• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 2001

The purpose of these experiments is to improve the perm techniques which are fast growing and changing in our life style, for customer satisfaction and to use as basic data for academic purpose through comparing between two methods which are the new permanent wave treatment and the old one. I classified the hair samples to three kinds, which are healthy, normal, and damaged hair. This study is focused on the top part of hair sample which is damaged by strong and long-time sunshine. To get the best result, I use the scanning electron microscope (JSM-5200) as main device of these experiments. The followings are the results of these experiments. First, the new way of permanent wave technique has much more damage on hair than the old one. Second, There are big differences of damaging in this study. The harmed hair has worse result than the healthier hair.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the effect of natural vegetable treatment agent on the bleaching and damage of human hair during permanent wave formation. The vegetable treatment agent was prepared by fermenting the mixture of tea leaves (10g), black rice (100g), black bean (100g), corn (100g), malt (50g), and water(500g) at room temperature for 1 week. The degree of bleaching and damage was checked by Munsell value 'L' and morphological changes of hair in FE-SEM. When the hair was bleached, the Munsell value 'L' was almost same regardless of adding the vegetable treatment to the bleaching solution. But when the hair was permanently waved, the curl formation ability was high and the damage was low in the case of adding the vegetable treatment. This means that the vegetable treatment covers the scale of hair and protects the hair from the chemicals.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

This study aims to propose a method to reduce hair damage after investigating the following: the factors which vary depending on hair treatment conditions; the degree of hair damage in the bleached sample; and an analysis of the effects of a perm on wave formation. To determine the effects of these treatment types, hair bleach was mixed with the hair treatment, and hair damage and formation of permanent waves were examined. Using a scanning electron microscope, in addition, morphological changes were analyzed and the following results were obtained: After mixing natural powder(2.5g) and hair cream(2.5g) and bleaching the mixture, it was compared to the scale structure of untreated hair. When 5g of natural powder was mixed and bleached, a clear layer was observed among cuticle scales, showing the effects of hair treatment. Therefore, this confirms that the effects of hair treatment were most notable when grain powder was mixed with hair cream. Once hair is damaged, it is almost impossible to regain its original state. When chemical agents are used, therefore, it is important to consider the possible hair damage they cause.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the effects of oxidative permanent hair coloring agents on the dyeability and the damage of human hair. p-phenylenediamine and toluene-2.5-diamine sulfate were used as a hair coloring agent precursers. The degree of dyeability was checked by the change of CIELAB $L^*$ value according to dyeing time. And the damage of hair was evaluated by the tensile strength and morphological change of hair in SEM. When the hair was dyed, the CIELAB $L^*$ value was decreased with dyeing time regardless of the type of precursers. But when the hair was dyed after nutritional treatment, the CIELAB $L^*$ value showed lower level. This means that the nutritional treatment covers the scale of hair and protects the hair from the chemicals.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2019

This study comparatively analyzed hair bleaching and degree of damage by the temperature of a heating tool after coloring hair with a permanent, semi-permanent or plant hair dye. According to analysis by spectrophotometer, 'semi-permanent hair dye' was the highest, followed by 'permanent hair dye' and 'plant hair dye' in terms of changes in $L^*$ values. In terms of changes in hair shape when analyzed using FE-SEM, 'semi-permanent hair dye($150^{\circ}C$ or lower)' was the greatest, followed by 'plant hair dye($180^{\circ}C$ or lower)' and 'permanent hair dye($200^{\circ}C$ or lower)'. Therefore, it is reasonable to flat iron hair at low temperature. According to the test, amino acid values gradually decreased in both bleached and colored hair. The results obtained through TGA-based thermal analysis confirmed that as brightness increases, hair moisture contents decrease. This study aimed to protect hair by suggesting a correct use of a flat iron by the hair dye type during hair coloring. It appears that the study results would help hairdressers minimize hair damage by using a hair dye at proper temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.3 s.9
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• pp.13-17
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• 2006

Perm is one the of the most common thing in a beauty salon like hair-cut and hair perm needs processing solutions which is chemical substances. Those chemical substances damage the hair cuticle. Damaged hair cuticles with mistakes of perm will follow with the next performance and it will cause more damage to hair. As damage of hair cuticle become worse, it is harder to recover the hair cuticle like before. Therefore, this study shows that plain rinse is the way to reduce the damage of hair cuticle with perm as much as possible. With experiments, I suggest the right way to do plain rinse to satisfy customers' demand and reduce the damage. During the research, I figured that plain rinse with the knowledge, structure of hair cuticle, principle of perm and plain rinse, is very needed. The hair with plain rinse have more elastic curl and have less scales which came off from hair cuticle than the hair without plain rinse. This experiment concludes that hairdresser has to figure out about the time, temperature and type of water depends on the degree of damaged hair of customers. In order to perm, there is no way to not to use chemical substances to perm. Therefore, hairdresser has to choose suitable processing solutions and right steps, and as this is the age of 'well-being' boom, hairdresser must try to keep the healthy hair. Consequently, in order to meet the demands and conditions of customers, hairdresser needs to find the right method to do plain rinse and use the method in perm.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 2009

Alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both male and female, affecting approximately ten million Koreans. Although medical treatments have been developed to treat alopecia, these treatments still have limitations due to complications that come with these treatments. In contrast, Korean red ginseng has been shown to have a stimulating effect on hair follicle and it has already been added to hair treatment products as a safe ingredient. This study was conducted to objectively evaluate the efficacy of Korean red ginseng in the treatment of alopecia. 40 patients suffering from androgenic alopecia were recruited and randomly divided into the experimental (20 patients) and control (20 patients) groups. The experimental group took Korean red ginseng extract (3,000 mg/day) for 24 weeks while the control group took a placebo. The changes of hair counts, thickness, and density were evaluated with Folliscope$^{(R)}$. Patient satisfaction was evaluated through a questionnaire, and clinical photographs were rated by dermatologists. The result of the study showed that Korean red ginseng effectively increased hair density and thickness. Patient satisfaction and evaluation of photographs by dermatologists also confirmed the effectiveness of Korean red ginseng in the treatment of alopecia.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2010

In this study, we developed a scalp protect powder (scalp irritation abirritant). We proved this powder can lessen sensitivity of skin against diamine dyes (PPD, PTD, etc.) by carrying out safety test and clinical experiments. This scalp protect powder accelerates dyeing process, and reduces not only scalp irritation but also hair damage. Using our optimum formula, ammonia can be caught in liquid-crystalline structure, subsequently, bad odor is reduced dramatically.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the DNA damage by hair dyeing in human lymphocytes Methods : Comet assays were carried out to evaluate the DNA damage in lymphocytes by hair dyeing. Twenty subjects were selected from women volunteers whose age ranged from 55 to 67 year old. All subjects had no smoking history. Blood samples were collected before and 6 hours after hair dyeing. DNA damage was evaluated by means of the tail moments, which were quantified by a KOMET 4.0 image analysis system. Results : The tail moments before hair dyeing showed no significant differences among subjects except for the high frequency group. The mean values of the tail moments in subjects with low and high frequencies of hair dyeing were 1.39 and 1.77, respectively (p<0.05). The tail moments after hair dyeing increased significantly, The mean values of tail moments in subjects before and after hair dyeing were 1.45 and 1.79, respectively (p<0.01). However, the difference levels of DNA damage in lymphocytes before and after hair dyeing were found to be slightly lower in both the dietary supplement taking group and high frequency group. Conclusions : The high frequency group appears to have a higher level of DNA damage than the low frequency group before hair dyeing. DNA damage in lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in the volunteers after hair dyeing. In this study, the related factors such as high frequency and taking dietary supplements appeard to reduce DNA damage in lymphocytes after hair dyeing.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.256-269
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• 2011

Omega-3 fatty acids are a specific type of unsaturated fat that the body cannot manufacture on its own, so they must be obtained from food which is essential fatty acids (EFAs). Omega-3 fatty acids consist of three types which are a-Linolenic Acid (ALA), Eicosapentaenoic (ELA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Especially, EFAs help to prevent skin and hair drying, acne, eczema, prevention from allergies, brittle nails, rashes, and tiny lumps. The aim of this study is to investigate improvement and protection for hair damaged by chemical treatment with omega-3 formulated shampoo. We selected virgin hair sample and divided into two groups for bleaching once and three times and then damaged hair by changing the number of hair bleaching (twice with interval of 15 minutes). Each bleached hair was treated by five different kinds of shampoo (Control, Horse shampoo, DHA shampoo, EPA shampoo, Omega-3 shampoo mixture). Apart from this, EPA/DHA 2, 5, 8, 10 and 12% shampoo were prepared and treated to hair for comparing rate of progress in damaged hair. To quantify improved condition of damaged hair, we performed Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for ultrastructure of damaged hair fraction, measurement of thickness change and BCA Protein Assay for recovery rate of damaged hair. The moisture in hair was measured by Thermal analysis machine. In results, we observed the particle of hair surface damaged by bleaching treatment were well improved with treatment with EPA and DHA shampoo. Also, quantity of protein was lowered with higher concentration of EPA & DHA i.e., 8 and 12 % then compared with horse oil shampoo in three times treatment group. It shows that bleached hair have been recovered by treating rapidly and get protective coat. In conclusion, EPA and DHA shampoo improved damaged hair, especially with EPA / DHA 12% shampoo. Also, EPA shampoo could protect the damaged hair depending on increasing concentration of EPA. Therefore, we conclude omega-3 shampoo could make damaged hair protect and get healthy hair environment.