• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4992-4998
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate that which Goon office buildings were reused from existing buildings and to identify remodeling and extension ways of the reused to match Goon's administration work. This study used literature research method, i.e., analysing the digital images, the annotation, and the official documents between the Japanese government-general of Korea and To(道), and articles of newspapers and journals. The reused were governmental offices of Joseon(朝鮮) dynasty, existing Goon office buildings of Korean empire government and old buildings with unknown purposes. They were remodelled and extended to match Goon's administration work. Common remodelling was making large space with desks for civil petitions and projecting an small entrance from the center of main building's facade. Common extension was constructing accessory buildings with simple wooden structure, locating them to back or side of the reused, and connecting them through external corridor. As many as 30% of 218 Goon office buildings were reused. About 57% of them were replaced as new office buildings, however the number of the new was rapidly decreased after mid 1930s.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.22-47
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• 2014

This study was to understand the basic principles of the East Asian wooden structure system research and analysis. The Korea and China ancient architecture internal structure research that the combination of girders and crossbeams position. The ancient wooden structures of eastern Asian countries, Korea and China are not much different from each other in the principles of the wooden architecture structure, combining pillars, purlins and crossbeams. However, it seems that age-division, local-division, national-division differs in detail techniques. China ancient wooden structures combination of purlin and crossbeam, and So-seul Timber(Chinese name: Chashou叉手, Tuojiao 托脚) seems to show differences according to the age of the fulcrum position, detailed approach is also different according to various historical dynasty. Before in the 15th century, Purlin and Crossbeam are coupled to each other, but since the 15th century, seems to have developed a technique combined with each other Girder and Crossbeam and to prevent buckling of the Crossbeam cross-sectional area increased dramatically. For Tuojiao in China Tang-Wudai dynasty(A.D. 618~979), can see that saw the top position Girder and Tuojiao no direct coupling, can be seen as maintaining the safety of the material than the material of the inner wooden structures prevent buckling of the purlin. Korea ancient wooden structures of Goryeo dynasty(A.D. 918~1391), So-seul Timber(Chinese name Tuojiao) why do not to use the fashion? To use Purlin Lower backing material techniques to prevent buckling is a popular trend to stable can be thought of as a preferred way to maintain. I think that with universality beyond the local-division, national-division and the two countries since the 15th century of Korea and China ancient wooden structures detailed mechanism for the purlin buckling. In middle-late Chosen dynasty, The effect of Deotgeolyi- techniques and fleeting beams reduce the purlin buckling that reduces the load transmitted from purlin and crossbeam of how to reduce the load on the roof portion of the architecture fleeting beams used, which of craftsmanship of the Chosen Dynasty building can be referred to as another technique for preventing buckling purlin. This Korea and China ancient architecture purlin beam structure and material So-seul Timber study. Seems to be able to provide a basic research study to restore and designed the old wooden architectures.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.188-197
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• 2020

Termites play an important role as decomposers of the forest ecosystem, while simultaneously causing enormous damage to wooden structures. Currently, two species of subterranean termites have been reported in Korea, and termite damage to historical wooden buildings is occurring nationwide due to climate change, forest fertility, and the locational characteristics of historical wooden buildings. Subterranean termites make their nests underground or inside timber. Termites move underground and access wooden structures through the lower parts of the buildings, adjacent to the ground. Once termites attack the wooden structures, it not only spoils the authenticity of cultural heritage structure, but also hampers structural stability due to the decrease in the strength of the material. Therefore, it is important to prevent termite damage before it occurs. Chemical treatments are mainly used in Korea to control and prevent the damage. In foreign countries, physical barriers are also used to prevent entry to wooden buildings, along with chemical treatments. Physical barriers involve installing nets or particles that termites cannot pass through in the lower part of the building, around the pipes, and between the edges of the building or exterior walls and interior materials. Advantages of a physical barrier are that it is an eco-friendly method, maintains long-term effect after installation, and does not require the use of chemical treatments. Prior to applying physical barriers, studies into the characteristics of termite species must be undertaken. In this study, we evaluated the minimum passage size that each caste of Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis can move through. We found that workers, soldiers, and secondary reproductive termites were able to pass through diameters of 0.7mm, 0.9mm, and 1.1mm respectively. Head height of termites was an important factor in determining the minimum passing size. Results from the current study will be used as a basis to design the mesh size for physical barriers to prevent damage by termites in historical wooden buildings in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.515-527
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• 2013

Building energy simulations which are mainly used in Korea have evaluated the building energy performance with the different thermal conductivity of construction materials. In order to evaluate the energy consumption accurately, the difference in thermal conductivity of the wood used in stud for wooden structure was confirmed from the each simulation. In addition, the thermal transmission of building members and the thermal bridge at the conjunction of building members according to thermal conductivity from each simulation programs were researched. The thermal conductivity of pine that has the largest variation among the energy simulations was applied to the thermal properties of studs in wooden structure. The maximum error between the maximum and minimum thermal transmission of roof, wall, and floor slab was $0.023W/m^2{\cdot}K$. Plus, that thermal bridge at Rafter junction on the roof, roof-wall joint, and floor slab-wall joint was $0.025W/m{\cdot}K$. The heat transfer image for changes in temperature and the heat exchange were analyzed by HEAT2 program. The distorted temperature lines were found around the insufficient insulated connection parts. It was predicted that the temperature at the distorted parts in the analyzed image was lower than that of the other portion of the other structures.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

In Korean traditional wooden architecture, joint performance varies with the material characteristics of timber, the form of joint, the precision of timber-trimming and the like. Case studies prove that the beam-to-column joint type has large influence on the degrees of deformation and spacing. This is not only true of single-story buildings, but also of large-scale multi-story buildings more apparently. Therefore, this study followed the process of examining to joint types, producing their specimens and testing their structural performance. As a consequence of structural test, the dovetail joint specimen showed the best outcomes of the maximum load and rigidity. Synthesizing the structural performances by respective forms of joints, the Doraegeoji dovetail joint specimen showed the higher performance, followed in order by the Doraegeoji mortise joint specimen and the Tongneoko dovetail joint specimen. The structural performance of a building varies with the characteristics by the shouldering forms of penetrating beams and with the joint types within the columns. This should be considered for the new construction or restoration of multi-story buildings, and be continuously researched henceforth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.23-24
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• 2013

침윤소화약제는 소화용수와 혼합시 표면장력을 저하시켜 침투성을 향상시키는 약제로 다공성 적층물질의 화재를 진압하기 위하여 사용된다. 목조건물 및 다공성물질, 적층물질에서 화재가 발생한 경우, 일반소화용수로는 재발화의 가능성이 있는 물질의 심부까지 침투하기 어려워 심부화재로 전이될 가능성이 높다. 따라서 소화용수에 침윤소화약제를 혼합함으로써 침투성능을 향상시켜 연소물질 심부의 화재를 진압하며 이에 대한 기준 연구가 절실히 요구되고 있는 현시점에서 침윤소화약제의 성능을 평가할 수 있는 기법의 필요성 또한 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 분석학적 기법을 통하여 침윤소화약제의 성분에 대하여 제품별 공통 성분과 제품별 특성성분 데이터를 지문영역으로 확보하였다. 이러한 일치성 평가를 실시함으로써 인증을 득한 소화약제의 사후 관리 기법으로 활용하고자 기초연구를 실시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

Front columns of buildings were most severely damaged by insects. Hole diameter damaged by insects were different in each location on columns, that is, bottom, middle position, or top of columns. That mean various insects attacked on columns of wooden traditional buildings because kinds of each insect depends on the hole diameter. Specially, middle position of columns were harmed seriously. Hole diameters damaged by insects were various from 1 mm to 10 mm, but approximately 5 mm diameter was found most commonly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.653-654
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 문화재 손상 검출을 위한 직선 검출 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 문화재 건물의 볼록함, 즉 배부름 현상을 검출하기 위하여 원본 이미지의 직선과 윤곽을 탐지하여 두 선을 비교한다. 배부름 현상이 나타난 문화재의 경우 곡선이 볼록하게 검출되기 때문에 직선과 비교했을 때 일치하지 않는다. 직선 탐지 기법과 윤곽 탐지 기법은 컴퓨터 비전을 기반으로 이루어져 있으며, 이 선들은 이미지의 엣지를 이용하여 검출한다. 배부름 현상은 문화재의 전체 부분 중 일부분에 발생하기 때문에 직선과 윤곽을 비교했을 때 차이를 드러내므로 우수한 성능을 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.192-214
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• 2023

Wooden architectural cultural heritages are one of the visible legacies that show the national's identity. Even when the concept of 'the original' of cultural heritages was not accurately understood, the emphasis of preservation and management of cultural heritages was placed on 'preservation of the original form' or 'maintenance of the original form'. Moreover, these days, following the trend of international preservation principles, cultural heritages are considered important as "values as historical objects." This paper is the result of an attempt to determine the scope and content of what parts should be monitored to maintain the original form of wooden architectural cultural heritage. The first thing to be done in monitoring wooden architectural cultural heritage is to check the condition of the ground and foundation. The second is the column. This is because the instability of the column causes damage to the joint with each member and the fitting part, resulting in physical changes leading to damage to the wall. The third is monitor the roof tiles. If the leak continues into the building due to the separation or damage of the roof, the defect should be partially dismantled and repaired, so it should be monitored to maintain its original shape as much as possible. The monitoring range of the base, column, and roof serves as a reference point for identifying what damage is being done to the relevant cultural heritages. In other words, the data at the time when monitoring began becomes the 'original' for the year. Alternatives based on the analysis of monitoring for the preservation of original cultural heritages should be actively introduced. In addition, by sharing the current state and situation of cultural heritages as a result of monitoring with various related organizations, preventive preservation should be established rather than preservation of cultural heritages by "intervention."

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 2021

This study aims to derive the problems of firefighting and safety measures for architectural heritage with a wooden structure in rural areas and present their improvement measures. To identify those problems, this study grasped the features of the cultural heritage through the building structure and environment of a wooden Catholic secondary station in Dangjin, and analyzed fires that may occur and safety factors. As a result, although the mission station is an important cultural property in terms of its history, place and local identity, it had problems with disaster prevention systems such as vulnerable safety including fire and difficulties in fire recognition and initial firefighting. Therefore, this study concluded through its review and analysis that a disaster prevention system such as stronger firefighting is needed; that fire fighting facilities suitable for the characteristics of the secondary station with a wooden structure should be installed and a main player should be arranged in fire prevention activities to improve the fire prevention system of the cultural property; and that as most mission stations are located in rural areas, it is necessary to more thoroughly protect wooden-structure secondary stations from natural disasters such as forest fire and to improve fire response measures.