillonite was synthesized. In this case, the based spacing of bout 23.62$\AA$ was obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.431-437
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 양이온 교환반응에 의해 Na-Mont와 R$_{11}$SO$_4$로부터 R$_{11}$SO$_4$-Mont 층간화합물을 합성한 후, 이 R$_{11}$SO$_4$-Mont 층간화합물을 다시 제 4차 유기 양이온인 (Et)$_4$N$^{+}$ 이온 및 (Bu)$_4$N$^{+}$ 이온과 반응시켜 그 거동을 살펴보았다. R$_{11}$SO$_4$-Mont를 (Et)$_4$N$^{+}$이온과 반응시켰을 대보다 (Bu)$_4$N$^{+}$ 이온과 반응시킨 경우에 좀 더 큰 층간거리가 얻어졌다. R$_{11}$SO$_4$-Mont를 (Et)$_4$N$^{+}$이온 및 (Bu)$_4$N$^{+}$과 반응시켜 얻은 층간화합물을 다시 아세토니트릴, 에탄올 및 디옥산과 팽윤반응을 수행한 결과 층간거리가 확장되었으나, 이는 Na-Mont를 R$_{11}$SO$_4$와 48시간 교환 반응시킨 후에 교환용액 하에서 얻은 R$_{11}$SO$_4$-Mont의 층간거리에 불과했다. 원소분석결과, R$_{11}$SO$_4$-Mont와 (Bu)$_4$N$^{+}$를 반응시킬 경우 반응이 반응식 b에 의거 진행되고, (Bu)$_4$N-Mont를 R$_{11}$SO$_4$와 반응시킬 경우에는 반응식 c에 의거 진행됨을 예측할 수 있었다.의거 진행됨을 예측할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06b
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• pp.223-237
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• 1996

플라스틱재료의 강도, 인성, 경직성, 탄성 등과 같은 기계적 특성을 개선시켜 주기 위해 kaoline, talc, sand, quartz 등과 같은 규산염을 첨가하여 복합재료를 만들고자 하는 연구가 상당히 활발하다. 이와 같이 다양한 규산염이 복합재료의 강화재 또는 첨가제로 사용되는 반면에, 규산염가운데 공업적으로 이용도가 가장 높은 montmorillonite는 아직도 복합재료의 강화재로 폭 넓게 이용되고 있지 못한 실정이다. 이론적으로 볼 때, 높은 분자량을 지니는 무기고분자 (예; inorganic montmorillonite)와 유기고분자 (organic polymer)를 gkadbk는 실질적인 무기-유기 결합물질의 생성이 가능할 수 있으며, 이에 대한 연구 또한 시도되고 있다. 이렇게 해서 얻게 되는 무기-유기 복합체, 즉 montmorillonite로 강화된 플라스틱 복합재료 bumper를 사용함으로써 접촉 또는 충돌시 충격완화의 효과를 가져 올 수 있어 안정성이 좋아지고, 내파괴성이 높기 때문에 비강화 플라스틱재료보다 더 오래 사용할 수 있으므로 경제성이 좋을 뿐만 아니라, 폐품의 감소로 인해 환경보호에도 일익을 담당할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 montmorillonite강화 플라스틱 복합체를 얻기 위해 우선 무기-유기 고분자물질의 형성이 가능한가를 조사분석하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 amontmorillonite의 층사이에서 화학반응이 수행될 수 있는 충분한 공간을 얻고자 Na-Montmorillonite 층사이의 Na+-이온을 긴 알킬사슬을 취하는 유기 양이온으로 치환시켜 주었다; 이렇게 해서 얻은 유기양이온-몬트모릴로나이트 층간화합물 (Organic cation-Montmorillonite Intercalations-complex)내에 유기 단분자 (organic monomer)를 추가적으로 삽입시킨 후, montmorilonite의 층내에서 증합반응시켜 고분자화해 줌으로써 무기고분자와 유기고분자가 서로 결합된 무기-유기고분자 결합물질을 형성하고자 하였다. X-선 및 IR-분석결과 층내에서의 유기단분자의 고분자화 반응이 성공적으로 이루어 졌음이 입증되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2004

Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of pottery bodies can be controlled via chemical substitution of layered clay with hydrophilic and hydrophobic organics. In this study, organo-clay nanocomposites were prepared by ion-exchange of montmorillonite with dodecylamine and hexadecylamine, respectively. Substitution sites of organics and the interval changes of layered materials are characterized by FT-IR and WAXD and organics amounts loaded and water comtents contained by C/S analysis and TG-DSC. The organics were selectively intercalated so that increase layer interval from 12${\AA}\; to\;16{\AA}$. Organo-modified clay is changed to more hydrophobic comparing to clay itself.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2002

In this research, the cation-exchange-reactions between Na-Montmorillonite and betaine compound, $R_{11}SO_4$, with acid group at the end of alkyl chain were performed under the general condition with dist. water including $CO_2$ and under the different pH-conditions with dist. water without $CO_2$, and their behaviors were observed. As results the exchange reaction under the general condition was perfectly finished after 49 h exchange time, and the basal spacings obtained under the exchange solution and after washing with methanol and drying in high vacuum were 23.6, 17.1 and $15.0\AA$, respectively. The basal spacings obtained under pH-exchange solution after exchange time under different pH-values lied between about 24.7 and $25.6\AA$ independently of the pH-values, and those measured after drying on the air and in high vacuum were about $20.0\AA$ and $13.8~14.4\AA$, respectively.