• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.492-496
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• 2024

Cats are known to express their emotions through a variety of vocalizations during interactions. These sounds reflect their emotional states, making the understanding and interpretation of these sounds crucial for more effective communication. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence has introduced research related to emotion recognition, particularly focusing on the analysis of voice data using deep learning models. Building on this background, the study aims to develop a deep learning system that classifies and generates cat sounds based on their emotional content. The classification model is trained to accurately categorize cat vocalizations by emotion. The sound generation model, which uses deep learning based models such as SampleRNN, is designed to produce cat sounds that reflect specific emotional states. The study finally proposes an integrated system that takes recorded cat vocalizations, classify them by emotion, and generate cat sounds based on user requirements.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 1999

Animal models can provide a useful tool for the study of some aspects of psychiatric disorders and their treatment. The four criteria for the evaluation of animal models of psychiatric disorders are as following : 1) similarity of inducing conditions 2) similarity of behavioral state 3) common underlying neurobiological mechanisms 4) reversal by clinically effective treatment techniques. Several animal models have been proposed for schizophrenia : phenylethylamine model, L-dopa model, hallucinogen model, cocaine model, amphetamine model, phencyclidine model, noradrenergic reward system lesion model, reticular stimulation model, social isolation model, conditioned avoidance reaction, catalepsy test, paw test, self-stimulation paradigms, latent inhibition paradigms, blocking paradigms, prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, rodent interaction, social behavior in monkeys, hippocampal damage, high ambient pressure, and models using selective breeding. Among them, animals with bilateral lesion of the hippocampus may provide an adequate animal model for several symptoms of schizophrenia, and ketamine model can reproduce negative symptoms and cognitive deficits as well as positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In conclusion, no model of schizophrenia is entirely representative of the disease, and findings gleaned from model systems must be cautiously interpreted. Furthermore, the process of developing and validating animal models must work in concert with the process to identify reliable measures of human phenomenology.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

The entrepreneurial activities of college students play a significant role in modern economic and social development, particularly as a solution to the changing economic landscape and youth unemployment issues. Introducing innovative ideas and technologies into the market through entrepreneurship can contribute to sustainable economic growth and social value. Additionally, the entrepreneurial intentions of college students are shaped by various factors, making it crucial to deeply understand and appropriately support these elements. To this end, this study systematically explores the importance and impact of role models through a multiple serial mediation analysis. Through a survey of 300 college students, the study analyzed how two psychological variables, growth mindset and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, mediate the influence of role models on entrepreneurial intentions. The presence and success stories of role models were found to enhance the growth mindset of college students, which in turn boosts their entrepreneurial self-efficacy and ultimately strengthens their entrepreneurial intentions. The analysis revealed that exposure to role models significantly influences the formation of a growth mindset among college students. This mindset fosters a positive attitude towards viewing challenges and failures in entrepreneurship as learning opportunities. Such a mindset further enhances entrepreneurial self-efficacy, thereby strengthening the intention to engage in entrepreneurial activities. This research offers insights by integrating various theories, such as mindset theory and social learning theory, to deeply understand the complex process of forming entrepreneurial intentions. Practically, this study provides important guidelines for the design and implementation of college entrepreneurship education. Utilizing role models can significantly enhance students' entrepreneurial intentions, and educational programs can strengthen students' growth mindset and entrepreneurial self-efficacy by sharing entrepreneurial experiences and knowledge through role models. In conclusion, this study provides a systematic and empirical analysis of the various factors and their complex interactions that impact the entrepreneurial intentions of college students. It confirms that psychological factors like growth mindset and entrepreneurial self-efficacy play a significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intentions, beyond mere information or technical education. This research emphasizes that these psychological factors should be comprehensively considered when developing and implementing policies and programs related to college entrepreneurship education.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.89-114
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• 2008

Most of the extant studies on communication effects have been devoted to the typical issue, "what types of communication activities are more effective for brand awareness or brand attitudes?" However, little research has addressed another question on communication decisions, "what makes communication activities less effective?" Our study focuses on factors negatively influenced on the efficiency of communication activities, especially of Advertising. Some studies have introduced concepts closely related to our topic such as consumer confusion, brand confusion, or belief confusion. Studies on product belief confusion have found some factors misleading consumers to misunderstand the physical features of products. Studies on brand confusion have uncovered factors making consumers confused on brand names. Studies on advertising confusion have tested the effects of ad models' employed by many other firms for different products on communication efficiency. We address a new concept, Ad noises, which are any factors interfering with consumers exposed to a particular advertisement in understanding messages provided by advertisements. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of ad noises caused by ad models on brand awareness and brand attitude. There are many different types of AD noises. Particularly, we study the effects of AD noises generated from ad model selection decision. Many companies want to employ celebrities as AD models while the number of celebrities who command a high degree of public and media attention are limited. Inevitably, several firms have been adopting the same celebrities as their AD models for different products. If the same AD model is adopted for TV commercials for different products, consumers exposed to those TV commercials are likely to fail to be aware of the target brand due to interference of TV commercials, for other products, employing the same AD model. This is an ad noise caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements, which is the first type of ad noises studied in this research. Another type of AD noises is related to the decision of AD model replacement for the same product advertising. Firms sometimes launch another TV commercial for the same products. Some firms employ the same AD model for the new TV commercial for the same product and other firms employ new AD models for the new TV commercials for the same product. The typical problem with the replacement of AD models is the possibility of interfering with consumers in understanding messages of the TV commercial due to the dissimilarity of the old and new AD models. We studied the effects of these two types of ad noises, which are the typical factors influencing on the effect of communication: (1) ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements and (2) ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products. First, we measure the negative influence of AD noises on brand awareness and attitudes, in order to provide the importance of studying AD noises. Furthermore, our study unveiled the mediating conditions(variables) which can increase or decrease the effects of ad noises on brand awareness and attitudes. We study the effects of three mediating variables for ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements: (1) the fit between product image and AD model image, (2) similarity between AD model images in multiple TV commercials employing the same AD model, and (3) similarity between products of which TV commercial employed the same AD model. We analyze the effects of another three mediating variables for ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products: (1) the fit of old and new AD models for the same product, (2) similarity between AD model images in old and new TV commercials for the same product, and (3) concept similarity between old and new TV commercials for the same product. We summarized the empirical results from a field survey as follows. The employment of ad models who have been used in advertisements for other products has negative effects on both brand awareness and attitudes. our empirical study shows that it is possible to reduce the negative effects of ad models used for other products by choosing ad models whose images are relevant to the images of target products for the advertisement, by requiring ad models of images which are different from those of ad models in other advertisements, or by choosing ad models who have been shown in advertisements for other products which are not similar to the target product. The change of ad models for the same product advertisement can positively influence on brand awareness but positively on brand attitudes. Furthermore, the effects of ad model change can be weakened or strengthened depending on the relevancy of new ad models, the similarity of previous and current ad models, and the consistency of the previous and current ad messages.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.293-308
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• 2012

The shear behavior at the particle/surface interface such as rock joint can determine the mechanical behavior of whole structure. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing its behavior and accurately estimation of the interface strength is essential. In this paper, PFC, a numerical analysis program of discrete element method was used to investigate the effects of the surface roughness on interface strength. The surface roughness was characterized by smooth, intermediate, and rough surface, respectively. In order to investigate the effects of particle shape and crushing on particle/surface interface behavior, one ball, clump, and cluster models were created and their results were compared. The shape of particle was characterized by circle, triangle, square, and rectangle, respectively. The results showed that as the surface roughness increases, interface strength and friction angle increase and the void ratio increases. The one ball model with smooth surface shows lower interface strength and friction angle than the clump model with irregular surface. In addition, a cluster model has less interface strength and friction angle than the clump model. The failure envelope of the cluster model shows non-linear characteristic. From these findings, it is verified that the surface roughness and particle shape effect on the particle/surface interface shear behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.86-92
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• 1993

자동차의 현가장치에 대한 능동제어연구는 국내외적으로 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 수동식현가장치는 단순히 스프링과 감쇠기로 차체의 진동을 수동 제어 하므로 성능 향상에 한계가 존재하게 된다. 수동식 현가장치가 강성계수와 감쇠계수를 조절함으로써 차체로 들어오는 진동을 억제하는 반면, 능동식제 어는 보통 유압을 이용하여 효율적으로 차체에 들어오는 진동을 억제시키게 된다. 일반적으로 자동차가 능동현가장치 설계시 요구되는 사항은 탑승자의 승차감, 조종성, 현가장치의 공간확보 문제, 경제성(제어력), 실제적으로 자동 차에 적용할 수 있는 능동제어기법인가 하는 문제이다. 자동차 능동식 현가 장치는 보통 1/4 car (2자유도계), Full-car 모델 (7자유도계) 등으로 모델링 을 하여 능동제어기를 설계한다. 1/4 car 모델의 특징은 해석이 비교적 단순 하고 현가장치의 동적거동을 이해하는데 유용하고 실험을 하거나 실제 자동 차에 적용하기 쉬운 반면에 Full-car 모델에 비해 제어력의 효율이 떨어진다 는 단점이 있다. 그 이유는 1/4 car 모델은 차체의 동역학적 특성을 고려하 여 설계하지 않았기 때문에 4개의 독립현가차축에서는 오직 그 현가축방향 으로 발생하는 수직방향의 진동만을 제어하기 때문이다. 따라서 동역학적 역 성에 기인하는 운동을 제어하는 비효율적인 제어력이 공급된다는 단점을 갖 는다. 이에 비해 full-car 모델은 주행모드(수직, 롤링, 피칭운동)간의 연성을 고려하여 제어기를 설계할 수 있기 때문에 1/4 car 모델에 비해 제어력의 효 율이 높다는 장점이 있는 반면에 모델이 수학적으로 복잡하므로 제어력을 구하는데 계산량이 많고, 실제 자동차에 적용하기에 복잡하다는 단점을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 쉽게 실험할 수 있고, 실용화할 수 있는 1/4 car 모델에 대하여 능동제어기를 설계하여 실제자동차에 능동제어기를 적용할 때 참고가 될 수 있도록 하였다. 자동차는 저주파영역의 밴드통과필터 역할 을 하므로 저주파에서의 성능, 특히 탑승자가 민감하게 느끼는 0.5Hz - 10Hz 부근의 주파수성능은 승차감, 조종성에 상당히 중요하다. 이에 본 논문 에서는 0.5Hz - 10Hz 부근의 승차감, 조종성의 향상에 초점을 두고 차체의 속도를 출력변수로 한 LQG/LTR 제어기를 설계하였다. LQG/LTR 설계기법 은 안정도-강인성이 좋은 체계적인 설계기법으로서 전 상태를 측정할 필요 가 없으므로 실제 적용시 효과적이다. 또한 자동차의 제원의 변화에 대한 고 유치의 민감도해석과 새로운 개념으로 안정도-강인성(Robustness)해석을 하 여 수동시스템과 능동시스템의 강인성을 비교하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.807-825
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• 2013

This study investigated two science teachers' practical knowledge shaped during their science classes which intend to realize social construction of scientific models. The teachers' practical knowledge was qualitatively examined in terms of five content categories defined by Elbaz through the reflection-in-action based on video data of their teaching as well as the reflection-on-action based on their narratives and interview data obtained after their classes. The results shows: 1) two science teachers implemented their practical knowledge on appropriate subject matter knowledge when they provided students with scaffoldings to support building scientific models during the classes. 2) The teachers' knowledge about science curriculum played important roles to change the purposes of the classes from the transmission of difficult science concepts to the construction of scientific model appropriate to learning goals. 3) The teachers' implementation of pedagogical knowledge changed toward supporting students' group activities and model generations aligned to the intention of social construction of scientific models. 4) The teachers' practical knowledge about their 'selves' showed that a teacher's perception and implementation of his/her roles of helper, guide, or facilitator are important for students to construct scientific models through group activities. 5) The two teachers' practical knowledge the milieu of schooling is realized by their modes of interactions with student groups during their classes. Two teachers acted like a co-player with his students or like a coach to students near a playground. We discussed domain-specific characteristics about scientific model construction.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.599-610
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze mechanistic reasoning in Fabre's inquires and to develop mechanistic reasoning model. To analyze the order of the process elements in mechanistic reasoning, 30 chapters were selected in book. Inquiries were analyzed through a framework which is based on Russ et al. (2008). The nine process elements of mechanistic reasoning that was presented in Fabre's inquires were as follows: Describing the Target Phenomenon, Identifying prior Knowledge, Identifying Properties of Objects, Identifying Setup Conditions, Identifying Activities, Conjecturing Entities, Identifying Properties of Entities, Identifying Entities, and Organization of Entities. The order of process elements of mechanistic reasoning was affected by inquiry's subject, types of question, prior knowledge and situation. Three mechanistic reasoning models based on the process elements of mechanistic reasoning were developed: Mechanistic reasoning model for Identifying Entities(MIE), Mechanistic reasoning model for Identifying Activities(MIA), and Mechanistic reasoning model for Identifying Properties of entities (MIP). Science teacher can help students to use the questions of not only "why" but also "How", "If", "What", when students identify entities or generate hypotheses. Also science teacher should be required to understand mechanistic reasoning to give students opportunities to generate diverse hypotheses. If students can't conjecture entities easily, MIA and MIP would be helpful for students.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.175-188
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze chemistry textbooks and teachers' guidebooks from the perspective of 'Ignorance', one of the important features of model. This is because the emphasis is on developing modeling capabilities for students in the 2015 Revised Curriculum. For this, Arrhenius model and Brønsted-Lowry model were selected as acid and base models in neutralization reaction which are important contents in chemistry curriculum. The analysis criteria of this study were extracted by analyzing previous studies and four general chemistry textbooks dealing with 'Ignorance' related to acid and base neutralization reaction. Based on the analysis criteria, we analyzed nine chemistry I textbooks and teacher's guides and six chemistry II textbooks and teacher's guides of the 2015 revised curriculum. In addition, we analyzed contents of four chemistry I textbooks and teacher's guides and three chemistry II textbooks and teacher's guides in the 2009 revised curriculum for comparison according to revised curriculums. We analyzed the contents related to the concept of 'neutralization reaction', 'neutrality', 'quantitative relation of neutralization reaction', 'degree of ionization', and 'ionization constant'. Based on the results of this study, we proposed a way to present 'Ignorance' of the models in teachers' guidebooks that chemistry teachers can understand 'Ignorance' of model and teach modeling capabilities for students.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2018

Crop growth models are useful tools for understanding and integrating knowledge about crop growth. Models for predicting plant height, net photosynthesis rate, and plant growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as a leafy vegetable in a closed-type plant factory system were developed using empirical model equations such as linear, quadratic, non-rectangular hyperbola, and expolinear equations. Plant growth and yield were measured at 5-day intervals after transplanting. Photosynthesis and growth curve models were calculated. Linear and curve relationships were obtained between plant heights and days after transplanting (DAT), however, accuracy of the equation to estimate plant height was linear equation. A non-rectangular hyperbola model was chosen as the response function of net photosynthesis. The light compensation point, light saturation point, and respiration rate were 29, 813 and $3.4{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. The shoot fresh weight showed a linear relationship with the shoot dry weight. The regression coefficient of the shoot dry weight was 0.75 ($R^2=0.921^{***}$). A non-linear regression was carried out to describe the increase in shoot dry weight of quinoa as a function of time using an expolinear equation. The crop growth rate and relative growth rate were $22.9g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ and $0.28g{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, respectively. These models can accurately estimate plant height, net photosynthesis rate, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of quinoa.